Planejasus: um novo modelo de gestão no sistema público de saúde

Neste trabalho, é apresentado o Sistema de Planejamento do SUS – PlanejaSUS, sua organização e funcionamento, o processo de planejamento do sistema, sendo verificado as principais dificuldades de implementação nos Municípios Brasileiros. O problema proposto busca verificar qual a relação entre as dificuldades na implementação do Sistema de Planejamento do SUS – PlanejaSUS e a efetivação do programa. O resultado encontrado indica que poucos Municípios conseguiram implementar o PlanejaSUS de forma eficiente, a maioria dos Municípios Brasileiros não são efetivos na implementação do sistema devido a problemas Políticos, Culturais e Administrativos. Para a pesquisa, foi feito um estudo exploratório, com consulta a livros e artigos relacionados ao tema proposto e foi feita uma análise documental, tendo como base o Ministério da Saúde, em especial sua página na internet

Resource Selection and Its Implications for Wide-Ranging Mammals of the Brazilian Cerrado

Conserving animals beyond protected areas is critical because even the largest reserves may be too small to maintain viable populations for many wide-ranging species. Identification of landscape features that will promote persistence of a diverse array of species is a high priority, particularly, for protected areas that reside in regions of otherwise extensive habitat loss. This is the case for Emas National Park, a small but important protected area located in the Brazilian Cerrado, the world's most biologically diverse savanna. Emas Park is a large-mammal global conservation priority area but is too small to protect wide-ranging mammals for the long-term and conserving these populations will depend on the landscape surrounding the park. We employed novel, noninvasive methods to determine the relative importance of resources found within the park, as well as identify landscape features that promote persistence of wide-ranging mammals outside reserve borders. We used scat detection dogs to survey for five large mammals of conservation concern: giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), jaguar (Panthera onca), and puma (Puma concolor). We estimated resource selection probability functions for each species from 1,572 scat locations and 434 giant armadillo burrow locations. Results indicate that giant armadillos and jaguars are highly selective of natural habitats, which makes both species sensitive to landscape change from agricultural development. Due to the high amount of such development outside of the Emas Park boundary, the park provides rare resource conditions that are particularly important for these two species. We also reveal that both woodland and forest vegetation remnants enable use of the agricultural landscape as a whole for maned wolves, pumas, and giant anteaters. We identify those features and their landscape compositions that should be prioritized for conservation, arguing that a multi-faceted approach is required to protect these species

Lightweight link dimensioning using sFlow sampling

Operators use link dimensioning to provision network links. In practice, traffic averages are obtained via SNMP are used to roughly estimate required capacity. More accurate solutions often require traffic statistics easily obtained from packet captures, e.g. variance. However, packet capturing may not be trivial in high-speed links. Aiming scalability, operators often deploy packet sampling on monitoring, but little is known how it affects link dimensioning. In this paper we assess the feasibility of lightweight link dimensioning using sFlow, which is a widely-deployed traffic monitoring tool. We implement sFlow sampling algorithm and use a previously proposed and validated dimensioning formula that needs traffic variance. We validate our approach using packet captures from real networks. Results show that the proposed procedure is successful for a range of sampling rates and that, due to randomness of sampling algorithm, the error introduced by scaling the traffic variance yields more conservative results that cope with short-term traffic fluctuations

Consórcio sorgo-soja. I. Produção de forragem de cultivares de soja e híbridos de sorgo, consorciadas na linha, em dois sistemas de corte Sorghum-soybean intercropping. I. Production of forage of sorghum hybrids and soybean cultivars, intercropped on the line, in two cutting systems

Visando selecionar cultivares de sorgo e soja de melhor rendimento forrageiro no consórcio, foi conduzido, em 1996/97, um ensaio no Departamento de Agricultura no Campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras, MG, em um Latossolo Roxo distrófico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2x4x4+4 com três repetições, sendo constituído por dois sistemas de corte (um único corte, rente ao solo, de ambas as culturas no estádio R5 da soja e um sistema de dois cortes: o primeiro feito aos 60 dias após a emergência a 30cm do solo e o segundo, após a rebrota das plantas, rente ao solo, na mesma época do corte do primeiro sistema), quatro cultivares de soja (CAC-1, Doko RC, UFV-16 e UFV-17) e quatro híbridos de sorgo forrageiro (AG 2002, AG 2006, BR 601 e CMSXS 756), e mais os quatros cultivares de sorgo em monocultivo. Os diferentes sistemas de corte alteraram significativamente os rendimentos de massa verde, matéria seca e proteína bruta total. A utilização do consórcio proporcionou maior rendimento de proteína bruta total, quando comparado ao monocultivo, sendo que as combinações UFV-16 x AG 2002 e CAC-1 x AG 2006 foram as de maior destaque para o sistema de um corte. No sistema de dois cortes, sobressaíram-se Doko RC x AG 2006 e BR 601 e Doko RC x BR 601. Em condição de monocultivo e consórcio, o híbrido de sorgo que proporcionou maior rendimento de massa verde, matéria seca e proteína bruta total foi o AG 2002.<br>Aiming to select sorghum and soybean cultivars of best forage yield in the intercropping on the line, a trial was conducted in 1996/1997, at the Department of Agriculture on the campus of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras, MG, Brazil, on a Distrophic Red Dusky Latosol. The experimental design utilized was that of randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2x4x4+4 with three replications, being made up of two cutting systems (a single cutting, close-cut to the soil, of both crops at the R5 stage of soybean and a two-cutting system: the first done at 60 days after emergence at 30cm from the soil and the second after regrowth of the plants, close-cut to the soil at the same time of the cutting of the first system), four soybean cultivars (CAC-1, Doko RC, UFV-16 and UFV-17) and four hybrids of forage sorghum (AG 2002, AG 2006, BR 601 and CMSXS 756), and four hibrids of sorghum in monoculture. The one cutting system was superior than the two cutting system in relation of green mass and dry matter. The grude protein was superioty in the two cutting system. Use of the intercropping on the line provided greater yield total crude portein as compared with monoculture, being that the combinations UFV-16 and UFV-17 x AG 2002 and CAC-1 x AG 2006 were the ones which stood out the most to the one-cutting system. In the two-cutting system, Doko RC x AG 2006 and BR 601 and UFV-16 x BR 601 stood out. Under monoculture and intercropping on the line condition, the sorghum hybrid which presented the highest yield of green mass, dry matter and total crude protein was AG 2002

Liposomal formulation of ChimeraT, a multiple T-Cell epitope-containing recombinant protein, is a candidate vaccine for human visceral Leishmaniasis

Background: Leishmaniases are neglected diseases caused by infection with Leishmania parasites and there are no human vaccines in use routinely. The purpose of this study was to examine the immunogenicity of ChimeraT, a novel synthetic recombinant vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis (VL), incorporated into a human-compatible liposome formulation. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with ChimeraT/liposome vaccine, ChimeraT/saponin adjuvant, or ChimeraT/saline and immune responses examined in vitro and in vivo. Results: Immunization with the ChimeraT/liposome formulation induced a polarized Th1-type response and significant protection against L. infantum infection. ChimeraT/liposome vaccine stimulated significantly high levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokines by both CD4 and CD8 T-cells, with correspondingly lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines. Induced antibodies were predominantly IgG2a isotype, and homologous antigen-stimulated spleen cells produced significant nitrite as a proxy for nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, we examined a small number of treated VL patients and found higher levels of circulating anti-ChimeraT protein IgG2 antibodies, compared to IgG1 levels. Conclusions: Overall, the liposomal formulation of ChimeraT induced a protective Th1-type immune response and thus could be considered in future studies as a vaccine candidate against human VL.</p

A candidate vaccine for human visceral leishmaniasis based on a specific T cell epitope-containing chimeric protein protects mice against Leishmania infantum infection

Leishmaniases are neglected diseases caused by infection with Leishmania parasites and there are currently no prophylactic vaccines. In this study, we designed in silico a synthetic recombinant vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) called ChimeraT, which contains specific T-cell epitopes from Leishmania Prohibitin, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5a and the hypothetical LiHyp1 and LiHyp2 proteins. Subcutaneous delivery of ChimeraT plus saponin stimulated a Th1 cell-mediated immune response and protected mice against L. infantum infection, significantly reducing the parasite load in distinct organs. ChimeraT/saponin vaccine stimulated significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and GM-CSF cytokines by both murine CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, with correspondingly low levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Induced antibodies were predominantly IgG2a isotype and homologous antigen-stimulated spleen cells produced significant nitrite as a proxy for nitric oxide. ChimeraT also induced lymphoproliferative responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from VL patients after treatment and healthy subjects, as well as higher IFN-γ and lower IL-10 secretion into cell supernatants. Thus, ChimeraT associated with a Th1 adjuvant could be considered as a potential vaccine candidate to protect against human disease. </p