1,067 research outputs found
Top Incomes in Chile 1957-2007: Evolution and Mobility
Using household surveys that cover more than 50 years of the political and economic history of Chile, we investigate changes in the shape and in the composition of the distribution of income in Chile, in particular of top 10 % and top 1% incomes. In line with international evidence top income concentration appears to be countercyclical in the short run. For the entire length of this survey, this concentration shows roughly an inverted U-shape, peaking at the end of the 80s. These changes correspond approximately with different economic models prevailing in Chile. We observe important changes in the composition of top income groups related to greater relative importance of women, employees and college schooling levels. These changes are stronger for the top 10% than the top 1% of incomes. Additionally, using a national level panel of households for the period 1996-2006 we explore correlations between probabilities of permanence and arrival to the top decile with variables such as composition of the household, ownership of physical and human assets, job quality and active persons in the labor market.
Top Incomes in Chile using 50 years of household surveys : 1957-2007
Using household surveys that cover more than 50 years of the political and economic history of Chile, we investigate changes in the shape of the distribution of income in Chile, and in the composition of top 10% and top 1% incomes. In line with international evidence, top incomes concentration appears to be countercyclical in the short run. For the entire length of this survey, this concentration shows roughly an inverted U-shape, peaking at the end of the 80s. These changes correspond approximately with different economic policy regimes prevailing in Chile. We observe important changes in the composition of top income groups related to greater relative importance of women, employees and college schooling levels. These changes are stronger for the top 10% than the top 1% of incomes. Additionally, using a national level panel of households for the period 1996-2006 we explore correlations between probabilities of permanence and arrival to the top decile with variables such as composition of the house old, ownership of physical and human assets, job quality and changes in the numbers of household members working in the labor market.Income distribution, Income mobility
Sociologia da experiência e lutas por reconhecimento: associações de geração de trabalho e renda no sul do Brasil
Este trabalho propõe uma sociologia da experiência em associações de geração de
trabalho e renda no sul do Brasil. Para tanto, decompomos a racionalidade da ação
em associações de trabalhadores num trĂplice registro, onde investigamos: a) as formas
de inserção e integração sociais configuradas pelas relações de solidariedade; b)
a dimensão da racionalidade estratégica de cada associação de catadores traduzida
nas lutas por reconhecimento; e, c) os processos de subjetivação expressos na afirmação
identitária de cada coletivo de trabalhadores.Apartir da pesquisa de campo nas
associações, constatou-se um processo de subjetivação caracterizado por aquilo que
passamos a denominar de uma “lógica do respeito”, a qual possui uma dupla inflexão,
ou seja, porumlado, busca romper no âmbito da esfera privada com a dominação
masculina expressa num código de honra, cuja conseqüência mais dramática se traduz
na violência doméstica, e, por outro lado, se constataummovimentoemdireção
à esfera pública, a partir da articulação de uma associação com um movimento social
traduzindo desta maneira a reivindicação pelo reconhecimento da dignidade de indivĂduos
sujeitos a todo tipo de reconhecimento recusado.This paper/work considers a sociology of the experience in associations for work
and income generation in the south of Brazil. For this, we decompose the rationality
of the action inworker associations into a triple register, wherewe investigate:
a) the forms of social insertion and integration configured by relations of solidarity;
b) the dimension of the strategic rationality of each group expressed/reflected in
the struggles for recognition; and c) the subjectivation processes expressed in the
affirmation of identity in each specific group ofworkers. From the field research in
the associations, we ascertained a process of subjectivation characterized by what
we now call of a “logic of respect”, which possesses a double inflection, i. e., on the
one hand, the search in the the private sphere to break with the masculine domination
expressed in a code of honor whose most dramatic consequence is reflected in
domestic violence and, on the other hand,we ascertained a movement towards the
public sphere, on the basis of the connection/combination of an association with a
social movement, which thus translates the claim for recognition of the dignity of
individuals subjected to all kinds of rejected recognition.Ce travail propose une sociologie de l’expérience au sein d’associations de création
d’emploi et de revenus dans le sud du Brésil. L’auteur décompose la rationalité de
l’action au sein d’associations de travailleurs selon trois registres: a) les modes
d’insertion et d’intégration sociales configurés par les relations de solidarité, b) la dimension
de la rationalité stratégique de chaque association de nettoyeurs traduite
dans les luttes pour la reconnaissance, et, c) les processus de subjectivation exprimés
dans l’affirmation identitaire de chaque collectif de travailleurs.Àpartir de la recherche
de terrain au sein des associations, l’auteur a constaté un processus de subjectivation
caractérisé par ce qu’il a appelé une “ logique du respect ”, qui possède une double
inflexion, c’est-à -dire, d’une part, la recherche de rupture dans le cadre de la
sphère privé avec la domination masculine exprimée dans un code d’honneur, dont
la conséquence la plus dramatique mène à la violence domestique, et, d’autre part,
un mouvement vers la sphère publique à partir de l’articulation d’une association
avec un mouvement social traduisant la revendication de la reconnaissance de la
dignitĂ© des individus soumis Ă toute sorte de reconnaissance refusĂ©e.Este trabajo propone una sociologĂa de la experiencia en asociaciones de generaciĂłn
de trabajo y renta en el sur de Brasil. Para lo cual, descompusimos la racionalidad
de la acciĂłn en asociaciones de trabajadores en un triple registro, donde investigamos:
a) las formas de inserciĂłn e integraciĂłn sociales configuradas por las relaciones
de solidaridad, b) la dimensión de la racionalidad estratégica de cada asociación
de catadores traducida en las luchas por reconocimiento, y, c) los procesos de
subjetivaciĂłn enunciados en la afirmaciĂłn de identidad de cada colectivo de trabajadores.
Apartir de la bĂşsqueda de campo en las asociaciones, se constatĂł un proceso
de subjetivación caracterizado por aquello que denominamos una “lógica del
respeto”, la cual tiene una doble inflexión, o sea, por un lado busca romper en el
ámbito de la esfera privada con la dominación masculina expresa en un código de
honra, cuya consecuencia más dramática se traduce en la violencia doméstica, y
por otro lado se constata un movimiento en direcciĂłn a la esfera pĂşblica a partir de
la articulaciĂłn de una asociaciĂłn con un movimiento social traduciendo de esta
manera la reivindicaciĂłn por el reconocimiento de la dignidad de individuos sujetos
a todo tipo de reconocimiento recusado
Use of remote sensing to support forest and wetlands policies in the USA
The use of remote sensing for environmental policy development is now quite common and well-documented, as images from remote sensing platforms are often used to focus attention on emerging environmental issues and spur debate on potential policy solutions. However, its use in policy implementation and evaluation has not been examined in much detail. Here we examine the use of remote sensing to support the implementation and enforcement of policies regarding the conservation of forests and wetlands in the USA. Specifically, we focus on the “Roadless Rule” and “Travel Management Rules” as enforced by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service on national forests, and the “No Net Loss” policy and Clean Water Act for wetlands on public and private lands, as enforced by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Army Corps of Engineers. We discuss several national and regional examples of how remote sensing for forest and wetland conservation has been effectively integrated with policy decisions, along with barriers to further integration. Some of these barriers are financial and technical (such as the lack of data at scales appropriate to policy enforcement), while others are political
Editorial
http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/22366725792
Por uma sociologia polĂtica das emoções: ressentimento e protesto social conservador no Brasil.
The article addresses, in terms of a political sociology of emotions, a moral sentiment, namely the resentmentthat shaped the conservative social protest that engulfed Brazil in the last decade and culminated in the riseof the reactionary populism embodied by Bolsonarism. This social protest was especially expressed throughvirtual social networks in the form of connective action. The empirical material that supports the analysisdeveloped was collected using a profile on the social network Twitter from a sample of 1615 tweets thatwere collected and categorized using the RQDA qualitative data analysis package from the R programminglanguage. Finally, the argument developed in the paper reaches two conclusions, namely: a) the resentmentthat fuels conservative protest in Brazil is related to fear of the loss of privileges and social distinction bysectors of the middle classes as a result of the implementation of redistributive policies during the Workers'Party governments in the Presidency of the Republic (2002-2016); and b) this resentment is associated witha conservative sociodicy that naturalizes and legitimizes the symbolic reproduction of inequality based on thecategories of class, gender and race.O artigo aborda, nos termos de uma sociologia polĂtica das emoções, um sentimento moral, qual seja, o ressentimento que plasmou o protesto social conservador que engolfou o Brasil na Ăşltima dĂ©cada e que culminou na ascensĂŁo no populismo reacionário encarnado pelo bolsonarismo. Essa contestação social foi especialmente extravasada atravĂ©s das redes sociais virtuais na forma de uma ação conectiva. O material empĂrico que dá suporte Ă análise desenvolvida foi coletado utilizando um perfil na rede social Twitter a partir de uma amostra de 1615 tweets que foram coletados e categorizados com a utilização do pacote deanálise de dados qualitativos RQDA da linguagem de programação R. Por fim, a argumentação desenvolvida no trabalho chega a duas conclusões, quais sejam: a) o ressentimento que insufla o protesto conservador no Brasil está relacionado ao medo pela perda de privilĂ©gios e distinção social por parte de setores das camadas mĂ©dias em decorrĂŞncia da implementação de polĂticas de natureza redistributiva durante os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores na PresidĂŞncia da RepĂşblica (2002-2016); e b) esse ressentimento está associado a uma sociodicĂ©ia conservadora que naturaliza e legitima a reprodução simbĂłlica da desigualdade a partir das categorias de classe, gĂŞnero e raça
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