Elements of latent learning in a maze environment

A general purpose learning program is described which demonstrates a latent learning ability by operating at two separate goal pursuit levels. At one level are the constant, implicit goals associated with the system's memory management mechanisms. At the higher level are the dynamic, explicit behavioral goals which the implicit goals enable by manipulating memory representations to conform to the external surroundings. The program is shown to negotiate a simulated maze environment by the step-wise refinement of its latently learned experiences

Deposit Insurance in Theory and Practice

Bank stability and systemic stability are old issues in banking. There have been many financial crises in economic history, and the painful consequences of those crises have again and again raised questions concerning how to avoid them and how to protect depositors against losses.

Learning and memory in machines and animals : an AI model that accounts for some neurobiological data

The CEL model of learning and memory (Components of Episodic Learning) [Granger 1982, 1983a, 1983b] provides a process model of certain aspects of learning and memory in animals and humans. The model consists of a set of asynchronous and semi-independent functional operators that collectively create and modify memory traces as a result of experience. The model conforms to relevant results in the learning literature of psychology and neurobiology. There are two goals to this work: one is to create a set of working learning systems that will improve their performance on the basis of experience, and the other is to compare these systems' performance with that of living systems, as a step towards the eventual comparative characterizations of different learning systems.Parts of the model have been implemented in the CEL-0 program, which operates in a 'Maze-World' simulated maze environment. The program exhibits simple exploratory behavior that leads to the acquisition of predictive and discriminatory schemata. A number of interesting theoretical predictions have arisen in part from observation of the operation of the program, some of which are currently being tested in neurobiological experiments. In particular, some neurobiological evidence for the existence of multiple, seperable memory systems in humans and animals is interpreted in terms of the model, and some new experiments are suggested arising from the model's predictions

Using edit distance to analyse errors in a natural language to logic translation corpus

We have assembled a large corpus of student submissions to an automatic grading system, where the subject matter involves the translation of natural language sentences into propositional logic. Of the 2.3 million translation instances in the corpus, 286,000 (approximately 12%) are categorized as being in error. We want to understand the nature of the errors that students make, so that we can develop tools and supporting infrastructure that help students with the problems that these errors represent. With this aim in mind, this paper describes an analysis of a significant proportion of the data, using edit distance between incorrect answers and their corresponding correct solutions, and the associated edit sequences, as a means of organising the data and detecting categories of errors. We demonstrate that a large proportion of errors can be accounted for by means of a small number of relatively simple error types, and that the method draws attention to interesting phenomena in the data set

Applications and requirements for real-time simulators in ground-test facilities

This report relates simulator functions and capabilities to the operation of ground test facilities, in general. The potential benefits of having a simulator are described to aid in the selection of desired applications for a specific facility. Configuration options for integrating a simulator into the facility control system are discussed, and a logical approach to configuration selection based on desired applications is presented. The functional and data path requirements to support selected applications and configurations are defined. Finally, practical considerations for implementation (i.e., available hardware and costs) are discussed