The structure of metallic oxide aerosols produced by electric arcs in gases at pressures up to 35 atmospheres

Imperial Users onl

Cavell and the politics of cinema:on Marie Antoinette

This paper examines Stanley Cavell's theories from the perspective of a 'politics of cinema' and engages in a critical reading of Sofia Coppola's 2006 film, Marie Antoinette

Empathic projection in the films of the Dardenne brothers

The analysis of cinematic style in the films of the Dardenne brothers has primarily focused on the combination of realism and ethics. This paper instead focuses on the combination of realist and modernist styles in certain aspects of the Dardennes’ films. The emphasis is on two particular stylistic traits: first, the use of a medium distance two-shot, and second, the use of a back-and-forth handheld camera movement used typically in conversation scenes. These techniques are taken up in relation to what philosopher Stanley Cavell has called ‘empathic projection’, a term recently used by art historian Michael Fried in relation to art and cinema. It is the combination of realist and modernist styles that gives rise to the spectator's projection of empathic feeling onto or into characters in the films of the Dardenne brothers

Chevalier (2015) and the rules of the European game

This article reads Chevalier (2015, Rachel Athina Tsangari) as an allegory of the Greek ‘crisis‘ following the global economic downturn of 2008. This has been a common theme of the recent Greek 'weird wave’, but the article claims that Chevalier offers a somewhat different approach to politics than that offered by other weird wave films. Informed by the writings of political philosopher Etienne Balibar, the article foregrounds notions of the conflict between the individual and the community, especially of the ways in which the actions and decisions of individuals are usurped by external authorities. The article thus argues that the game played by the main characters in Chevalier offers an allegory of the austerity measures imposed on Greece by the European Union in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. Ultimately I argue that Chevalier relates specifically to the conditions of the Greek crisis, but that it also points to the ways in which the European Union, in its current guise, has stifled democracy in favour of a system of rules that limits the possibilities of what Balibar calls reflexive individualism

The influence on unaided vision of age, pupil diameter and spherocylindrical refractive error

Background - The aim was to derive equations for the relationship between unaided vision and age, pupil diameter, iris colour and sphero-cylindrical refractive error. Methods - Data were collected from 663 healthy right eyes of white subjects aged 20 to 70 years. Subjective sphero-cylindrical refractive errors ranged from -6.8 to +9.4 D (mean spherical equivalent), -1.5 to +1.9 D (orthogonal component, J0) and -0.8 to 1.0 D (oblique component, J45). Cylinder axis orientation was orthogonal in 46 per cent of the eyes and oblique in 18 per cent. Unaided vision (-0.3 to +1.3 logMAR), pupil diameter (2.3 to 7.5 mm) and iris colour (67 per cent light/blue irides) was recorded. The sample included mostly females (60 per cent) and many contact lens wearers (42 per cent) and so the influences of these parameters were also investigated. Results - Decision tree analysis showed that sex, iris colour, contact lens wear and cylinder axis orientation did not influence the relationship between unaided vision and refractive error. New equations for the dependence of the minimum angle of resolution on age and pupil diameter arose from step backwards multiple linear regressions carried out separately on the myopes (2.91.scalar vector +0.51.pupil diameter -3.14 ) and hyperopes (1.55.scalar vector + 0.06.age – 3.45 ). Conclusion - The new equations may be useful in simulators designed for teaching purposes as they accounted for 81 per cent (for myopes) and 53 per cent (for hyperopes) of the variance in measured data. In comparison, previously published equations accounted for not more than 76 per cent (for myopes) and 24 per cent (for hyperopes) of the variance depending on whether they included pupil size. The new equations are, as far as is known to the authors, the first to include age. The age-related decline in accommodation is reflected in the equation for hyperopes

Reframing the Overlooked Woman : Sonia Marmeladova in English-language Screen Adaptations of Dostoevsky’s Novel Crime and Punishment

This interdisciplinary PhD thesis explores the depiction of the central female character, Sonia Marmeladova, in several English-language film adaptations of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s classic novel Crime and Punishment. The research incorporates adaptation studies, film studies, Russian studies, and creative writing. The theoretical section of the study closely examines Sonia’s complex character in both the novel and on screen. The practical section involves creating a short film, Transgressing, that transfers the action of the novel to modern-day Britain and makes Sonia the main protagonist. The creative process of adapting Sonia’s character undertaken in the process of this research is critically analysed in the last chapter. The study aims to illuminate the intercultural adaptation process, highlighting the importance of a dialogic approach to creating complex characters and challenging fidelity criticism. The study’s practical implications emphasise the importance of collaboration and creativity in the adaptation process and the ongoing evolution of female characters in screen adaptations. This thesis provides valuable insights into the process of adapting Crime and Punishment for English-language readers and viewers. The thesis suggests further research to broaden the implications of this study and highlights the potential of adaptation to push boundaries, challenge stereotypes, and create unique and nuanced works of art through collaborative and dialogic approaches

Thoracic dysfunction in whiplash-associated disorders::a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BACKGROUND: Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) research has largely focused on the neck, yet symptoms often include other areas. The prevalence of acute thoracic spine pain is reported ~66 %, which is perhaps unsurprising given the mechanism of injury involves a forceful loading/eccentric contraction of posterior thoracic structures such as the trapezius. Many individuals with WAD experience disability and pain beyond normal tissue healing time, termed chronic WAD. With the thoracic spine contributing to neck mobility, and 23 % of individuals complaining of thoracic pain 1 year post injury, it is time to look beyond the neck to fully understand the anatomical dysfunction in WAD. METHODS/DESIGN: A systematic review protocol has been designed and will be reported in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). A sensitive topic-based search strategy is planned from inception to the current date. Databases, grey literature and registers will be searched using terms and keywords derived from a scoping search. Two reviewers will independently search information sources, assess studies for inclusion and extract data. A third reviewer will check for accuracy. Data to be extracted include summary data: sample size and characteristics, timescales to reflect disorder state, patient-reported or performance-based measure and findings. Risk of bias within studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Quantitative meta-analysis approach will be used for homogenous data and where appropriate presented using subgroups. All other results will be presented using narrative summaries. Subgroups will, where possible, be based on patient-reported or performance-based measure of dysfunction and/or stage of condition (acute/sub-acute or chronic). Strength of the overall body of evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). DISCUSSION: This is the first study to bring together evidence of thoracic dysfunction post whiplash and provide new insights into the scope and nature of thoracic dysfunction in WAD. With current management options being largely focused to a primary neck complaint and many patients going to become chronic in their presentations, this review may stimulate research and clinical interest in a largely under investigated, yet anatomically and kinematically related, spinal region. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42015026983. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0201-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users