War, Peace, and Society in the 1980\u27s a Historian;s View

History, it is said, stops with the present. Because historical methodology depends on the use of written records and related evidence, and because there are no records of the future, the historical process was long considered only as one in which an infinite variety of factors, some of them unmeasurable and others unforeseeable, and all liable to be affected by human free-will intervention or by chance, created a future that was inevitably unique and discrete, and therefore unpredictable

Dexterity: An Indicator of Future Performance in Beginning Welders?

This study examined the use of dexterity to indicate future performance of beginning welders to select participants for welding training programs. With a high demand for welders, it is imperative that welding training programs be efficient, which can be time consuming (Stone, Watts, & Zhong, 2011). The time required to train certified welders is one of the obstacles training programs face. Many occupational fields have tried to predict a student’s future performance before admitting them into a training program by analyzing their dexterous ability. This study utilized the Complete Minnesota Dexterity Test (CMDT) to examine participants’ dexterity during a welding training program. At the end of the training program, participants performed tests welds that were overseen by a certified welding instructor (CWI) who visually inspected each weld. The data from the dexterity tests and the pass/fail rate of the test welds were analyzed using Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW) Statistics 18 software package. All three dexterity tests were found to have statistically significant relationships with the visual pass/fail rates of the participants for basic shielded metal arc welds (SMAW). It can be concluded that dexterity can predict future performance of beginning welders completing basic SMAW welds

Reducing Beginning Welders’ Anxiety by Integrating Virtual Reality Simulations

This study examined the use of virtual reality to reduce the anxiety of individuals in a welding training program. Byrd and Anderson (2012) posited that with the need for welders finding a more efficient way of training has become a necessity. With the multiple safety concerns related to the welding profession numerous triggers of anxiety are present. This study utilized the VRTEX® 360 virtual reality welding simulator to examine if virtual reality could reduce anxiety in welders. Several training programs were utilized that integrated the virtual reality welding simulator. Researchers recorded anxiety related measures by utilizing a BioHarness® data logger system. Live readings were recorded via the BioHarness® and a laptop. The measures that were collected related to anxiety included heart rate, respiration rate, body temperature, and pulse. Participants were also video recorded during the completion of test welds to help aid in identifying triggers of anxiety during the welding process. It can be concluded that all participants experienced anxiety during the completion of test welds and it affected the ability to produce a passing weldment. This implies that if industry can reduce the amount of anxiety trainees would experience it may lead to a higher percentage of welding certifications

Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Grant County, Kentucky

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock

AVALIANDO JULGAMENTOS NÃO VERBAIS DE IGUALDADE/DIFERENÇA ENTRE ESTÍMULOS AUDITIVOS EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DEFICIÊNCIAS INTELECTUAIS: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO METODOLÓGICA

This methodological paper reports an initial attempt to evaluate the feasibility and utility of a nonverbal task for assessing generalized same/different judgments of auditory stimuli in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Study 1 asked whether participants could readily acquire a baseline of auditory same/different, go-left/go-right performance with minimal prompting. Sample stimuli consisted of pairs of successively presented sine-wave tones. If the tones were identical, selections of a visual stimulus on the left side of the computer screen were reinforced. If the tones were different, selections of a visual stimulus on the right side of the computer screen were reinforced. Two of five participants readily acquired the task, generalized performance to other stimuli, and completed a rudimentary protocol for examining auditory discriminations that are potentially more difficult than those used to establish the initial task. In Study 2, two participants who could not perform the “go-left/go-right” task with tone stimuli, but could do so with spoken-word stimuli, successfully transferred control by spoken words to tones via an auditory superimposition-and-fading procedure. The findings support the feasibility of using the task as a general-purpose auditory discrimination assessment.Keywords: auditory discrimination, go-left/go-right, intellectual disabilities, matching to sample, superimposition and fading.O presente artigo metodológico relata uma tentativa inicial de avaliar a viabilidade e a utilidade de uma tarefa não verbal para avaliar o julgamento generalizado de igualdade/diferença entre estímulos auditivos em indivíduos com deficiências intelectuais. O Estudo 1 investigou se os participantes poderiam prontamente adquirir uma linha de base de desempenho discriminativo de igualdade/diferença, em tarefa de “go-left/go-right” (responder à esquerda/responder à direita) com ajuda mínima. Os estímulos-modelo consistiam em pares de sons de frequência única apresentados sucessivamente. Se os sons fossem idênticos, seleções de um estímulo visual no lado esquerdo da tela do computador eram reforçadas. Se os sons fossem diferentes, seleções de um estímulo visual no lado direito da tela do computador eram reforçadas. Dois dos cinco participantes aprenderam prontamente a tarefa, generalizaram o desempenho para outros estímulos e completaram um protocolo rudimentar para avaliar discriminações auditivas que são potencialmente mais difíceis do que aquelas usadas para estabelecer a tarefa inicial. No Estudo 2, dois participantes que não puderam desempenhar a tarefa “go-left/go-right” com os sons de única frequência, mas puderam fazê-lo com palavras faladas como estímulos, transferiram com sucesso o controle das palavras faladas para os sons via um procedimento de esmaecimento e sobreposição de estímulos auditivos. Os achados apoiam a viabilidade de se usar a tarefa como uma avaliação de discriminação auditiva em geral. Palavras-chave: discriminação auditiva, procedimento de resposta à esquerda/resposta à direita, deficiência intelectual, emparelhamento ao modelo, sobreposição e esmaecimento

Book Reviews

Reviews of the following books: The Letters of Thomas Gorges, Deputy Governor of the Province of Maine, 1640-1643, edited by Robert E. Moody; Maine Resources: Printed and Non-Printed compiled by Walter J. Taranko and Dorothy A. Gregory; Barrels and Daring by Patrick C. Dowling; The Landing: A Remembrance of Her People and Shipyards by Thomas W. Murphy, Jr

ESR spectra of PF_2 and SF_3 radicals

[No abstract

Analysis of Dislocation Mechanism for Melting of Elements: Pressure Dependence

In the framework of melting as a dislocation-mediated phase transition we derive an equation for the pressure dependence of the melting temperatures of the elements valid up to pressures of order their ambient bulk moduli. Melting curves are calculated for Al, Mg, Ni, Pb, the iron group (Fe, Ru, Os), the chromium group (Cr, Mo, W), the copper group (Cu, Ag, Au), noble gases (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn), and six actinides (Am, Cm, Np, Pa, Th, U). These calculated melting curves are in good agreement with existing data. We also discuss the apparent equivalence of our melting relation and the Lindemann criterion, and the lack of the rigorous proof of their equivalence. We show that the would-be mathematical equivalence of both formulas must manifest itself in a new relation between the Gr\"{u}neisen constant, bulk and shear moduli, and the pressure derivative of the shear modulus.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX, 9 eps figure