The Jamaican Female Skills Surplus and Earnings Deficit: A Holistic Explanation

This paper addresses the poor socio-economic performance of Jamaican females despite superior human capital. A holistic explanation exploring female lifestyle choices is advanced since discipline-specific theories fail to explain occupational clustering and the resulting earnings gap. It is hypothesized that both reflect lifestyle constraints, which may be linked to characteristics of the social environment. Since these constraints affect different groups of women differently, then policies designed to reduce occupational dis-similarity and female-male earnings gap must adapt a dis-aggregated analysis. Catherine Hakim’s model of female dis-aggregation and data from the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Survey, LSMS, are used to advance the underlying thesis

Exploring Obesity and After-school Supervision with Adolescents in Rural West Virginia

Both childhood obesity and the number of children in self-care have increased during the past several decades. Child care arrangements for working parents of middle school children can be a complex problem because unsupervised children who “hang out” with peers after school are more likely to engage in risky behaviors, although unsupervised children at home after school tend to watch more television than their supervised peers. Because children in self-care at home after school tend to engage in more sedentary activities, they may be at greater risk for becoming overweight or obese. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which activity level may mediate a relationship between at-home self-care and childhood obesity. Participants completed a structured activity journal to record daily after-school activities for one week’s time. A series of three regression models was estimated to examine the hypothesized relationships among the following variables: time spent unsupervised, activity level, and BMI percentile. The results of these analyses suggested that relationships among these variables do not exist. Additionally, several ancillary analyses were conducted to examine the findings in greater depth. One ancillary analysis compared the responses participants gave about their activities each hour and their subjective ratings of their activity levels. Two independent judges rated the activity level of each participant, and the judges’ activity ratings were compared to the participants’ activity ratings. A second ancillary analysis examined whether there was a difference in how participants in the different weight classifications perceived their activity level to be. A final analysis compared the participants’ weight classification with how healthy the participants’ recorded food intake was judged to be. Qualitative observations regarding the reported food intake and activity level were also included to provide additional information regarding factors that may be contributing to the proportion of overweight/obese participants. Results of the ancillary analyses, interpretation of the primary and ancillary analyses, critique of the methodology, and suggestions for future research are addressed

Bye-Bye Teacher-Scholar, Hello Teacher-Scholar ? Possibilities and Perils of Comprehensive Internationalization

This article develops the claim that the Teacher-Scholar Model (TS) is ill-suited for the strategy of comprehensive internationalization (CI) which strives for global learning. CI depends on student engagement with international people and organizations. Although non-research collaborations promise to integrate the largest numbers of undergraduate students, the popular TS Model prioritizes international research collaborations. The basis of this prioritization is the contested association of scholarship with better teaching, and more recently evidence-based practice. This article considers some of the consequences of this prioritization, and proposes an update to the TS Model. The update is informed partly by; lessons from service learning and other community focused activities; a non-research collaboration involving Haitian stakeholders from the non-profit and public sectors and thirty extremely poor Haitians with disabilities; and the perceptions of fifty-seven undergraduates from a Carnegie R2 University. The proposal is also informed by an illustration of how different merit models might impact faculty who work on non-research projects. This article demonstrates that even in cases where global learning is enhanced, and collaboratorsΓÇÖ goals are realized, the TS Model is likely to undervalue faculty work. The proposed update, the Teacher Scholar-Practitioner Model, (TSP) is consistent with evidence of complex knowledge flows between practice, scholarship, and teaching. This evidence, which confirms that practice can produce original knowledge and inform scholarship and teaching, is affirmed by examples from a few innovating institutions. Their uses of merit models that align with investments in social aspirational student learning can guide for advocates of comprehensive internationalization. ┬á┬á┬

The power of patient ownership: The path from engagement to equity

Understanding patient engagement from the lens of a person who is suffering, who is in pain and anguish, who is wracked with fear of the impact of this pain on their body, their family, their career, and their mortality, is a complex undertaking. The authors provide an important patient perspective in acknowledging and highlighting efforts to shift the conversation on experience from one about patients and families to one with patients and families. They challenge us to consider the power that can be found in creating ownership for patients and suggest it may be the one true path to moving beyond a mindset of engagement to real equity in healthcare

Everybody S***s: how defecation stigma reduces care quality in dementia

Purpose: This paper aims to raise awareness of the ways in which faecal incontinence can impact the provision of dementia care by examining this through the lens of stigma. Design/methodology/approach: This paper contains a scoping review of available literature relating to faecal incontinence, dementia and stigma. Findings: Literature was organised into three themes: the origins of the stigma, the purpose of stigma and the care context. Research limitations/implications: Limitations of this paper include the lack of literature discussing faecal incontinence and dementia in relation to stigma. Practical implications: Stigma regarding faecal incontinence has the potential to impact quality of life of people with a dementia and contributes towards the invisible work of unqualified care workers. Originality/value: Stigma and faecal incontinence have only a small amount of research around them in residential dementia care

Patient partner compensation in research and health care: the patient perspective on why and how

As patient and family engagement activity broadens across the continuum of care and expands around the world, the question of compensation for an increasingly competent advisory community continues to come up. The authors are 4 patients who are highly active in patient and public involvement initiatives internationally. Through our exclusive patient perspective, we provide insight into the reasoning and motivation that many patients are now awakening to as to why lived experience is a value that organizations need to recognize and support in concrete ways. We explore the core principles that an organization needs to consider and adopt when developing compensation policies for their engagement practices with patients and family members. Organizations face an ongoing challenge to achieve diversity among their patient advisors so that all segments of the community they serve are represented. In particular, marginalized populations are confronted with financial and social determinants that are often barriers to full inclusion. Comprehensive compensation policies overcome these barriers. While there is some guidance available from organizations like PCORI, the predominant culture in health care resists the notion of compensation. In addition to defining core principles behind compensation, we outline how to put those principles into practice in a valid, credible manner that honours and values the contributions of patients and families whether in quality improvement or health research. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Patient, Family & Community Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework. (http://bit.ly/ExperienceFramework) Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens

Storytelling at board meetings: A case study of co-developing recommendations

In healthcare, stories shared by patients often provide details and insights into experiences of illness and care. Stories are a way to educate healthcare providers and others to improve care and systems to become more patient and family centred and to better meet patients’ needs and priorities. Telling stories may bring benefits to both storytellers and audience members but also presents risks of harm. A reflective storytelling practice aims to honor stories and storytellers by ensuring there is time to prepare, reflect, learn, ask questions, and engage in dialogue with the storyteller to explore what went well and where there are learning and improvement opportunities. Healthcare Excellence Canada (HEC) is a pan-Canadian health organization focused on improving the quality and safety of care in Canada. HEC commits to engage patients, caregivers, and communities and aims to develop practices and structures to enable engagement activities. At the request of the HEC Board, the Patient Engagement and Partnerships team co-developed recommendations on the process for how best to meaningfully share stories at Board meetings, including stories from those leading, providing, and receiving care. This Case Study outlines the process HEC used to co-develop storytelling recommendations, focusing on a trauma-informed approach to create safe spaces for preparing, learning from and reflecting on stories, to clearly articulate their purpose, and to ensure the locus of control for storytelling rests with the storytellers. This Case Study shares these recommendations and invites other organizations to use these recommendations and/or adapt them within their own context. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Infrastructure & Governance lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://www.theberylinstitute.org/ExperienceFramework). Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens

Peer Evaluation of Team Member Effectiveness as a Formative Educational Intervention

Peer evaluation of team member effectiveness is often used to complement cooperative learning in the classroom, by holding students accountable for their team contributions. Drawing on the tenants of self-determination theory, this study investigated the impacts of formative peer evaluation in university level team-based design projects. The hypothesis was that the introduction of formative peer evaluation cycles would result in a more student-centered learning climate, increased competence, reduced doubt, and improved student learning. Two semesters were compared in this quasi-experimental study where results of peer evaluation became modifiers to students’ grades in the final project. In only one of the semesters, peer evaluation was also used multiple times formatively to provide students with feedback and encourage changes in behavior without impacting grades. When formative peer evaluation was implemented, students earned higher grades on the final project and in the course and perceived a more student-centered learning environment, more competence, and less doubt about the course

In Search of the Viking Great Army : Beyond the Winter Camps

Our research on the winter camp of the Viking Great Army (micel here) at Torksey (Lincolnshire) has demonstrated that the published early medieval assemblage – of over 1500 artefacts – was largely deposited in a single episode, over the winter of 872-3. A similar, if smaller, assemblage has been recovered from another camp at Aldwark (North Yorkshire) and together these sites provide an artefactual ‘signature’ for the activities of the Great Army, and its offshoots. Subsequently, we have sought traces of that signature beyond the winter camps. At the rural settlement at Cottam (East Yorkshire), an initial but transient Great Army phase has been identified, prior to the establishment of the Anglo-Scandinavian farmstead. This paper defines the characteristics of this Great Army signature, and identifies over 30 additional places where it may now be seen. Some lie in the vicinity of former Anglo-Saxon estate centres, royal residences, and major churches. Many are at strategic locations, along the primary communications routes formed by Roman roads and ancient trackways, or on major rivers, including several at key crossing points

Prospectus, April 21, 1999

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1999/1013/thumbnail.jp