1,643 research outputs found
Probing Cosmic Dawn: Modelling the Assembly History, SEDs, and Dust Content of Selected Galaxies
The presence of spectroscopically confirmed Balmer breaks in galaxy spectral
energy distributions (SEDs) at provides one of the best probes of the
assembly history of the first generations of stars in our Universe. Recent
observations of the gravitationally lensed source, MACS 1149_JD1 (JD1),
indicate that significant amounts of star formation likely occurred at
redshifts as high as . The inferred stellar mass, dust mass, and
assembly history of JD1, or any other galaxy at these redshifts that exhibits a
strong Balmer break, can provide a strong test of our best theoretical models
from high-resolution cosmological simulations. In this work, we present the
results from a cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of the region
surrounding a massive Lyman-break galaxy. For two of our most massive systems,
we show that dust preferentially resides in the vicinity of the young stars
thereby increasing the strength of the measured Balmer break such that the
simulated SEDs are consistent with the photometry of JD1 and two other
systems (GN-z10-3 and GN-z9-1) that have proposed Balmer breaks at high
redshift. We find strong variations in the shape and luminosity of the SEDs of
galaxies with nearly identical stellar and halo masses, indicating the
importance of morphology, assembly history, and dust distribution in making
inferences on the properties of individual galaxies at high redshifts. Our
results stress the importance that dust may play in modulating the observable
properties of galaxies, even at the extreme redshifts of .Comment: 16 pages, 13 Figures, Accepted to MNRA
Label-free shotgun proteomics and metabolite analysis reveal a significant metabolic shift during citrus fruit development.
Label-free LC-MS/MS-based shot-gun proteomics was used to quantify the differential protein synthesis and metabolite profiling in order to assess metabolic changes during the development of citrus fruits. Our results suggested the occurrence of a metabolic change during citrus fruit maturation, where the organic acid and amino acid accumulation seen during the early stages of development shifted into sugar synthesis during the later stage of citrus fruit development. The expression of invertases remained unchanged, while an invertase inhibitor was up-regulated towards maturation. The increased expression of sucrose-phosphate synthase and sucrose-6-phosphate phosphatase and the rapid sugar accumulation suggest that sucrose is also being synthesized in citrus juice sac cells during the later stage of fruit development
Amitriptyline and scopolamine in an animal model of depression
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute (95 dB white noise) or chronic stress, or their combination. In comparison with unstressed controls, stressed rats were more active upon several measures of open field activity. A history of chronic stress eliminated the acute stress induced activation. Concurrent treatment of chronically stressed rats with amitriptyline or scopolamine, or with a combination of both drugs resulted in selective behavioral improvement (i.e., in motor activity, latency, defecation) for amitriptyline and combined treatment rats, with significant restoration of the normal behavioral response. Scopolamine however was only marginally effective. A higher dose of scopolamine proved effective, but only with a marked disruption of baseline activity. Examination of plasma corticosterone titers indicated that chronic stress induced an elevation of basal levels and that this was reversed by amitriptyline, scopolamine, and combined drug treatment. Thus while behavioral depression and elevated corticosteroids may covary they are not identically mediated.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24333/1/0000600.pd
Effects of Exenatide vs. Metformin on endothelial function in obese patients with pre-diabetes: a randomized trial
BACKGROUND: Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist treatment may improve endothelial function via direct and indirect mechanisms. We compared the acute and chronic effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide vs. metformin on endothelial function in patients with obesity and pre-diabetes. METHODS: We performed a randomized, open-label, clinical trial in 50 non-diabetic individuals (mean age 58.5 ± 10.0; 38 females) with abdominal obesity and either impaired fasting glucose, elevated HbA1c, or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) who were randomized to receive 3-months of exenatide or metformin. Microvascular endothelial function, assessed by digital reactive hyperemia (reactive hyperemic index: RHI), C-reactive protein (CRP), circulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured at baseline and 3-months. Seven subjects with IGT participated in a sub-study comparing the effects of pre-administration of exenatide and metformin on postprandial endothelial function. RESULTS: There were no differences for the change in RHI (Δ exenatide: 0.01 ± 0.68 vs. Δ metformin: -0.17 ± 0.72, P = 0.348), CRP, oxLDL, or VCAM-1 between exenatide and metformin treatment. Triglycerides were reduced more with exenatide compared to metformin (Δ exenatide: -25.5 ± 45.7 mg/dL vs. Δ metformin: -2.9 ± 22.8 mg/dL, P = 0.032). In the sub-study, there was no difference in postprandial RHI between exenatide and metformin. CONCLUSIONS: Three months of exenatide therapy had similar effects on microvascular endothelial function, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular activation, as metformin, in patients with obesity and pre-diabetes. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: This study is registered on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT0054672
Long-lasting changes in morphine sensitivity following amygdaloid kindling in mice
Mice tested at either 3, 27 or 90 days following their last amygdala kindled convulsion exhibited a marked increase in response to morphine compared to controls. Kindled animals showed a higher incidence of clonic convulsions and an exaggerated Straub tail response, both of which could be blocked by naloxone pretreatment. The changes in response to morphine produced by kindling may provide a model for studying the long-lasting effects of convulsions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24190/1/0000449.pd
Fast full-color computational imaging with single-pixel detectors
Single-pixel detectors can be used as imaging devices by making use of structured illumination. These systems work by correlating a changing incident light field with signals measured on a photodiode to derive an image of an object. In this work we demonstrate a system that utilizes a digital light projector to illuminate a scene with approximately 1300 different light patterns every second and correlate these with the back scattered light measured by three spectrally-filtered single-pixel photodetectors to produce a full-color high-quality image in a few seconds of data acquisition. We utilize a differential light projection method to self normalize the measured signals, improving the reconstruction quality whilst making the system robust to external sources of noise. This technique can readily be extended for imaging applications at non-visible wavebands
A label-free differential quantitative mass spectrometry method for the characterization and identification of protein changes during citrus fruit development
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Citrus is one of the most important and widely grown commodity fruit crops. In this study a label-free LC-MS/MS based shot-gun proteomics approach was taken to explore three main stages of citrus fruit development. These approaches were used to identify and evaluate changes occurring in juice sac cells in various metabolic pathways affecting citrus fruit development and quality.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Protein changes in citrus juice sac cells were identified and quantified using label-free shotgun methodologies. Two alternative methods, differential mass-spectrometry (dMS) and spectral counting (SC) were used to analyze protein changes occurring during earlier and late stages of fruit development. Both methods were compared in order to develop a proteomics workflow that could be used in a non-model plant lacking a sequenced genome. In order to resolve the bioinformatics limitations of EST databases from species that lack a full sequenced genome, we established iCitrus. iCitrus is a comprehensive sequence database created by merging three major sources of sequences (HarvEST:citrus, NCBI/citrus/unigenes, NCBI/citrus/proteins) and improving the annotation of existing unigenes. iCitrus provided a useful bioinformatics tool for the high-throughput identification of citrus proteins. We have identified approximately 1500 citrus proteins expressed in fruit juice sac cells and quantified the changes of their expression during fruit development. Our results showed that both dMS and SC provided significant information on protein changes, with dMS providing a higher accuracy.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data supports the notion of the complementary use of dMS and SC for label-free comparative proteomics, broadening the identification spectrum and strengthening the identification of trends in protein expression changes during the particular processes being compared.</p
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