The Diagnosis and Treatment of Carcinoma of the Thyroid

The major point I would like to make is that we should try to prevent thyroid carcinoma by administration of thyroid hormones to all patients with potentially high TSH and damaged-thyroid disease, using suppressive doses of levothyroxine. In my opinion, all patients who have thyroid disease should be treated with thyroid hormone indefinitely, once hyperthyroidism has been eliminated

Totally Nonnegative (0, 1)-Matrices

We investigate (0, 1)-matrices which are totally nonnegative and therefore which have all of their eigenvalues equal to nonnegative real numbers. Such matrices are characterized by four forbidden submatrices (of orders 2 and 3). We show that the maximum number of 0s in an irreducible (0, 1)-matrix of order n is (n − 1)2 and characterize those matrices with this number of 0s. We also show that the minimum Perron value of an irreducible, totally nonnegative (0, 1)-matrix of order n equals 2 + 2 cos (2∏/n+2) and characterize those matrices with this Perron value

Cycle O (CY 1991) NLS trade studies and analyses, book 2. Part 1: Avionics and systems

An assessment was conducted to determine the maximum LH2 tank stretch capability based on the constraints of the manufacturing, tooling and facilities at the Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, Louisiana. The maximum tank stretch was determined to be 5 ft. with minor or no modifications, a stretch of 11 ft. with some possible facility modifications and beyond 11 ft. significant new facilities are required. A cost analysis was performed to evaluate the impacts for various stretch lengths. Tasks that were defined to perform trades and studies regarding the best approach to meet requirements for the National Launch System Avionics are also discussed

Large igneous provinces track fluctuations in subaerial exposure of continents across the Archean–Proterozoic transition

Geological observations and numerical models imply that Archean continents were mostly submarine. In contrast, approximately one third of modern earth's surface area consists of subaerial continental crust. To temporally constrain changes in the subaerial exposure of continents, we evaluate the eruptive environment (submarine vs subaerial) of 3.4–2.0 Ga continental large igneous provinces (LIPs). Our results indicate that up until 2.4 Ga LIPs predominantly erupted onto submerged continents. This period of low freeboard was punctuated by local subaerial eruptions at 2.8–2.7 Ga and 2.5 Ga. From 2.4 Ga–2.2 Ga, extensive subaerial continental volcanism is recorded in six different cratons, supporting widespread subaerial continents at this time. An increase in exposed continental crust significantly impacts atmospheric and oceanic geochemical cycles and the supply of nutrients for marine bioproductivity. Thus, the 2.4–2.2 Ga high-freeboard conditions may have triggered the earliest global glaciation event and the first significant rise of atmospheric oxygen

Sustainable wildlife extraction and the impacts of socio-economic change among the Kukama-Kukamilla people of the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Peru

Throughout the tropics, hunting and fishing are critical livelihood activities for many Indigenous peoples. However, these practices may not be sustainable following recent socio-economic changes in Indigenous populations. To understand how human population growth and increased market integration affect hunting and fishing patterns, we conducted semi-structured interviews in five Kukama-Kukamilla communities living along the boundary of the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, in the Peruvian Amazon. Extrapolated annual harvest rates of fish and game species by these communities amounted to 1,740 t and 4,275 individuals (67 t), respectively. At least 23 fish and 27 game species were harvested. We found a positive correlation between village size and annual community-level harvest rates of fish and a negative relationship between market exposure and mean per-capita harvest rates of fish. Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) analyses indicated local depletion of fish populations around larger, more commercial communities. Catch-per-unit-effort of fish was lower in more commercial communities and fishers from the largest village travelled further into the Reserve, where CPUE was higher. We found no effect of village size or market exposure on harvest rates or CPUE of game species. However, larger, more commercial communities targeted larger, economically valuable species. This study provides evidence that human population growth and market-driven hunting and fishing pose a growing threat to wildlife and Indigenous livelihoods through increased harvest rates and selective harvesting of species vulnerable to exploitation

Inappropriate Antidiuresis: Examples of an Hyponatremic Syndrome Resembling Exogenous Vasopressin Administration in Man

We have reviewed some of the features of hyponatremic syndromes, unassociated with sodium retention and edema, but associated with primary water retention. The syndromes were probably caused by excessive vasopressin activity, in the presence of normal circulatory, renal and adreno-cortical function. Underlying diseases, including bronchogenic carcinoma, head injury, and tuberculous meningitis, illustrated the diverse etiologic bases of this condition