POSSIBILIDADES DO USO DE OBRAS DE FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NO ENSINO DE FÍSICA

This article aims to analyze the use of science fiction films and books as auxiliary resources for teaching physics. Different possibilities of insertion of science fiction were evaluated to stimulate the motivation for learning scientific themes, as well as in the contextualization of scientific concepts in educational activities addressing contents related to both basic and modern and contemporary physics, which are present in the curriculum of the high schools and higher education subjects in the areas of exact sciences. Initially, a bibliographic review was made regarding research works already carried out on this topic, both in Brazil and in foreign countries. A study was also carried out on the history of Science Fiction, in search of both bibliographic and cinematographic works with a potential to be used in the context of physics teaching. Certain works of science fiction were chosen in view of the potential use to help in the teaching of physics and scientific dissemination, also in view of the possibility of encouraging young talents for scientific careers. Some scientific dissemination activities and didactic workshops were carried out and analyzed based on their results.Este artigo tem por finalidade analisar o uso de filmes e livros de ficção científica como recursos auxiliares para o ensino de física. Foram avaliadas diferentes possibilidades de inserção da ficção científica para estimular a motivação pela aprendizagem de temas científicos, bem como na contextualização de conceitos científicos em atividades educacionais abordando conteúdos relacionados tanto à física básica, quanto à física moderna e contemporânea, que estão presentes no currículo das escolas de ensino médio e em disciplinas de cursos superiores das áreas das ciências exatas. Inicialmente foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito de trabalhos de pesquisas já realizadas sobre este tema tanto no Brasil quanto em países estrangeiros. Foi feito também um estudo sobre a história da Ficção Científica, em busca de obras tanto bibliográficas quanto cinematográficas com um potencial para serem utilizadas no contexto do ensino de física. Certas obras de ficção científica foram escolhidas tendo em vista a potencialidade de utilização para auxiliar no ensino de física e na divulgação científica, tendo em vista também a possibilidade de incentivar jovens talentos para carreiras científicas. Algumas atividades de divulgação científica e oficinas didáticas foram realizadas e analisadas a partir de seus resultados

Chemigation Guide

This guide discusses general principles that apply to most types of chemigation applications

Metabolic and hematologic changes occurring after rapid intravenous infusion of gammaglobulin in patients with antibody deficiency syndromes

OBJECTIVE: We wished to investigate whether increased IgG infusion rates are associated with metabolic and hematologic changes in pediatric patients with antibody deficiency syndromes.METHODS: We studied 7 patients (2-16 years old) with primary antibody deficiencies who had been on regular IgG replacement treatment, 350-600 mg/kg/dose every 3 weeks with a 3% IVIG preparation, for periods ranging from 6 months to 4 years. Initially, the IgG concentration of IVIG preparations was increased to 6, 9 and 12% in consecutive infusions at a constant IgG infusion rate of 4 mg/kg/min. Subsequently, the infusion rates were increased to 8, 12, and 16 mg/kg/min using the IVIG 12% preparation.RESULTS: Clinically, all patients tolerated increases in IVIG concentrations while the infusion rate was 4 mg/kg/min. However, 3 patients presented side effects when the infusion rate was increased to 8 and 16 mg/kg/min.CONCLUSION: We conclude that metabolic and hematologic sides effects occur with rapid infusion of IVIG even in patients who tolerate the increased infusion rate clinically. The advantages of using high infusion rates have to be re-evaluated.OBJETIVO: Nós pretendemos investigar se o aumento de velocidade de infusão de gamaglobulina intravenosa (IVIG), está associada com alterações metabólicas e hematológicas em pacientes com deficiência de anticorpo. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Nós estudamos sete pacientes (2-16 anos) com deficiência primária de anticorpo que já estavam em tratamento com reposição regular de IgG, na dose de 350-600 mg/kg a cada três semanas em preparados a 3%, por períodos de seis meses a quatro anos. Inicialmente a concentração dos preparados de IVIG foi aumentando para 6, 9 e 12% em infusões consecutivas numa velocidade constante 4 mg/kg/min. Subseqüentemente, na segunda fase do estudo, mantivemos a concentração a 12% e a velocidade de infusão foi aumentando para 8, 12, e 16 mg/kg/min. RESULTADOS: Clinicamente, todos os pacientes toleraram o aumento da concentração de IVIG na velocidade constante de 4 mg/kg/min. Entretanto, 3 pacientes apresentaram efeitos colaterais quando a velocidade de infusão aumentou para 8 e 16 mg/kg/min. CONCLUSÃO: Nós concluímos que alterações metabólicas e hematológicas podem ocorrer quando se administra preparados de IVIG em altas concentração e velocidade mesmo que os pacientes tolerem bem clinicamente. As vantagens de utilizar velocidades elevadas na infusão de IVIG devem ser reavaliadas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Escola Paulista de MedicinaInstituto de Ciências Biomédicas IIILouisiana State University Medical CenterUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS RESEARCH IN EUROPEAND ITS POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION FOR MANAGING FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN LIVESTOCK FARMING

International audienc

Antibody response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in Down syndrome patients

The majority of children with Down syndrome (DS) tend to have frequent bacterial infections including recurrent respiratory infections. Our objective was to evaluate the production of antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens after active immunization in DS subjects. IgG antibodies to pneumococcal serotypes (1, 3, 6B, 9V, and 14) were measured before and 6 weeks after immunization with a 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumo23®, Pasteur-Merrieux) in 6- to 13-year-old DS children (N = 17) and in aged-matched normal controls (N = 30). An adequate response was defined as a 4-fold increase over baseline or a post-immunization level of specific pneumococcal serotype antibody> or = 1.3 µg/mL. After immunization, all DS children had an increase in post-immunization levels against all serotypes analyzed. A 4-fold or more increase was observed in all DS children concerning serotypes 1 and 14, in 90% of subjects for serotypes 3 and 9V, and in 65% for serotype 6B. Regarding this increase, 8 of the 17 DS children had an adequate response to all serotypes analyzed, 8/17 patients to 4 serotypes and 1/17 to 3 serotypes. However, when we compared post-immunization levels between DS children and controls, we observed lower levels in the former group (P < 0.05) for all serotypes except serotype 3. We conclude that pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization could be beneficial for these DS children.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PediatriaUniversidade Federal do Ceará Departamento de Toxicologia e Análises ClínicasUniversidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Departamento de ImunologiaUniversidade de São Paulo LIM 36 Faculdade de MedicinaLouisiana State University Health Science Center Department of PediatricsUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PediatriaSciEL

Advances in primary immunodeficiency diseases in Latin America: epidemiology, research, and perspectives

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are genetic disorders of the immune system comprising many different phenotypes. Although previously considered rare, recent advances in their clinical, epidemiological, and molecular definitions are revealing how much we still need to learn about them. For example, geographical and ethnic variations as well as the impact of certain practices influence their frequency and presentation, making it necessary to consider their study in terms of regions. The Latin American Society for Immunodeficiencies was established as an organization dedicated to provide scientific support for basic and clinical research and to develop tools and educational resources to promote awareness in the medical community. Initiatives such as these are positively influencing the way PIDs are tackled in these countries, as shown by recent reports and publications. This paper provides a historical compilation and a current view of the many issues faced by scientists studying these diseases in these countries, highlighting the diverse scientific contributions and offering a promising perspective for the further developments in this field in Latin America

Selective advantage of implementing optimal contributions selection and timescales for the convergence of long-term genetic contributions

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Accumulation of long-term genetic contributions over time with a line of best fit