SB 336 - Law Enforcement Officers and Agencies

The Act prohibits data carriers from disclosing to their customers the existence of a subpoena issued for the production of the customers’ records. The Act also allows the Georgia Bureau of Investigation to retain the fingerprints of individuals working in certain professions that require background checks for the duration of employment

Il ruolo del capitale sociale nella prevenzione della violenza fisica

The aim of this article is to review the literature on the effects of social environment on the development of physical aggression. We have chosen to consider the social environment in terms of a relatively recent unifying concept, the social capital. In recent years, this concept has increasingly come to the fore. Initially formulated by Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam to explain such phenomena as social stratification and economic and political development, it has since been utilized to interpret various aspects of life in society. From the developmental standpoint, several empirical studies have demonstrated that both familial and extra-familial social capital have an effect, even in the long term, on the adaptation of children, on academic results and socio-economic success, and on health and well-being. In general, the social capital perspective has proved useful in helping to understand aggressive behavior and violence, though much more research is needed. Not all forms of social capital act in the same way, and several studies have found that social capital seems to exert a preventive effect on aggressive behavior only in certain circumstances and only with regard to some types of persons. The various types of social capital have a differential impact according to the age of the individual. Family social capital and the relationship resources offered by the child welfare system chiefly act during early childhood and childhood, when learning to regulate physical aggression appears to be at its peak. The influence of peers has been shown mainly during late childhood and adolescence: however, it is very likely that it is present very early at home through siblings, and in day care. Violent subcultures and organized crime are more likely to exert a direct effect on adolescents and adults. Broadly speaking, it seems that social capital at the micro level plays a stronger role during childhood,while the macro level acts especially during adolescence and adult life.Il concetto di capitale sociale, elaborato inizialmente da Bourdieu, Coleman e Putnam per comprendere fenomeni quali la stratificazione sociale, lo sviluppo economico e l’efficienza dei governi, sta godendo di un crescente successo in sociologia. Questo concetto è stato anche utilizzato per comprendere i rapporti tra caratteristiche dell’ambiente e aggressività fisica, ed in questo articolo riportiamo una rassegna delle principali ricerche in questo campo. Non tutte le forme di capitale sociale agiscono allo stesso modo, ed in molte ricerche il capitale sociale sembra avere un impatto preventivo sul comportamento aggressivo soltanto in certe circostanze e soltanto con alcuni tipi di persone. I diversi tipi di capitale sociale hanno un impatto differenziato a seconda delle diverse età della vita: il capitale sociale famigliare e le risorse di relazioni presenti nel sistema di welfare agiscono soprattutto nell’infanzia, anche in età molto precoci, i coetanei agiscono soprattutto nell’adolescenza, mentre le sottoculture violente ed il crimine organizzato hanno un impatto sui giovani e sugli adulti. Alla luce di molte ricerche,possiamo ritenere che il processo di progressiva diminuzione dei comportamenti aggressivi, dalla prima infanzia all’età adulta possa essere facilitato dalla maggior parte delle relazioni sociali che abbiamo definito come capitale sociale,anche se ci si è resi conto di come alcune forme di capitale sociale (gang, crimine organizzato) possono rappresentare una risorsa per sopravvivere in ambienti difficili, ma finiscono per incrementare la violenza

Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry Reveals that Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora Bicupin Oxalate Oxidase is Inhibited by Nitric Oxide

Membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) uses a semipermeable membrane as an inlet to a mass spectrometer for the measurement of the concentration of small uncharged molecules in solution. We report the use of MIMS to characterize the catalytic properties of oxalate oxidase (E.C. 1.2.3.4) from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (CsOxOx). Oxalate oxidase is a manganese dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxygen-dependent oxidation of oxalate to carbon dioxide in a reaction that is coupled with the formation of hydrogen peroxide. CsOxOx is the first bicupin enzyme identified that catalyzes this reaction. The MIMS method of measuring OxOx activity involves continuous, real-time direct detection of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production from the ion currents of their respective mass peaks. 13C2-oxalate was used to allow for accurate detection of 13CO2 (m/z 45) despite the presence of adventitious 12CO2. Steady-state kinetic constants determined by MIMS are comparable to those obtained by a continuous spectrophotometric assay in which H2O2 production is coupled to the horseradish peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of 2,2\u27-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). Furthermore, we used MIMS to determine that NO inhibits the activity of the CsOxOx with a KI of 0.58 ± 0.06 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR

Protein similarity networks reveal relationships among sequence, structure, and function within the Cupin superfamily.

The cupin superfamily is extremely diverse and includes catalytically inactive seed storage proteins, sugar-binding metal-independent epimerases, and metal-dependent enzymes possessing dioxygenase, decarboxylase, and other activities. Although numerous proteins of this superfamily have been structurally characterized, the functions of many of them have not been experimentally determined. We report the first use of protein similarity networks (PSNs) to visualize trends of sequence and structure in order to make functional inferences in this remarkably diverse superfamily. PSNs provide a way to visualize relatedness of structure and sequence among a given set of proteins. Structure- and sequence-based clustering of cupin members reflects functional clustering. Networks based only on cupin domains and networks based on the whole proteins provide complementary information. Domain-clustering supports phylogenetic conclusions that the N- and C-terminal domains of bicupin proteins evolved independently. Interestingly, although many functionally similar enzymatic cupin members bind the same active site metal ion, the structure and sequence clustering does not correlate with the identity of the bound metal. It is anticipated that the application of PSNs to this superfamily will inform experimental work and influence the functional annotation of databases

SB 336 - Law Enforcement Officers and Agencies

The Act prohibits data carriers from disclosing to their customers the existence of a subpoena issued for the production of the customers’ records. The Act also allows the Georgia Bureau of Investigation to retain the fingerprints of individuals working in certain professions that require background checks for the duration of employment

La giustizia minorile: prevenzione o stigmatizzazione? L’effetto a lungo termine delle misure adottate dal tribunale per i minorenni attraverso l’analisi dei risultati del “Montreal Longitudinal-Esperimental Study”

The labelling theory has been the subject of intense debate, which has often been influenced more by ideological parameters than empirical ones. The studies that have attempted to evaluate this theory have yielded contrasting results. The present study uses data from the Montreal Longitudinal Experimental Study to investigate whether intervention by the juvenile justice system is determined, at least in part, by particular individual, familial and social conditions that make youths especially vulnerable to judicial reaction, and whether contact with the juvenile courts during adolescence increases involvement in adult crime. The study considers self-reported crime in childhood and adolescence, and introduces as control variables individual, family and social factors into its analysis.The results show that youths who are poor, impulsive, and have deviant friends are more likely, for the same degree of antisocial behavior, to undergo intervention by the Juvenile Court, and that this intervention greatly increases the likelihood of involvement with the penal system in adulthood, controlling for individual and socioeconomic variables.The results show that the various measures recommended by the Juvenile Court exert a different criminogenic effect; those that involve placement have the most negative impact.La teoria dell’etichettamento è stata oggetto di un intenso dibattito, maggiormente influenzato da parametri ideologici che da ricerche empiriche. Le ricerche che hanno tentato di validarla hanno prodotto risultati contrastanti. Questo studio utilizza i dati di un ampio studio longitudinale, il “Montreal Longitudinal Experimental Study”, per verificare se l’intervento del Tribunale per i Minorenni è determinato, almeno in parte, da particolari condizioni individuali, famigliari e sociali, che rendono i giovani particolarmente vulnerabile alla reazione giudiziaria, e se il contatto con il Tribunale per i Minorenni nell’adolescenza aumenta le probabilità di una condanna penale da adulto. Questa ricerca considera la delinquenza auto-riportata nell’infanzia e nell’adolescenza ed introduce come variabili di controllo anche alcune variabili che riflettono le caratteristiche individuali, familiari e sociali dei soggetti. I risultati dimostrano che l’intervento della giustizia minorile è più probabile, a parità di reati commessi, per i ragazzi più poveri, più impulsivi, con amici devianti e poco seguiti dai genitori, e che tale intervento aumenta grandemente le probabilità di una condanna da adulto; l’effetto criminogeno più intenso è determinato dalle misure che implicano un inserimento in una istituzione (carcere o istituto rieducativi)

Structure similarity networks of cupin domains colored by metal ligand.

<p>Pairwise similarities for a non-redundant set of 213 domains from the Pfam cupin clan (CL0029) were calculated using TM-align <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074477#pone.0074477-Zhang1" target="_blank">[37]</a>. Each node represents a domain. Nodes were arranged using the yfiles organic layout of of Cytoscape version 3.0. A. Edges between nodes were drawn only if the average TM-score >0.53 for that edge. At this cutoff, the average r.m.s.d. is 1.73 Å with 74.2 Cα atoms aligned. B. Edges between nodes were drawn only if the average TM-score >0.65 for that edge. At this cutoff, the average r.m.s.d. is 1.42 Å with 80.1 Cαatoms aligned.</p

Sequence similarity networks colored by metal ligand.

<p>Networks were generated by all-by all BLAST comparisons of the 183 sequences corresponding to the unique cupin structures shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074477#pone-0074477-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a>. Nodes were arranged using the yfiles organic layout of of Cytoscape version 3.0. A. Edges between nodes are drawn only if the E-value is better than of 1E-3.5. At this cutoff, edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median 32.1% identity over 93 residues. B. Edges between nodes are drawn only if the E-value is better than of 1E-6.0. At this cutoff, edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median 36.2% identity over 185 residues.</p

The RmlC epimerase cluster.

<p>The RmlC epimerase cluster.</p