Curricular Evaluation Using Self-Efficacy Measurements

Self-efficacy measurements have been used in other health-related professions such as nursing and occupational therapy to assess proficiency in disciplinary areas but have not been used extensively in pharmacy education as a method of curricular evaluation. Self-efficacy is a measurement of an individual's confidence in his or her ability to perform a specific task to successful completion. The purpose of this study was to propose a methodology using self-efficacy measurements in curricular evaluation and assessment as well as to provide specific recommendations for potential uses in pharmacy education. The suggested methodology includes item generation, validation, administration, and correlation with behavior. A specific example is provided demonstrating the suggested methodology. Self-efficacy measurement could provide a potentially valuable methodologic framework for assessment and evaluation within pharmacy curricula. Self-efficacy measurements could be used in a wide range of applications

Design and Evaluation of a Dosing Schedule Pictogram for an Elderly Population

Class of 2011 AbstractOBJECTIVES: To design and evaluate a dosing schedule pictogram in an elderly population. To identify possible reasons for misunderstanding of a dosing schedule pictogram and, if appropriate, redesign the pictogram to reflect reasons for misunderstanding. METHODS: Through a modified focus group analysis involving residents of a retirement community in Tucson, Arizona, the understandability of a morning-noon-night color pictogram was assessed. Residents’ interpretation of the pictogram as correct or incorrect was assessed using a decision-tree analysis. The percentage of correct responses was calculated and compared to established pictogram criteria for acceptability. Lastly, potential reasons for misunderstanding were assessed. RESULTS: Thirteen residents, six males and seven females, participated in the study. The rate of correct interpretation was 84.6%, which nearly satisfies the ANSI criterion of 85% correct and far exceeds the ISO criterion of 67% correct. Two participants incorrectly interpreted the pictogram, but their comments, however, indicated good comprehension of time of day. CONCLUSION: The dosing schedule pictogram was correctly interpreted by a majority of study participants satisfying industry standards. Further analysis of this design is warranted.This item is part of the Pharmacy Student Research Projects collection, made available by the College of Pharmacy and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact Jennifer Martin, Librarian and Clinical Instructor, Pharmacy Practice and Science, [email protected]

Digues résistantes à l'érosion par traitement du sol à la chaux

3rd International Conference on Protection against Overtopping, Grange-over-Sands, , 06-/06/2018 - 08/06/2018International audienceLime treatment is a well-known technique of earthworks, for soil improvement and stabilization, its applications are mainly roads, railways, airports and platforms construction. In addition, some positive past experiences of lime treatment were related to solve erosion problems of dispersive and non-cohesive soil in hydraulic structures. The interest of the hydraulic works community regarding this technique is currently growing. During the last decade, the benefits of lime treatment and appropriate application technologies were evidenced for earthworks execution, for the improvement of mechanical properties and stability, high internal and external erosion resistance of treated materials and the possibility to maintain low hydraulic conductivity values. These have been shown in the laboratory and for some properties with full scale experiments. The conferred soil properties can lead to innovative earthfill dams and dikes designs by addressing some of the typ- ical designer's problems, such as stability, watertightness, internal erosion, surface protection and flood control. However, lime treated soil external erosion resistance was still to be quantified in the field for proper designing and dimensioning of lime treated soil external erosion protection or spillways. With this purpose, an experimental earthfill dike was built along the river Vidourle (south of France) in July 2015, in the frame of the French R&D program "DigueELITE". This 50 m long and 3,5 m high dike is made of lime treated silty soil and is provided with sensors (suction, water content and temperature) and piezometer in order to be monitored. It also was tested against surface erosion (JET testing) and real scale overflow testing. The in situ methodology and equipment for assessment of overflow resistance, and the benefits of lime-treatment against overflow are described. Eventually, proposals for dike design perspectives thanks to soil treatment with lime are opened

Digues résistantes à l'érosion par traitement du sol à la chaux

3rd International Conference on Protection against Overtopping, Grange-over-Sands, , 06-/06/2018 - 08/06/2018International audienceLime treatment is a well-known technique of earthworks, for soil improvement and stabilization, its applications are mainly roads, railways, airports and platforms construction. In addition, some positive past experiences of lime treatment were related to solve erosion problems of dispersive and non-cohesive soil in hydraulic structures. The interest of the hydraulic works community regarding this technique is currently growing. During the last decade, the benefits of lime treatment and appropriate application technologies were evidenced for earthworks execution, for the improvement of mechanical properties and stability, high internal and external erosion resistance of treated materials and the possibility to maintain low hydraulic conductivity values. These have been shown in the laboratory and for some properties with full scale experiments. The conferred soil properties can lead to innovative earthfill dams and dikes designs by addressing some of the typ- ical designer's problems, such as stability, watertightness, internal erosion, surface protection and flood control. However, lime treated soil external erosion resistance was still to be quantified in the field for proper designing and dimensioning of lime treated soil external erosion protection or spillways. With this purpose, an experimental earthfill dike was built along the river Vidourle (south of France) in July 2015, in the frame of the French R&D program "DigueELITE". This 50 m long and 3,5 m high dike is made of lime treated silty soil and is provided with sensors (suction, water content and temperature) and piezometer in order to be monitored. It also was tested against surface erosion (JET testing) and real scale overflow testing. The in situ methodology and equipment for assessment of overflow resistance, and the benefits of lime-treatment against overflow are described. Eventually, proposals for dike design perspectives thanks to soil treatment with lime are opened

Erosion resistant dikes thanks to soil treatment with lime

Lime treatment is a well-known technique of earthworks, for soil improvement and stabilization, its applications are mainly roads, railways, airports and platforms construction. In addition, some positive past experiences of lime treatment were related to solve erosion problems of dispersive and non-cohesive soil in hydraulic structures. The interest of the hydraulic works community regarding this technique is currently growing. During the last decade, the benefits of lime treatment and appropriate application technologies were evidenced for earthworks execution, for the improvement of mechanical properties and stability, high internal and external erosion resistance of treated materials and the possibility to maintain low hydraulic conductivity values. These have been shown in the laboratory and for some properties with full scale experiments. The conferred soil properties can lead to innovative earthfill dams and dikes designs by addressing some of the typical designer’s problems, such as stability, watertightness, internal erosion, surface protection and flood control. However, lime treated soil external erosion resistance was still to be quantified in the field for proper designing and dimensioning of lime treated soil external erosion protection or spillways. With this purpose, an experimental earthfill dike was built along the river Vidourle (south of France) in July 2015, in the frame of the French R&D program “DigueELITE”. This 50 m long and 3,5 m high dike is made of lime treated silty soil and is provided with sensors (suction, water content and temperature) and piezometer in order to be monitored. It also was tested against surface erosion (JET testing) and real scale overflow testing. The in situ methodology and equipment for assessment of overflow resistance, and the benefits of lime-treatment against overflow are described. Eventually, proposals for dike design perspectives thanks to soil treatment with lime are opened

Tronçons de digue résistant à la surverse : quantification de la résistance à l'érosion interne et à l'érosion de surface dans le cadre du projet DigueELITE

Colloque SHF/CFBR "Hydraulique des barrages et des digues", Chambéry, FRA, 29-/11/2017 - 30/11/2017National audienceKnowledge about flood protection dike is under continuous development. French R&D project DigueELITE aims to develop state of the art flood protection dikes making innovative use of lime treatment of soil. Structural components of different dike stretches may be distinguished by their geotechnical, hydraulic of structural role. The components may have to satisfy different functions in the hydraulic structure. Six functions are proposed by DigueELITE : 1) workability, 2) stability, 3) ability to retain water, 4) resistance to internal erosion, 5) surface protection, 6) evacuation (spillway). It is mandatory to assess material's ability to satisfy one ore more functions. Amongst other goals, DigueELITE aims to study both internal and external erosion resistance (function 4 to 6) of lime treated soil, in one single project unlike many other researches about the same topic, in order to get a comprehensive understanding of lime treated soil behaviour under hydraulic stress. Therefore, an experimental dike has been built along Vidourle River (south of France) in summer 2015. The dike is about 50 m long and 3,5 m high. The dike This paper summarizes the process of internal and external erosion testing and results obtained with two innovative test devices: laboratory test of internal erosion under turbulent flow, and in situ surface erosion test under free surface flow with steep slope. The paper concludes with some design optimizations and innovations made possible by the remarkable performance of lime treated soil.Une digue fluviale de protection est un ouvrage linéaire, en surélévation par rapport au TN, faisant partie d'un système de protection contre les inondations de cours d'eau. L'état de l'art actuel concernant les digues est en pleine évolution. Le projet de recherche DigueELITE s'inscrit dans cette dynamique, avec un angle résolument « matériau » focalisé sur l'utilisation innovante du sol traité à la chaux. Les composants structurels des différents tronçons de digues se définissent par leurs fonctions géotechniques, hydrauliques ou structurelles. Selon le rôle qu'on veut lui faire jouer dans l'ouvrage hydraulique, le composant peut satisfaire aux exigences propres de différentes fonctions. Six fonctions sont proposées par DigueELITE: 1) maniabilité à la mise en oeuvre, 2) stabilité mécanique, 3) étanchéité (liée à la perméabilité), 4) résistance à l'érosion interne, 5) résistance à l'érosion de surface par surverse, 6) évacuation (déversoir). Il est capital de quantifier la capacité du matériau à satisfaire une ou plusieurs fonctions. Afin d'étudier de manière unifiée la résistance du matériau sol traité à la chaux aux sollicitations hydrauliques internes et externes, une digue expérimentale en remblai a été construite le long de la rivière Vidourle en juillet 2015, dans le cadre du projet DigueELITE, de 50 m de long et 3,5 m de haut. Cette communication synthétise la méthodologie déployée et les résultats obtenus avec deux appareillages innovants : la simulation au laboratoire de l'érosion interne sous écoulement turbulent, et la simulation in situ de l'érosion de surface sous écoulement à surface libre sur forte pente. La communication conclut sur les perspectives offertes au concepteur par l'utilisation des performances remarquables du sol traité à la chaux