Improved sugar yields from biomass sorghum feedstocks: comparing low-lignin mutants and pretreatment chemistries

Additional file 4. R script to calculate overall sugar yields from ASE350 optimal temperature data using NU method

Caractérisation de la composition chimique et de la valeur de l'épeautre (Triticum spelta) en alimentation des ruminants

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Quantitative and qualitative study of spelt and wheat fibers in varying milling fractions

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Structural Carbohydrates in a Plant Biomass: Correlations between the Detergent Fiber and Dietary Fiber Methods

We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. A good linear correlation was found between both methods. Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method,on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan,hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes

Composition of structural carbohydrates in biomass: Precision of a method using a neutral detergent extraction and a charged aerosol detector

We adapted and optimized a method to quantify the cellulose, hemicellulose, xylan, arabinan, mannan, galactan contents in lignocellulosic biomass. This method is based on a neutral detergent extraction (NDE) of the interfering biomass components, followed by a sulfuric acid hydrolysis (SAH) of the structural polysaccharides, and a liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection (LC-CAD) to analyze the released monosaccharides. The first step of this NDE-SAH-LC-CAD method aims at removing all compounds that interfere with the subsequent sulphuric acid hydrolysis or with the subsequent chromatographic quantification of the cellulosic and hemicellulosic monosaccharides. This step includes starch hydrolysis with an analytical thermostable α-amylase followed by an extraction of soluble compounds by a Van Soest neutral detergent solution (NDE). The aim of this paper was to assess the precision of this method when choosing fiber sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as representative lignocellulosic biomass. The cellulose content of fiber sorghum, tall fescue and fiber hemp determined by the NDE-SAH-LC-CAD method were 28.7 ± 1.0, 29.7 ± 1.0 and 43.6 ± 1.2 g/100 g dry matter, respectively, and their hemicellulose content were 18.6 ± 0.5, 16.5 ± 0.5 and 14.5 ± 0.2 g/100 g dry matter, respectively. Cellulose, mannan and galactan contents were higher in fiber hemp (dicotyledon) as compared to tall fescue and fiber sorghum (monocotyledons). The xylan, arabinan and total hemicellulose contents were higher in tall fescue and fiber sorghum as compared to fiber hemp. The precision of the NDE-SAH-LC-CAD method was better for polysaccharide concentration levels above 1 g/100 g dry matter. Galactan analysis offered a lower precision, due to a lower CAD response intensity to galactose as compared to the other monosaccharides. The dispersions of the results (expanded uncertainty) of the NDE-SAH-LC-CAD method were smaller as compared to the Van Soest (VS) method. In addition, the NDE-SAH-LC-CAD method was able to provide additional information on the composition of the hemicellulose (xylan, arabinan, mannan and galactan content) that is not provided by the Van Soest method. The NDE-SAH-LC-CAD method offers also the advantage of a better specificity for hemicellulose and cellulose, as compared to the NREL and Uppsala methods

Lignin in plant biomasses: comparative metrological assessment of the detergent fiber and the insoluble dietary fiber methods

The detergent fiber and the insoluble dietary fiber methods were compared to quantitate lignin in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomasses. This comparison was based on the precision of these methods and on the correlation between these methods. The present study showed that the insoluble dietary fiber method was more reliable to quantitate lignin because of its higher precision and smaller bias, as compared to the detergent fiber method. Nevertheless, the less tedious and resource consuming detergent fiber method can reliably be used to predict the results of the insoluble dietary fiber method with the correction factors determined in this paper. These correction factors of commelinid biomasses are distinctive of those of non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomasses. The lignin content should be corrected for protein-like compounds, otherwise lignin is significantly overestimated. Owing to these correction factors, the biofuel (e.g. cellulosic ethanol and biomethanation production), bio-based chemicals and feed sectors can use the detergent fiber method to rapidly and reliably estimate the available amounts of lignin of plant biomasses and rank them according to their suitability to be converted based on their lignin content

Quantification and visualization of dietary fibre components in spelt and wheat kernels

This study was undertaken to determine contents and structural characteristics of arabinoxylan (AX), fructan and β-glucan in 28 spelt accessions, and to compare them with those of dietary fibre components in 11 wheat accessions. In addition, microscopic visualization of AX and β-glucan distribution in a selection of these accessions was performed. On average, wheat contained more total AX (TOT-AX; 6.90 versus 5.74%) and water-extractable AX (WE-AX; 0.71 versus 0.59%) than spelt. The overall arabinose to xylose ratio (A/X; 0.72 for wheat and 0.71 for spelt) was similar for both subspecies, but that of water extractable material was higher for spelt than for wheat (1.25 versus 0.97). Fructan content and degree of polymerization (DP) were lower in spelt than in wheat (fructan content; 1.29% versus 1.53% and DP; 3.3 versus 4.5). β-glucan content was similar for both subspecies (0.54% for spelt and 0.51% for wheat). In the spelt accessions, the contents of the different fibre components significantly differed (up to 74% difference) between accessions and countries of origin, but were not affected by accession status and bread making quality. Microscopic visualizations showed that the two subspecies are very similar in terms of dietary fibre distribution over the kernel cell walls.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Quantification and visualization of dietary fibre components in spelt and wheat kernels journaltitle: Journal of Cereal Science articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2015.01.003 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.status: publishe