Pivotal Study of Endovenous Stent Placement for Symptomatic Iliofemoral Venous Obstruction.

BACKGROUND: Chronic venous insufficiency is characterized by inadequate venous return from the lower extremities, which may arise from intravenous obstruction after deep vein thrombosis or from extrinsic venous compression. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of a dedicated endovenous stent for symptomatic iliofemoral venous obstruction. METHODS: The VIRTUS trial (VIRTUS Safety and Efficacy of the Veniti Vici Venous Stent System [Veniti, Inc] When Used to Treat Clinically Significant Chronic Non-Malignant Obstruction of the Iliofemoral Venous Segment) was a prospective, international, single-arm, pivotal study of endovenous stent placement in patients with symptomatic iliofemoral venous obstruction. Patients included those with ≥50% obstruction on venography and Clinical, Etiology, Anatomic, Pathophysiology clinical classification ≥3, or at least moderate leg pain with a Venous Clinical Severity Score of 2 or greater. All patients were treated with a self-expanding nitinol stent developed for dedicated use in the venous system (Vici Venous Stent System, Veniti, Inc/Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA). Patients returned for clinical and imaging follow-up visits at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year. The primary safety outcome was freedom from major adverse events at 30 days. The primary effectiveness outcome was venographic primary patency at 1-year. Adverse events were adjudicated by a Clinical Events Committee, and all imaging including venograms, intravascular ultrasound, and Doppler examinations were assessed by respective core laboratories. RESULTS: Between March 2015 and November 2016, 170 patients (127 chronic post-thrombotic, mean age 54 years, 56.4% female) at 22 sites underwent endovenous stent placement. Mean diameter stenosis was 78%, with 31.2% total occlusions. Mean lesion length was 111.3 mm, range 10 to 260 mm (mean 125.3 mm for post-thrombotic patients and 70.2 mm for nonthrombotic patients). Freedom from a major adverse event through 30 days was 98.8%. The 1-year primary patency rate for the entire group was 84.0%. Venographic patency rates for the nonthrombotic and chronic post-thrombotic groups were 96.2% and 79.8%, respectively. At 12 months, 64% (85/132) of patients demonstrated at least a 3-point reduction in Venous Clinical Severity Score. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve-month safety and effectiveness were demonstrated with the use of a dedicated venous stent to treat symptomatic iliofemoral venous obstructions, with reductions in clinical symptoms and improvements in quality of life, through 1-year follow-up. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02112877

Supplementary Table 1 -Supplemental material for A multicenter, prospective, single arm, open label, observational study of sTMS for migraine prevention (ESPOUSE Study)

<p>Supplemental material, Supplementary Table 1 for A multicenter, prospective, single arm, open label, observational study of sTMS for migraine prevention (ESPOUSE Study) by Amaal J Starling, Stewart J Tepper, Michael J Marmura, Ejaz A Shamim, Matthew S Robbins, Nada Hindiyeh, Andrew C Charles, Peter J Goadsby, Richard B Lipton, Stephen D Silberstein, Amy A Gelfand, Richard P Chiacchierini and David W Dodick in Cephalalgia</p

Supplementary Table 2 -Supplemental material for A multicenter, prospective, single arm, open label, observational study of sTMS for migraine prevention (ESPOUSE Study)

<p>Supplemental material, Supplementary Table 2 for A multicenter, prospective, single arm, open label, observational study of sTMS for migraine prevention (ESPOUSE Study) by Amaal J Starling, Stewart J Tepper, Michael J Marmura, Ejaz A Shamim, Matthew S Robbins, Nada Hindiyeh, Andrew C Charles, Peter J Goadsby, Richard B Lipton, Stephen D Silberstein, Amy A Gelfand, Richard P Chiacchierini and David W Dodick in Cephalalgia</p

Effect of general anaesthesia on functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation ischaemic stroke having endovascular thrombectomy versus standard care: a meta-analysis of individual patient data

Background: General anaesthesia (GA) during endovascular thrombectomy has been associated with worse patient outcomes in observational studies compared with patients treated without GA. We assessed functional outcome in ischaemic stroke patients with large vessel anterior circulation occlusion undergoing endovascular thrombectomy under GA, versus thrombectomy not under GA (with or without sedation) versus standard care (ie, no thrombectomy), stratified by the use of GA versus standard care. Methods: For this meta-analysis, patient-level data were pooled from all patients included in randomised trials in PuMed published between Jan 1, 2010, and May 31, 2017, that compared endovascular thrombectomy predominantly done with stent retrievers with standard care in anterior circulation ischaemic stroke patients (HERMES Collaboration). The primary outcome was functional outcome assessed by ordinal analysis of the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 days in the GA and non-GA subgroups of patients treated with endovascular therapy versus those patients treated with standard care, adjusted for baseline prognostic variables. To account for between-trial variance we used mixed-effects modelling with a random effect for trials incorporated in all models. Bias was assessed using the Cochrane method. The meta-analysis was prospectively designed, but not registered. Findings: Seven trials were identified by our search; of 1764 patients included in these trials, 871 were allocated to endovascular thrombectomy and 893 were assigned standard care. After exclusion of 74 patients (72 did not undergo the procedure and two had missing data on anaesthetic strategy), 236 (30%) of 797 patients who had endovascular procedures were treated under GA. At baseline, patients receiving GA were younger and had a shorter delay between stroke onset and randomisation but they had similar pre-treatment clinical severity compared with patients who did not have GA. Endovascular thrombectomy improved functional outcome at 3 months both in patients who had GA (adjusted common odds ratio (cOR) 1·52, 95% CI 1·09–2·11, p=0·014) and in those who did not have GA (adjusted cOR 2·33, 95% CI 1·75–3·10, p&lt;0·0001) versus standard care. However, outcomes were significantly better for patients who did not receive GA versus those who received GA (covariate-adjusted cOR 1·53, 95% CI 1·14–2·04, p=0·0044). The risk of bias and variability between studies was assessed to be low. Interpretation: Worse outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy were associated with GA, after adjustment for baseline prognostic variables. These data support avoidance of GA whenever possible. The procedure did, however, remain effective versus standard care in patients treated under GA, indicating that treatment should not be withheld in those who require anaesthesia for medical reasons