Proteína degradável no rúmen associada a fontes de amido de alta ou baixa degradabilidade: digestibilidade in vitro e desempenho de novilhos em crescimento Rumen degradable protein associated to starch sources of different ruminal degradability: in vitro digestibility and performance of growing steers

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de teores crescentes de proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR = 47, 52, 57 e 62%) associados a fontes de amido de baixa (milho) ou de alta (farinha de varredura de mandioca - FVM) degradabilidade ruminal em rações com 50:50% volumoso:concentrado sobre a digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS) e o ganho de peso de novilhos em crescimento. Para determinação da DIVMS, foi utilizada a técnica de dois estádios de Tilley & Terry (1963). As médias obtidas para a DIVMS foram submetidas às análises de variância e regressão em função do teor de PDR da ração. Para o ensaio de desempenho animal, foram utilizados 32 novilhos mestiços (Nelore x Red Angus), não-castrados (275 kg de PV), alojados em duplas, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Não foi observado efeito do teor de PDR de dietas contendo milho sobre a DIVMS, indicando que não houve deficiência de nitrogênio e que, possivelmente, a digestibilidade da fonte de amido (milho) foi o fator limitante. Observou-se efeito quadrático do teor de PDR sobre a DIVMS para as dietas contendo FVM, o que indica a ocorrência do efeito de sincronização entre a disponibilidade de energia e nitrogênio, permitindo aumento da atividade microbiana nos níveis mais elevados de PDR na ração e melhor utilização da energia proveniente da fonte de amido de alta degradabilidade ruminal. Não foi observado efeito dos diferentes teores de PDR e da fonte de amido de alta degradabilidade ruminal sobre o consumo de MS, o ganho de peso médio e a conversão alimentar dos animais.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of rumen-degradable protein (RDP = 47, 52, 57 and 62%) associated to starch sources of low (corn) and high (cassava by-product (CBP) ruminal degradability on in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) and average daily gain of growing steers. In vitro DM digestibility was determined by using the Tilley and Terry (1963) technique. The in vitro data was submitted to analysis of variance and regression analysis in function of dietary RDP levels. The in vivo trial was conducted using 32 crossbred steers (Nellore x Red Angus) averaging 275 kg of body weight and fed diets with 50:50 forage:concentrate ratio. Animals were housed in pairs and assigned to treatments according to a completely randomized design. No effect of increasing RDP levels was observed on IVDMD on diets supplemented with corn indicating no lack of nitrogen. Thus, corn digestibility appeared to be the limiting factor on IVDMD. A significant quadratic effect was found for IVDMD by increasing the RDP levels on diets supplemented with CBP suggesting that a better synchronization between energy availability and ammonia release improved microbial growth, which increased the efficiency of energy and RDP utilization on diets with high RDP. It was not observed effect of different RDP levels associated to a starch source rapidly degraded in the rumen on DM intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion on feedlot steers

Suplementação de novilhos nelore em pastejo de Brachiaria brizantha com diferentes níveis e fontes de concentrado Supplementation of Nellore grazing steers with different sources and concentrate levels

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o ganho médio diário (GMD) de novilhos em pastejo de B.brizantha cv. Marandu, suplementados com três tipos de suplementos, no período de julho a dezembro, em dois níveis de fornecimento. Foram utilizados 54 novilhos Nelore (nove por tratamento) com idade aproximada de 20 meses e peso vivo inicial de 370 kg. Os suplementos utilizados foram: suplemento rico em amido (AMI), rico em óleo (OLE) e suplemento composto de amido+óleo (A+O). Os suplementos foram fornecidos em níveis de 0,7 e 1,4% do peso vivo. A disponibilidade de lâminas verdes do capim-braquiária foi de 5,12 kg de MS/100 kg de PV. Os suplementos e níveis influenciaram o ganho médio diário (GMD). Nos dois níveis de fornecimento, o suplemento A+O promoveu o melhor desempenho. No menor nível de fornecimento (0,7% PV), os suplementos com AMI e OLE não diferiram entre si, mas ambos diferiram do suplemento A+O. Para este nível de fornecimento, o GMD foi 0,46; 0,44 e 0,57 kg para os tratamentos AMI, OLE e A+O, respectivamente. Resultados semelhantes foram observados no nível de fornecimento de 1,4% do PV. Neste caso, o suplemento A+O foi superior ao AMI e OLE, que não diferiram entre si. O GMD foi 0,58 kg para AMI, 0,61 kg para OLE e 0,72 kg para A+O. A suplementação com concentrados compostos pela mistura de alimentos ricos em amido (milho) e óleo (caroço de algodão) proporcionou melhor desempenho dos animais em comparação aos suplementados separadamente com as respectivas fontes, independentemente do nível de suplementação. O maior nível de suplementação (1,4% do PV) apresentou eficiência econômica inferior, quando comparada à do menor nível (0,7% do PV).<br>This work was carried out to study the daily average gain (DAG) of steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, supplemented, from July to December, with two levels of three different supplements. Fifty-four Nellore steers (9 for each treatment) aged approximately 20 months and initial average live weight of 370 kg were used. The experimental treatments were: AMI - supplement rich in starch (based on corn), OLE - supplement rich in fat (based on whole cottonseed) and A+O - supplement combination (based on mixture of AMI and OLE). All supplements were offered in .7 and 1.4% of liveweight (LW). The green blade availability was 5.12 kg DM/100 kg LW. Treatments and levels influenced DAG. In both levels of supplementation, the combination of feeds promoted higher performance. The lowest level (.7% LW) AMI and OLE was not different, and both were different from A+O. DAG was .44, .46, and .57 kg for AMI, OLE and A+O respectively. Similar results were registered on the higher level (1.4% LW) of supplementation. In this level A+O showed better performance than AMI and OLE that was not different. DAG was .58 kg for AMI, .61 kg for OLE and .72 kg for A+O. The supplementation with concentrates composed by the mixture of rich feeds in starch (corn) and oil (cotton seed) provided higher performance of the animals, that when supplemented separately with the respective sources, independently of the supplementation level. The higher supplementation level (1.4% of LW) showed lower economical efficiency, when compared to the smallest level (.7% PV)

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Observation of WWWWWW Production in pppp Collisions at s\sqrt s =13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

International audienceThis Letter reports the observation of $WWW$ production and a measurement of its cross section using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two same-sign leptons (electrons or muons) and at least two jets, as well as events with three charged leptons, are selected. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events. Events from $WWW$ production are observed with a significance of 8.0 standard deviations, where the expectation is 5.4 standard deviations. The inclusive $WWW$ production cross section is measured to be $820 \pm 100\,\text{(stat)} \pm 80\,\text{(syst)}$ fb, approximately 2.6 standard deviations from the predicted cross section of $511 \pm 18$ fb calculated at next-to-leading-order QCD and leading-order electroweak accuracy

Observation of WWWWWW Production in pppp Collisions at s\sqrt s =13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

International audienceThis Letter reports the observation of $WWW$ production and a measurement of its cross section using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two same-sign leptons (electrons or muons) and at least two jets, as well as events with three charged leptons, are selected. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events. Events from $WWW$ production are observed with a significance of 8.0 standard deviations, where the expectation is 5.4 standard deviations. The inclusive $WWW$ production cross section is measured to be $820 \pm 100\,\text{(stat)} \pm 80\,\text{(syst)}$ fb, approximately 2.6 standard deviations from the predicted cross section of $511 \pm 18$ fb calculated at next-to-leading-order QCD and leading-order electroweak accuracy

Observation of WWWWWW Production in pppp Collisions at s\sqrt s =13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

International audienceThis Letter reports the observation of $WWW$ production and a measurement of its cross section using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two same-sign leptons (electrons or muons) and at least two jets, as well as events with three charged leptons, are selected. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events. Events from $WWW$ production are observed with a significance of 8.0 standard deviations, where the expectation is 5.4 standard deviations. The inclusive $WWW$ production cross section is measured to be $820 \pm 100\,\text{(stat)} \pm 80\,\text{(syst)}$ fb, approximately 2.6 standard deviations from the predicted cross section of $511 \pm 18$ fb calculated at next-to-leading-order QCD and leading-order electroweak accuracy