B593: Handling and Processing Broilers in Maine: Part II—Quality Losses in Live Broilers, and Methods of Handling to Reduce Bruising and to Improve Efficiency

The time spent in getting broilers from the farm to the processing plant is a brief interval, yet it is during this period that most bruising occurs. Bruising lowers the quality of birds. This study from 1960 looks at the cause and amount of quality losses in broilers when they are moved from the farm to the plant; devises methods of reducing quality losses and improving labor efficiency, and evaluates the economic significance of these methods.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_bulletin/1045/thumbnail.jp

Nanometer-scale GaAs clusters from organometallic precursors

We report the synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters by homogeneous vapor-phase nucleation from organometallic precursors. Cluster synthesis is performed in a hot wall organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy reactor at atmospheric pressure. High resolution transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that the aerosol produced is composed of highly faceted single crystal GaAs particles in the 10–20 nm range. The influence of growth temperature and reactant concentration on cluster morphology is discussed

Vapor phase synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters

We report the synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters in the 5-10 nm size regime. The clusters are formed by the homogeneous nucleation of a nonequilibrium vapor created by the explosive vaporization of a bulk GaAs sample in an inert atmosphere. High resolution electron microscopy and diffraction show that the clusters have zincblende crystal structure and are faceted. Optical measurements on the particles are suggestive of quantum confinement effects

Synthesis of luminescent silicon clusters by spark ablation

The synthesis of luminescent nanometer-scale Si clusters by spark ablation from a crystalline Si substrate is described. The cluster source, described in the text, generates clusters in a flowing Ar stream at atmospheric pressure. Electron microscopy reveals that the clusters have diameters in the 2-4 nm size range. The luminescence spectra of the clusters, similar to that of porous Si, are presented

Parasites of the invasive tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus: evidence for co-introduction

Reduced parasite species diversity and infection intensity on invasive populations can facilitate establishment and spread of invasive species. We investigated the parasite diversity of invasive populations of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus from published literature and necropsies conducted on 72 fish captured in the Ross River, north Queensland, Australia. The parasite diversity of invasive O. mossambicus from 13 countries was compared to published reports on endemic populations in African river systems and tributaries to determine parasite species that had likely been co-introduced. In total, four parasite species were shared between native and invasive tilapia. We propose that these parasites (three monogeneans, Cichlidogyrus tilapiae Paperna, 1960, Cichlidogyrus sclerosus Paperna and Thurston, 1969, Cichlidogyrus halli (Price and Kirk, 1967) and one trichodinid Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977) have likely been co-introduced with invasive Oreochromis mossambicus populations. Invasive Australian O. mossambicus had substantially reduced parasite diversity (five species) compared to cumulative parasite species diversity documented from the native region (23 species). Australian O. mossambicus were infected by two co-introduced parasites and three additional parasite species that have not been recorded previously on this species in Africa indicating possible parasite "spillback" from Australian natives or alternatively, acquisition from other introduced fauna. The substantially reduced parasite diversity on invasive Australian O. mossambicus could contribute to the ability of this species to become a serious fish pest

Acute Sedentary Behaviour and Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies

North Americans spend half their waking hours engaging in sedentary behaviour. Although several recent interventions suggest that short bouts of uninterrupted sedentary behaviour may result in acute increases in cardiometabolic risk, this literature has not been reviewed systematically. This study performed a systematic review of the impact of uninterrupted sedentary behaviour lasting ≤7 days on markers of cardiometabolic risk (insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and fasting insulin, glucose, and lipid levels) in humans. Interventions were identified through systematic searches of Medline and Embase and screened by 2 independent reviewers. A total of 25 interventions were identified that examined the impact of imposed sedentary behaviour on biomarkers of interest. The majority of these studies focused on healthy young men, with very little identified research on females or other age groups. We found consistent, moderate quality evidence that uninterrupted sedentary behaviour ≤7 days results in moderate and deleterious changes in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and plasma triglyceride levels. In contrast, there is inconsistent, very low-quality evidence linking uninterrupted sedentary behaviour with changes in insulin, glucose, and HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels. These findings suggest that uninterrupted bouts of sedentary behaviour should be avoided in order to prevent or attenuate transient increases in metabolic risk

The headgroup orientation of dimyristoylphosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate in mixed lipid bilayers: a neutron diffraction study

AbstractThe trisodium salt of dimyristoylphosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (DMPI-4P) has been synthesised specifically deuterated at particular sites in the headgroup. These materials have been used in neutron diffraction experiments, which successfully located the position (depth) of each of these deuterated sites to within ±0.5 Å in a mixed model membrane (a 1:1 molar mixture of DMPI-4P with dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine, DMPC, in the Lα phase, hydrated to the level of 28 water molecules per lipid molecule). The diffracted intensities were measured at four different D2O/H2O ratios and six orders of diffraction were obtained. These data sets, in conjunction with computer modelling, have been used to determine the orientation of the inositol ring of DMPI-4P, localising each vertical H–H distance to within approximately ±0.03 Å. The orientation of the inositol ring is found to be one in which the C5 hydroxyl is extended out into the aqueous medium. This is, therefore, the most accessible site for water-borne reagents. This may be significant for the important pathway leading from PI-4P to PI-4,5P2. On the assumption that the P/ODAG bond is orientated parallel to the bilayer normal, these results are consistent with two possible conformations for the portion of the headgroup connecting the diacylglycerol to the inositol ring. Distinction between these two is difficult, but one may be favoured since the other involves close atom–atom contacts

Clinical assessment, investigation, diagnosis and initial management of cerebral visual impairment: a consensus practice guide

Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is a common condition in the UK. Patients with conditions associated with CVI are frequently seen in paediatric ophthalmology clinics offering eye care professionals an opportunity to identify children proactively. In most cases CVI occurs as part of a neurodevelopmental condition or as a feature of multiple and complex disabilities. However, CVI can also be seen in children with apparently typical development. In some cases, high contrast visual acuity is normal and in other cases severely impaired. As such, identification of CVI requires evaluation of aspects of visual performance beyond high contrast acuity and consideration that visual function of those with CVI may fluctuate. Few paediatric ophthalmologists have received formal training in CVI. The detection and diagnosis of CVI varies across the UK and patients report hugely different experiences. A diagnosis of CVI is made based on professional clinical judgement and it is recognised that individual perspectives and local practice in the specific methodologies of assessment will vary. A systematic review and survey of professionals is underway to attempt to reach agreement on diagnostic criteria. Nonetheless, established pathways and published protocols can offer guidance on how a paediatric ophthalmology service can approach assessment of the child with suspected CVI. The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of research and clinical practice methods for detecting and diagnosing CVI in a paediatric ophthalmology outpatient setting. It represents current understanding of the topic and acknowledges the evolving nature of both practice and the evidence-base. A rapid literature review was undertaken to identify articles relating to clinical investigation of children with CVI. A focus group of QTVI and subject matter experts from sight loss charities was undertaken to address areas which were not covered by the literature review

How Shall We Manage Our Journals in the Future? A Discussion of Richard T. Watson\u27s Proposals at ICIS 2004

Journals are the lifeblood of all academic professions, including information systems. At the 2004 International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), Rick Watson, then President of the Association for Information Systems (AIS), presented proposals for improving IS journal management that included accrediting reviewers, creating a market for journal articles, and moving our journals to the next level of Internet sophistication. This paper reports on a panel of journal editors convened at ICIS 2005 to discuss the Watson proposals and their implications. The editors were those of the Journal of the Association for Information Systems, the Journal of MIS, and Management Information Systems Quarterly in the United States and the Journal of Information and Technology in the United Kingdom. The paper presents their views and a reply by Watson

Patterns of satellite tagged hen harrier disappearances suggest widespread illegal killing on British grouse moors

Natural England commenced a Hen Harrier Recovery Project in 2002. This tracking study was funded exclusively by Natural England and is part of their on-going work on hen harrier conservation. We thank Hamish Smith and staff at the Hawk and Owl Trust for contributing data from four hen harriers they have tracked. We are grateful for the time of many volunteers in the field who monitored and searched for harriers: Pat Martin, Gavin Craggs, Pete Davies, Derek Hayward, Martin Davison, Mick Carroll, Paul Howarth, Ian Thomson, and Elsie Ashworth. We thank Judith Smith and Phil Skinner for sponsoring tags. Also we would like to thank the Wildlife Crime Officers in Lancashire, Yorkshire, Co Durham and Northumberland for their assistance. Thanks also to Jeremy Wilson and Pat Thompson for useful comments on this manuscript. We are grateful to staff at Microwave Telemetry Inc. and CLS France for data archiving. The complete data sets analysed in this study are not publicly available due to the sensitivity of the locational data but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request and with permission of Natural England. The source data for Figs. 1 and 2 have been provided as a Source Data file.Peer reviewedPublisher PD