Five layers of receptor signaling in γδ T-Cell differentiation and activation

Copyright: © 2015 Ribeiro, Ribot and Silva-Santos. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.The contributions of γδ T-cells to immunity to infection or tumors critically depend on their activation and differentiation into effectors capable of secreting cytokines and killing infected or transformed cells. These processes are molecularly controlled by surface receptors that capture key extracellular cues and convey downstream intracellular signals that regulate γδ T-cell physiology. The understanding of how environmental signals are integrated by γδ T-cells is critical for their manipulation in clinical settings. Here, we discuss how different classes of surface receptors impact on human and murine γδ T-cell differentiation, activation, and expansion. In particular, we review the role of five receptor types: the T-cell receptor (TCR), costimulatory receptors, cytokine receptors, NK receptors, and inhibitory receptors. Some of the key players are the costimulatory receptors CD27 and CD28, which differentially impact on pro-inflammatory subsets of γδ T-cells; the cytokine receptors IL-2R, IL-7R, and IL-15R, which drive functional differentiation and expansion of γδ T-cells; the NK receptor NKG2D and its contribution to γδ T-cell cytotoxicity; and the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and BTLA that control γδ T-cell homeostasis. We discuss these and other receptors in the context of a five-step model of receptor signaling in γδ T-cell differentiation and activation, and discuss its implications for the manipulation of γδ T-cells in immunotherapy.Our work is supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/84123/2012 to Sérgio T. Ribeiro; SFRH/BPD/78135/2011 and EXPL/IMI-IMU/0170/2013 to Julie C. Ribot) and European Research Council (StG_260352 to Bruno Silva-Santos).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Minho robot football team

Research and development in the robotics field can be greatly improved by attracting people with different challenges. RoboCup consists of a new challenge in which a team of robot players are supposed to play football with similar rules to the human football. This paper describes an Autonomous Mobile Robot Minho team solution. The robots were designed and developed by a group of undergraduate students from the Group of Automation and Robotics from the Industrial Electronics Department of the University of Minho, in Guimarães (Portugal). They were all built (electronics and mechanics) and programmed from scratch with a reduced budget. The main advantage of these robots consists on the image acquisition and processing. It uses a video camera pointing upwards to a convex mirror facing down. With this technique, most of the field is visible, facilitating the strategy of the game

MINHO robot football team for 2001

This paper describes an autonomous robot football team. The work is being carried out since 1998. It describes the hardware used by the robots, the sensory system and interfaces, as well as the game strategy. Data acquisition for the perception level is carried out by the vision system, and the image processing system is described. Two cameras are used requiring sensorial fu-sion. With this architecture, an attempted is made to make the autonomous ro-bots more real world intelligent. These robots have a kicker with controlled power, which allows passing the ball to a teammate with controlled distance and direction.(undefined

Minho robotic football team

Autonomous mobile robots are ever increasing their number of different applications, even in ludic applications or in sports. In the last few years, several robotic football competitions have been organized with participating teams from all over the world. This paper describes a team of Autonomous Mobile Robots which play football, developed by the Group of Automation and Robotics at the Industrial Electronics department (School of Engineering) of the University of Minho, in Guimarães (Portugal). In these competitions each team is free to use and/or build all the different electronics, sensory systems, playing algorithms, etc. as far as they cope with the rules imposed by the organization. From every team new ideas emerge, sometimes the most incredible ones, but proving in the end that they work. These competitions proved to be very fruitful scientifically as well as very mediatic

Multifaceted CK2 in malignant and healthy T cells

Copyright © Ribeiro et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and re-production in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Among kinases that support the survival and turnover of tumor cells, the serine/threonine protein kinase CK2 has been shown to be frequently overexpressed or hyperactivated in solid and hematological malignancies. Our previous work on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) showed that CK2 maintains leukemia cell viability by phosphorylating and thereby inactivating the tumor suppressor PTEN, which results in hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling. We also demonstrated the potential of using the clinical-grade CK2-specific chemical inhibitor, CX-4945 (Silmitasertib), against primary T-ALL cells. We have now extended these findings to the rare (<10% of all cases) form of T-ALL that derives from the transformation of thymocytes belonging to the γδ T-cell lineage.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Floral association of adult Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes and Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius) with passion flowers (Passiflora edulis Sims)

Abstract. Adults of Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes and Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius) were sampled in yellow passionflower flowers, being the first record of C. tucumana associated with flowers of this plant. Associação floral de adultos de Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes e Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius) com flores de maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims) Resumo. Adultos de Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes e Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius) foram amostrados em flores de maracujá amarelo, sendo o primeiro registro de C. tucumana associada com flores dessa planta

Robot orientation with histograms on MSL

One of the most important tasks on robot soccer is localization. The team robots should self-localize on the 18 x 12 meters soccer field. Since a few years ago the soccer field has increased and the corner posts were removed and that increased the localization task complexity. One important aspect to take care for a proper localization is to find out the robot orientation. This paper proposes a new technique to calculate the robot orientation. The proposed method consists of using a histogram of white-green transitions (to detect the lines on the field) to know the robot orientation. This technique does not take much computational time and proves to be very reliable.(undefined

Minho MSL: a new generation of soccer robots

This paper describes the new generation of Minho Team robots since the last RoboCup participation. Robots have been rebuilt from top to bottom, keeping the essence of the previous generation, but lighter, faster, improved sight, new algorithms and new technology. The demands of RoboCup MSL are very high and a new breed of robots was necessary to cope with it. This paper describes a bottom-up view of the robot, the hardware used, the vision head, the high level software and some conclusions

Caracterização Mineralógica e Tecnológica do Caulim de Silvânia, Estado de Goiás.

The study aimed the mineralogical and technological characterization of various types of kaolin in the region of Silvânia - Goiás, as well as its physical and chemical processing to eliminate mineralogical impurities and upgrade the level of whiteness of kaolin. The kaolin of this region presented kaolin absolute properties, is fine to medium grained, after chemical bleaching, its whiteness reached 68.10% ISO. The results indicated that the kaolin of the region of Silvânia can be used as filler in the paper industry or in the production of ceramics

The evolution of rest-frame UV properties, Lya EWs and the SFR-Stellar mass relation at z~2-6 for SC4K LAEs

We explore deep rest-frame UV to FIR data in the COSMOS field to measure the individual spectral energy distributions (SED) of the ~4000 SC4K (Sobral et al. 2018) Lyman-alpha (Lya) emitters (LAEs) at z~2-6. We find typical stellar masses of 10$^{9.3\pm0.6}$ M$_{\odot}$ and star formation rates (SFR) of SFR$_{SED}=4.5^{+8.8}_{-2.5}$ M$_{\odot}$/yr and SFR$_{Lya}=5.9^{+6.3}_{-2.6}$ M$_{\odot}$/yr, combined with very blue UV slopes of beta=-2.0$^{+0.3}_{-0.5}$, but with significant variations within the population. M$_{UV}$ and beta are correlated in a similar way to UV-selected sources, but LAEs are consistently bluer. This suggests that LAEs are the youngest and/or most dust-poor subset of the UV-selected population. We also study the Lya rest-frame equivalent width (EW$_0$) and find 45 "extreme" LAEs with EW$_0>240$ A (3 $\sigma$), implying a low number density of $(7\pm1)\times10^{-7}$ Mpc$^{-3}$. Overall, we measure little to no evolution of the Lya EW$_0$ and scale length parameter ($w_0$) which are consistently high (EW$_0=140^{+280}_{-70}$ A, $w_0=129^{+11}_{-11}$ A) from z~6 to z~2 and below. However, $w_0$ is anti-correlated with M$_{UV}$ and stellar mass. Our results imply that sources selected as LAEs have a high Lya escape fraction (f$_{esc, Lya}$) irrespective of cosmic time, but f$_{esc, Lya}$ is still higher for UV-fainter and lower mass LAEs. The least massive LAEs (