Understanding and Managing Project Complexity

O uso de ferramentas de gerenciamento de projetos é condicionado por circunstâncias como os objetivos, os recursos e os objetivos do projeto. Essas circunstâncias e outras convergem para o conceito de complexidade do projeto. O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para a compreensão do conceito de complexidade dos projetos e das relações entre a complexidade e o uso de ferramentas de gerenciamento. Um questionário eletrônico, respondido por 313 gerentes de projetos do Brasil, foi a base deste estudo. A análise dos dados evidencia que a complexidade dos projetos gerenciados pelos respondentes é gerada pela criticidade dos objetivos e pode influenciar o uso das ferramentas de gerenciamento.DOI:10.5585/gep.v4i1.10

Understanding and Managing Project Complexity

O uso de ferramentas de gerenciamento de projetos é condicionado por circunstâncias como os objetivos, os recursos e os objetivos do projeto. Essas circunstâncias e outras convergem para o conceito de complexidade do projeto. O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para a compreensão do conceito de complexidade dos projetos e das relações entre a complexidade e o uso de ferramentas de gerenciamento. Um questionário eletrônico, respondido por 313 gerentes de projetos do Brasil, foi a base deste estudo. A análise dos dados evidencia que a complexidade dos projetos gerenciados pelos respondentes é gerada pela criticidade dos objetivos e pode influenciar o uso das ferramentas de gerenciamento.DOI:10.5585/gep.v4i1.10

Interannual variations in primary and secondary growth of Nothofagus pumilio and their relationships with climate

The relationships between apical (or primary) and radial (or secondary) growth, and climatic influences on both types of growth, were evaluated for Nothofagus pumilio (Nothofagaceae), the dominant subalpine tree in Patagonia. We measured the spacing and number of nodes of annual shoots developed in the period 2001-2010 in 40 N. pumilio trees growing near the upper treeline in the northern Patagonian Andes (41ºS). Variations in ring width at the base of each trunk were also recorded. Interannual variations in primary and secondary growth were significantly related to each other, and to several climate variables. Mean temperatures in winter and early spring (June to October) prior to the period of shoot extension were positively associated with both primary and secondary growth. In addition, total summer precipitation (December to March) was positively related to shoot extension, whereas mean summer temperature during the previous growth season (January to March) was directly related to radial growth. These climatic influences on N. pumilio growth may play a major role in regulating the expressions of preformation and neoformation.Fil: Magnin, Noel Amaru. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Puntieri, Javier Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Andina; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin

The role of the Magellan Strait on the southwest South Atlantic shelf

We analyze historical hydrographic data together with recent high-resolution hydrographic and underwater glider observations collected in the Magellan Strait to determine the water mass characteristics and exchanges between the continental shelves of the southeast South Pacific and southwest South Atlantic around southern South America. The near-surface salinity distribution and water mass analyses indicate a strong interoceanic connectivity associated with diluted subantarctic waters of the Pacific Ocean through the Magellan Strait which in turn are further diluted largely by inflows from the Almirantazgo Fjord via the Whiteside Channel. The lowest salinity waters reach the Atlantic shelf via the Magellan Strait. This core of low salinity waters (S < 31.5) are observed on the northern portion of the strait's Atlantic mouth and creates a strong baroclinic signal that leads to intense eastward geostrophic velocities suggesting a net Pacific to Atlantic transport (0.038–0.074 Sv, 1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1). This flow plays a significant role on the thermohaline characteristics and extent of the subantarctic shelf waters that occupy the Atlantic shelf. The low salinity inflow from the Magellan Strait combines with saltier inflows through the Le Maire Strait and farther east that feed the Atlantic shelf.Fil: Brun, Anahi Amaru. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, Nadin. Universidad de Concepción. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanografía; ChileFil: Pizarro, Oscar. Universidad de Concepción. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanografía; ChileFil: Piola, Alberto Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Does water availability regulate biomass partitioning between trunk and branches?

The extent to which a vertical trunk is differentiated from its branches is a key trait for the architecture of trees and may affect interspecific relationships. In this study, we analysed the effect of soil water availability on biomass partitioning for Nothofagus pumilio by means of a nursery experiment. Juvenile trees were subject to three irrigation conditions: no irrigation, intermediate irrigation and high irrigation. Irrigation conditions emulated the mean precipitation of the most representative environments inhabited by N. pumilio. Changes in soil water availability modified the biomass partitioning patterns of trees. In comparison to the other two conditions, high irrigation caused: (i) a higher ratio of biomass partitioning to stems than roots; (ii) more trunk growth in relation to its branches; and (iii) more photosynthetic organs relative to the aboveground biomass. Trunk size relative to that of its most recent branches was not increased by water availability. Water availability may play a significant role in the capacity of N. pumilio for space occupation due to the effects on axis differentiation.Fil: Magnin, Noel Amaru. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Cristian Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Puntieri, Javier Guido. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Andina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

Influence of trunk forking on height and diameter growth in an even-aged stand of Nothofagus pumilio

In many tree species, trunk forking plays a major role in crown construction, and stands out as an indicator of the architectural transition between juvenile and adult trees. We aimed to evaluate the effects of trunk forking on height and diameter growth of Nothofagus pumilio trees in an even-aged monospecific stand in northern Patagonia, Argentina. We used cataphyll scars and ring-width measurements to compared yearly increments in mean trunk length and diameter of trees with forked and unforked trunks. After approximately 50 years of growth, trees with a forked trunk had reached larger radial growth than unforked trees, but there was no difference in height between the two groups. The larger trunk volume of forked trees suggests that they may have a competitive advantage over unforked trees; trunk forking could therefore, influence dominance/suppression relationships. Our results suggest that morphogenetic processes associated with trunk forking influence the establishment of size hierarchies in dense stands of Nothofagus pumilio.Fil: Magnin, Noel Amaru. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Cristian Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Stecconi, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Puntieri, Javier Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. - Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentin

Effect of volcanic ash deposition on length and radial growths of a deciduous montane tree (Nothofagus pumilio)

Extreme environmental events such as volcanic eruptions can trigger plant responses that largely exceed those recorded for moderate-intensity disturbances. We assessed the effects of the June 2011 eruption of the Puyehue – Cordón Caulle volcano on the length and radial growths of juvenile Nothofagus pumilio trees at two sites located 20 (with >40 cm ash accretion) and 75 (without ash) km from the volcano. Variations in length and radial growth were evaluated for the periods 1999–2013 and 1993–2013 respectively; pre- and post-eruption growth rates were computed. The length growth of the N. pumilio trees located close to the volcano increased significantly after the eruption: shoot extensions during the growing season after the eruption were, on average, two to three times longer than average according to ontogenetic growth trends. Variations in radial growth after the eruption were comparatively less noticeable than those in length growth. No significant effects of the eruption were observed in those trees located 75 km from the volcano. In order to explain the exceptionally positive response of N. pumilio's length growth to the volcanic eruption, three non-exclusive explanations were proposed: (i) thick ash layers increase water retention in the soil; (ii) volcanic ash facilitates the access of plants to nutrients; and (iii) volcanic ashes decrease herbivory and competition. The comparatively lower sensitivity of radial growth to this extreme volcanic event is also noteworthy. These findings highlight the need to further examine how large-scale volcanic events influence structure and/or functioning of ecosystem in the Patagonian forest.Fil: Magnin, Noel Amaru. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Cristian Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Stecconi, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Passo, Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Claudia Maricel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Puntieri, Javier Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin