Desempenho técnico-econômico de sistemas de consórcio do feijoeiro-comum com cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) adensado recém-plantado

Aiming to study the economic return of systems of production of common-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), intercalated with the newly-planted coffee tree, one field experiment was carried out in the Federal University of Lavras, in coffee crops of the cultivar Catucaí (line 3SM), newly planted. The common-bean cultivar BRS-MG-Talismã was used. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replicates and 4 x 4 + 2 factorial scheme, involving four number of rows of bean plant (one, three, four and six intercalary rows) and four doses of fertilization of the legume (0%, 50%, 100% and 150% of the fertilization recommended), plus two additional treatments (the monocultivation either of the coffee trees and bean plants). The results allow to conclude that the increase of the number of bean rows, especially starting from four rows, provides smaller increment in the diameter of the stem of the coffee plant, reduces the medium total costs of common-bean production and of formation of the coffee plant, mainly up to four rows, and it increases the profit obtained with the common-bean production. Therefore, the use of up to four intercalary rows of common-bean plant would be indicated, becomes possible the covering of 65% of the costs of formation of the coffee tree to up to six months of age. The increment of the planting manuring and covering of the common-bean plants to up to 150% of the dose recommended doesn't influence the income of the common-bean in consortium with the coffee (Coffea arabica L.) newly-planted, increasing the medium cost of common-bean production. However, the absence of manuring of the common-bean provokes more mortality of plants of coffee in the measure in that increases the number of bean rows.Visando a estudar o retorno econômico de sistemas de produção de feijão intercalado ao cafeeiro recém-plantado, foi conduzido um experimento de campo na Universidade Federal de Lavras. O experimento foi conduzido em lavoura cafeeira da cv. Catucaí (linhagem 3SM), recém-plantada. A cultivar de feijoeiro foi a ‘BRS-MG-Talismã’. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com três repetições em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 + 2, envolvendo quatro números de linhas de feijoeiro (uma, três, quatro e seis linhas intercalares) e quatro doses de adubação da leguminosa (0%, 50%, 100% e 150% da adubação recomendada), mais dois tratamentos adicionais (o monocultivo do cafeeiro e do feijoeiro). Pelos resultados, pode-se concluir que: o aumento do número de linhas intercalares, especialmente a partir de quatro linhas, proporciona menor incremento no diâmetro do caule do cafeeiro; os custos totais médios de produção de feijão e de formação do cafeeiro diminuem, principalmente até quatro linhas; e há um aumento do lucro obtido com a produção de feijão intercalar. Portanto, para as condições do experimento, é indicado o uso de até quatro linhas intercalares de feijoeiro, o que possibilita a cobertura de aproximadamente 65% dos custos de formação do cafeeiro do plantio até seis meses de idade. O incremento da adubação de plantio e cobertura do feijoeiro comum a até 150% da dose recomendada em monocultivo não influencia o rendimento do feijoeiro em consórcio com o café recém-plantado, aumentando o custo médio de produção de feijão. No entanto, a ausência de adubação da leguminosa provoca maior mortalidade de plantas de café (Coffea arabica L.) à medida que se aumenta o número de linhas intercalares de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Zoneamento das áreas cafeeiras aptas para a mecanização agrícola no Estado do Espírito Santo: Zoning of coffee areas suitable for agricultural mechanization in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

O Estado do Espírito Santo possui destaque nacional em termos de produção de café. Porém têm-se na declividade um fator limitante para a implantação da mecanização. Diante disso, objetivou-se efetuar com base na declividade, o zoneamento das áreas cafeeiras aptas para a mecanização agrícola no Estado do Espírito Santo. O levantamento planialtimétrico usado foi o do Geobases com resolução de 5m, com o auxílio de software de geoprocessamento, gerou-se o Modelo Digital do Terreno (MDT) e, posteriormente, a declividade das áreas da cafeicultura, as quais foram classificadas de acordo com o potencial de mecanização do terreno: Extremamente Apta (0 - 5 %), Muito Apta (5,1 - 10 %), Apta (10,1 - 15 %), Moderadamente Apta (15,1 - 20 %) e Não Recomendada (> 20 %). O Estado apresenta 428.482,6 mil hectares de Coffea canephora e Coffea arabica. Sendo 21,6%; 11,3% e 11,2% com potencial de mecanização extremamente apta, muito apta e apta. Além disso, 10,7% da área cultivada foi classificada como moderadamente apta e 45,3% como área não recomendada para atividades mecanizadas. Ressalta-se também que os municípios com alta produção de Coffea canephora apresentam as lavouras com maior aptidão para a mecanização quando comparados com os municípios que possuem lavouras de Coffea arábica de alta produção

Expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with expression of hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2 alpha and predicts prognosis in locally advanced breast cancer

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (hypoxia-inducible factor 1A and hypoxia-inducible factor 2A) and aldehyde dehydrogenase proteins in patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma who were subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: We included 90 patients with histologically confirmed stage II and III breast carcinoma who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2000 and 2005. Immunohistochemistry for aldehyde dehydrogenase, hypoxia-inducible factor 1A, and hypoxia-inducible factor 2A was performed before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We analyzed the influence of clinical and pathological features on clinical and pathological response, disease-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: An objective clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was observed in 80% of patients, with 12% showing a complete pathological response. Among all clinical and pathological parameters, only the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1A was associated with a pathological response. A positive association was found between expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase and that of hypoxia-inducible factor 1A before and after chemotherapy. Aldehyde dehydrogenase expression was associated with expression of hypoxia inducible-factor 2A in tumors after neoadjuvant treatment. In a univariate analysis, prognosis was influenced by age, pathological response, metastasis to axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 2, and the presence of aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cells within the primary tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In a multivariate analysis, only age and the presence of aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cells after chemotherapy were associated with reduced overall survival. CONCLUSION: The presence of aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cells within the residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with an increase in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 2A and with poor prognosis in patients with locally advanced breast cancer

Estimativa da evapotranspiração em áreas de pastagens usando algoritmo SEBAL e imagens Landsat 5 - TM

O conhecimento da perda total de água por evapotranspiração é essencial para o crescimento das plantas e avaliações de desenvolvimento. A informação de sensoriamento remoto tem sido usada por vários modelos e algoritmos para obter parâmetros da superfície da Terra. O SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land) é um algoritmo para estimativa de evapotranspiração em larga escala. Ele é processado por meio de etapas computacionais, que preveem uma avaliação completa da radiação solar e da energia na superfície da Terra. Para isso, utiliza dados de sensores que coletam comprimentos de onda nas bandas do visível, infravermelho próximo e termal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a evapotranspiração diária (ETdiária) em áreas de pastagem da Fazenda Experimental da Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, por meio do algoritmo SEBAL e cenas Landsat 5-TM. Para áreas de pastagens, a ETdiária variou de 0,50 a 3,50 mm d-1 com uma média de 1,90 mm d-1. De forma geral, a aplicação metodológica gerou resultados consistentes de ETdiária, sendo possível utilizá-la no como indicador das condições hídricas das pastagens, contribuindo para tomada de decisão que favoreça a produção da pecuária com sustentabilidade ambiental

Expression of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α and Vascular endothelial growth factor-C in locally advanced breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Locally advanced breast cancers are more prevalent in underdeveloped countries. Targeted therapy has been improved to identify hallmarks that are specific to these subtypes of tumors. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to prospectively assess the expression of Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α and vascular endothelial growth factor-C in locally advanced breast cancer patients. METHODS: Thirty women underwent incisional biopsies for the histopathological diagnosis of breast carcinoma and participated in neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The association of Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α and vascular endothelial growth factor-C with age, tumor size, histological grade, clinical staging, hormonal and axillary status, clinical and pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and the presence of c-erbB-2 antigen was studied. RESULTS: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α expression and Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression were observed in 66.7% and 63.3% of all patients, respectively, and were marginally associated with each other (p = 0.06). Among the studied variables, only positive axillary status was associated with the presence of HIF-1α (p = 0.02). Complete pathological response was significantly associated (p = 0.04) with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: We concluded that Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α was associated with a poor prognosis and that vascular endothelial growth factor-C could be used as a predictive factor in locally advanced breast cancer patients with complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Expression of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α and Vascular endothelial growth factor–C in locally advanced breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Locally advanced breast cancers are more prevalent in underdeveloped countries. Targeted therapy has been improved to identify hallmarks that are specific to these subtypes of tumors. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to prospectively assess the expression of Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α and vascular endothelial growth factor-C in locally advanced breast cancer patients. METHODS: Thirty women underwent incisional biopsies for the histopathological diagnosis of breast carcinoma and participated in neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The association of Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α and vascular endothelial growth factor-C with age, tumor size, histological grade, clinical staging, hormonal and axillary status, clinical and pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and the presence of c-erbB-2 antigen was studied. RESULTS: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α expression and Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression were observed in 66.7% and 63.3% of all patients, respectively, and were marginally associated with each other (p = 0.06). Among the studied variables, only positive axillary status was associated with the presence of HIF-1α (p = 0.02). Complete pathological response was significantly associated (p = 0.04) with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: We concluded that Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α was associated with a poor prognosis and that vascular endothelial growth factor-C could be used as a predictive factor in locally advanced breast cancer patients with complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy