Remote ischemic preconditioning and tacrolimus in the fetal small bowel transplant in mice

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC-R) in the fetal small bowel transplantation model. METHODS: Two groups were constituted: The Isogenic transplant (ISO, C57BL/6 mice, n=24) and the allogenic transplant (ALO, BALB/c mice, n=24). In each group, the animals were distributed with and without IPC-R. It was obtained the following subgroups: Tx, IPC-R, Fk, IPC-Fk, in both strains. Intestinal grafts were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The graft development evaluation in ISO group showed that IPC-R reduced the development compared with ISO-Tx (5.2+/-0.4 vs 9.0+/-0.8) and IPC-R-Fk increased the graft development compared with IPC-R (11.2+/-0.7 and 10.2+/-0.8). In ALO group, IPC-Fk increased the development compared with ALO-Tx and ALO with IPC-R (6.0+/-0.8, 9.0+/-1.2, 0.0+/-0.0, 0.5+/-0.3). The PCNA expression was increased in ISO group treated with Fk and IPC-R compared to other groups (12.2+/-0.8 vs Tx: 8.8+/-0.9, IPC-R: 8.0+/-0.4 and Fk: 9.0+/-0.6). The graft rejection was lower in groups treated with IPC-R (-18%), Fk (-68%) or both (-61%) compared with ALO-Tx. CONCLUSION: Remote ischemic preconditioning showed benefic effect even associate with Tacrolimus on the development and acute rejection of the fetal small bowel graft in the Isogenic and Allogenic transplants.Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Sch Med, Operat Tech & Expt Surg Div, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Lab Emergency Med LIM 51, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Vale Sao Francisco UNIVASF, Sch Med, Petrolina, PE, BrazilFMUSP, Surg Physiopathol Lab LIM 62, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilOperative Technique and Experimental Surgery Division, Medical School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), BrazilWeb of Scienc

Impressions on Reliability and Students’ Perceptions of Learning in a Peer-Based OSCE

Background: Peer assessment of performance in the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is emerging as a learning instrument. While peers can provide reliable scores, there may be a trade-off with students’ learning. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a peer-based OSCE as a viable assessment instrument and its potential to promote learning and explore the interplay between these two roles. Methods: A total of 334 medical students completed an 11-station OSCE from 2015 to 2016. Each station had 1–2 peer examiners (PE) and one faculty examiner (FE). Examinees were rated on a 7-point scale across 5 dimensions: Look, Feel, Move, Special Tests and Global Impression. Students participated in voluntary focus groups in 2016 to provide qualitative feedback on the OSCE. Authors analysed assessment data and transcripts of focus group discussions. Results: Overall, PE awarded higher ratings compared with FE, sources of variance were similar across 2 years with unique variance consistently being the largest source, and reliability (rφ) was generally low. Focus group analysis revealed four themes: Conferring with Faculty Examiners, Difficulty Rating Peers, Insider Knowledge, and Observing and Scoring. Conclusions: While peer assessment was not reliable for evaluating OSCE performance, PE’s perceived that it was beneficial for their learning. Insight gained into exam technique and self-appraisal of skills allows students to understand expectations in clinical situations and plan approaches to self-assessment of competence

Análise da correlação entre a expressão da p53 e do bcl-2 com o estadiamento e o prognóstico do adenocarcinoma colorretal

PURPOSE: To analyze the correlation between p53 and bcl-2 expression and colorectal adenocarcinoma staging and prognosis. METHODS: This was a retrospective series of 125 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients (67 women and 58 men; ages 30-87 years) who underwent surgery with curative intent. The mean follow-up was 28.5 months (range: 2-96 months). TNM staging, tumor recurrence, survival and cancer-related mortality were analyzed. Immunoreactivity was evaluated using DO7 (Dako) for p53 and K492 (Dako) for bcl-2. Tumors with accumulation of staining for cytoplasmic bcl-2 or nuclear p53 in more than 10% of cells were considered positive. Statistical analysis utilized Pearson chi-squared, log-rank and Wilcoxon tests, and Kaplan-Meier survival estimation (significance level: p<0.05). RESULTS: p53+ was found in 11.8% (14/118), bcl-2+ in 50% (58/116) and associated p53+/bcl-2+ in 6.4% (7/109) of the tumors. There was no significant correlation between expression of these biomarkers and TNM I, II, III and IV staging (p=0.385 for p53; p=0.461 for bcl-2). For tumor recurrence, p53+ was found in 9.5% (2/21), bcl-2+ in 50% (11/22), and associated p53+/bcl-2+ in 5.2% (1/19) of the tumors (p=0.714, p=1.000 and p=0.960, respectively). For survival analysis, p53+: 57 months (45.0-68.0), bcl-2+: 78 (37.0-89.0), and p53+/bcl-2+: 62 (56.0-68.0) (p=0.319). For cancer-related mortality, p53+: 8.3% (3/36), bcl-2+: 47.2% (17/36), and p53+/bcl-2+: 5.9% (2/36) of the patients (p=0.432, p=0.688 and p=0.907, respectively). CONCLUSION: No correlation was found between tumor expression of p53 and bcl-2 and the TNM staging, recurrence, survival and cancer-related mortality in colorectal adenocarcinoma.OBJETIVO: Analisar a correlação entre a expressão da p53 e do bcl-2 com o estadiamento e prognóstico do adenocarcinoma colorretal. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado o estudo de uma série retrospectiva de 125 doentes com adenocarcinoma colorretal (67 mulheres e 58 homens; 30 a 87 anos de idade), que se submeteram ao tratamento cirúrgico com intenção curativa. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 28,5 meses (variação de 2 a 96 meses). O estadiamento TNM, a recidiva tumoral, a sobrevida e a mortalidade relacionada com o câncer foram analisados. A reação imunohistoquímica utilizada foi o DO& (Dako) para o p53 e o K492 (Dako) para o bcl-2. Tumores com intensidade de coloração citoplásmica para o bcl-2 e nuclear para o p53, acima de 10% de células foram considerados positivos. A análise estatística utilizada foi o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, log-rank, Wilcoxon e estimativa de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier (nível de significância : p<0,05). RESULTADOS: p53+ foi encontrado em 11.8% (14/118), bcl-2+ em 50% (58/116) e associados p53+/bcl-2+ em 6.4% (7/109) dos tumores. Não foi encontrado correlação significante entre a expressão tumoral destes marcadores e o estadiamento TNM I, II, III e IV (p=0.385 para a p53; p=0.461 para o bcl-2). Na recidiva tumoral, p53+ foi encontrado em 9.5% (2/21), bcl-2+ em 50% (11/22), e p53+/bcl-2+ associados em 5.2% (1/19) dos tumores (p=0.714, p=1.000 e p=0.960, respectivamente). Na análise de sobrevida, p53+: 57 meses (45.0-68.0), bcl-2+: 78 (37.0-89.0), e p53+/bcl-2+: 62 (56.0-68.0) (p=0.319). Para mortalidade relacionada com câncer, p53+: 8.3% (3/36), bcl-2+: 47.2% (17/36), e p53+/bcl-2+: 5.9% (2/36) dos pacientes (p=0.432, p=0.688 and p=0.907, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Nenhuma correlação significante foi encontrada entre a expressão tumoral da p53 e do bcl-2 com o estadiamento TNM, recidiva, sobrevida e mortalidade relacionada com câncer.Centro Universitário de Volta RedondaUNIFESP-EPM Pathology DepartmentUNIFESP-EPM Surgical Gastroenterology DepartmentUNIFESP, EPM, Pathology DepartmentUNIFESP, EPM Surgical Gastroenterology DepartmentSciEL

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with autologous platelet concentrate applied in rabbit fibula fraction healing

OBJECTIVES: The purpose is to study the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and autologous platelet concentrates in healing the fibula bone of rabbits after induced fractures. METHODS: A total of 128 male New Zealand albino rabbits, between 6-8 months old, were subjected to a total osteotomy of the proximal portion of the right fibula. After surgery, the animals were divided into four groups (n = 32 each): control group, in which animals were subjected to osteotomy; autologous platelet concentrate group, in which animals were subjected to osteotomy and autologous platelet concentrate applied at the fracture site; hyperbaric oxygen group, in which animals were subjected to osteotomy and 9 consecutive daily hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions; and autologous platelet concentrate and hyperbaric oxygen group, in which animals were subjected to osteotomy, autologous platelet concentrate applied at the fracture site, and 9 consecutive daily hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to a pre-determined euthanasia time points: 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postoperative. After euthanasia at a specific time point, the fibula containing the osseous callus was prepared histologically and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or picrosirius red. RESULTS: Autologous platelet concentrates and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, applied together or separately, increased the rate of bone healing compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and autologous platelet concentrate combined increased the rate of bone healing in this experimental model.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco Colegiado de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco Colegiado de Medicina VeterinariaSociedade Brasileira de Traumatologia Esportiva e ArtroscopiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Cirurgia104698SciEL

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with autologous platelet concentrate applied in rabbit fibula fraction healing

OBJECTIVES: The purpose is to study the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and autologous platelet concentrates in healing the fibula bone of rabbits after induced fractures. METHODS: A total of 128 male New Zealand albino rabbits, between 6-8 months old, were subjected to a total osteotomy of the proximal portion of the right fibula. After surgery, the animals were divided into four groups (n = 32 each): control group, in which animals were subjected to osteotomy; autologous platelet concentrate group, in which animals were subjected to osteotomy and autologous platelet concentrate applied at the fracture site; hyperbaric oxygen group, in which animals were subjected to osteotomy and 9 consecutive daily hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions; and autologous platelet concentrate and hyperbaric oxygen group, in which animals were subjected to osteotomy, autologous platelet concentrate applied at the fracture site, and 9 consecutive daily hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to a pre-determined euthanasia time points: 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postoperative. After euthanasia at a specific time point, the fibula containing the osseous callus was prepared histologically and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or picrosirius red. RESULTS: Autologous platelet concentrates and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, applied together or separately, increased the rate of bone healing compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and autologous platelet concentrate combined increased the rate of bone healing in this experimental model

Study of the expression of E-cadherin and DCC proteins with cell differentiation degree and staging in colorectal adenocarcinoma

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relationship of two proteins, which take part in the same mechanism of cell adhesion, with the cell differentiation degree and TNM staging I and IV in colorectal cancer. METHODS: One-hundred patients (54 men and 46 women), who have received treatment for colorectal cancer, stages I (44) and IV (56), have been studied. Histological cuts of tumor tissue were examined by the immunohistochemical technique as to the expression of E-cadherin and delect in colon cancer (DCC) proteins, being classified as positive whenever it was detected immunoexpression of such proteins in 50% or more tumor cells. RESULTS: For TNM, E-cadherin immunoexpression for stage I: positive in 72.7% and negative in 35.7%; stage IV: positive in 64.3% and negative in 35.7%. For DCC protein: 43.2% positive and 56.8% negative in stage I, and 50% positive and 50% negative in stage IV. Regarding the cell differentiation degree, the immunoexpression of E-cadherin - GI: positive in 70% and negative in 30%; GII: positive in 68.4% and negative in 31.6%; GIII: positive in 63.6% and negative in 36.4%. The immunoexpression of DCC - GI: 40% positive and 60% negative; GII: 46.8% positive and 53.2% negative; GIII: 54.5% positive and 45.5% negative. There was no significant difference among groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this research make it possible to come to the conclusion that there is no relationship between the immunoexpression of E-cadherin and DCC proteins with TNM staging (I and IV) and cell differentiation degree in colorectal cancer.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação de duas proteínas que participam do mecanismo de adesão celular com o grau de diferenciação celular e os estadiamentos TNM (T: tumor, N: linfonodo, M: metástase) I e IV no câncer de cólon e reto. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados cem pacientes (54 homens e 46 mulheres) tratados por adenocarcinoma colorretal, estádios I (44) e IV (56). Os cortes histológicos do tecido tumoral foram examinados por técnica de imuno-histoquímica em relação à imunoexpressão das proteínas caderina-E e delect in colon cancer (DCC), sendo classificados como positivos quando se detectou a imunoexpressão dessas proteínas em 50% ou mais das células tumorais. RESULTADOS: Para o TNM, imunoexpressão da caderina-E estádio I: positiva em 72,7 % e negativa em 35,7% ; estádio IV: positiva em 64,3% e negativa em 35,7%. Proteína DCC: 43,2% positiva e 56,8% negativa no estádio I, e 50% positiva e 50% negativa no estádio IV. Em relação ao grau de diferenciação celular, imunoexpressão da caderina-E - GI: positiva em 70% e negativa em 30%; GII: positiva em 68,4% e 31,6% negativa; GIII: 63,6% positiva e 36,4% negativa. Imunoexpressão da DCC - GI: 40% positiva e 60% negativa; GII: 46,8% positiva e 53,2% negativa; GIII: 54,5% positiva e 45,5% negativa. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados dessa pesquisa permitem concluir que não há relação da imunoexpressão das proteínas caderina-E e DCC com o estadiamento TNM (I e IV) e o grau de diferenciação celular no carcinoma colorretal.Hospital do Câncer Fundação Pio XII Departamento de Cirurgia OncológicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PatologiaUNIFESPUNIFESP-EPMUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PatologiaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

MET Is highly expressed in advanced stages of colorectal cancer and indicates worse prognosis and mortality

The aim of the present study was to evaluate by immunohistochemistry the prognostic meaning of the tumor marker MET (hepatocyte growth factor) in patients submitted to surgical resection due to primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out that included 286 consecutive patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, submitted to surgical resection at Barretos Cancer Hospital, from 1993 to 2002. The histopathological expression of the MET tumor marker was evaluated using an anti-protein monoclonal antibody against MET by the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The expression of the tumor marker was semi-quantitative, and the slide samples were independently analyzed by three pathologists unaware of patient clinical and histopathological data. RESULTS: The tumor marker expression was positive in 236 (79%) out of a total of 286 patients. This expression was statistically significantly different between stages I and IV (p=0.004), for overall survival (p=0.009), and for cancer-related mortality rates (p=0.022). However, no association between the tumor marker and recurrence (p=0.89) or disease-free interval (p=0.91) was observed. CONCLUSION: MET has shown significant expression at advanced stages of the disease, as well as for overall survival and cancer-related mortality rates demonstrating to be a valuable marker for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients