O processo de ensino formativo em uma instituição policial estruturada em cargo único: o caso da Polícia Rodoviária Federal

The relation between training education and the policing model reproduced in the state police is a topic that has attracted the attention of relevants researches in ​​the public security area, however, there is a lack of studies on the subject in the police under responsibility of the Union. In view of this scenario, this article aimed to investigate the teaching process of the Training Course for new members of the Federal Road Police (PRF, in Portuguese) carried out from 2014 to 2016. For this purpose, the teaching process was elaborated as the dynamic performance between objectives-contents-methods under certain conditions. The methodology was based on a qualitative and exploratory approach, with data collection through semi-structured interviews with teachers, and processing through content analysis. The results indicated that, from a qualified teaching staff, the teaching process was marked by a symmetrical and participatory planning, balanced structure between theoretical and practical aspects of the classes, use of didactic resources contextualized to the activity, quantitative and qualitative assessment of students and horizontal relationships between teachers and students. We concluded that the teaching process of the PRF Training Course reflects a professional model influenced by the structuring of the career in a single position, and differs from vertical training models, which are bachelor’s degrees and have an emphasis on fighting crime. The training model of the PRF presents as an alternative for other public security institutions, although the need for further training studies in police institutions structured in a single position is recognized.A relação entre o ensino de formação e o modelo de policiamento reproduzidos nas polícias estaduais é um tema que tem despertado a atenção de relevantes pesquisas na área de segurança pública, existindo, entretanto, uma lacuna de estudos do tema nas polícias de responsabilidade da União. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo do presente artigo foi investigar o processo de ensino do Curso de Formação para novos integrantes da Polícia Rodoviária Federal (PRF) realizados no período de 2014 a 2016. Para este fim, o processo de ensino foi concebido como a atuação dinâmica entre objetivos-conteúdos-métodos sob determinadas condições. A metodologia lastreou-se na abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, com coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com docentes, e tratamento mediante análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que, a partir de um corpo docente qualificado, o processo de ensino foi marcado por um planejamento simétrico e participativo, estruturação equilibrada entre aspectos teóricos e práticos das aulas, uso dos recursos didáticos contextualizado à atividade, avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa dos alunos e relações horizontais entre docentes e discentes. Conclui-se que o processo de ensino do curso de formação da PRF reflete um modelo profissional e influenciado pela estruturação da carreira em cargo único, diferenciando-se de modelos formativos verticalizados, bacharelistas e com ênfase no combate ao crime. O modelo formativo da PRF apresenta-se como alternativa para outras instituições de segurança pública, ainda que se reconheça a necessidade de mais estudos de formação em instituições policiais estruturadas em cargo único

Métodos de aplicação de potássio na soja em nitossolo vermelho

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar qual o melhor método de aplicação de Cloreto de potássio (KCl) no cultivo da soja, avaliando os componentes de produtividade. O experimento foi conduzido no Município de Campos Novos, SC, sob sistema de plantio direto consolidado e cultura aveia preta. A cultivar de soja utilizada foi a BMX Vanguarda 6160 IPRO, com densidade de semeadura de 260.000 plantas ha-1. Os tratamentos foram aplicados no dia da semeadura e compostos da mesma dose de KCl aplicado de maneiras diferentes, ficando assim dispostos: Testemunha = 0 kg ha-1; 150 kg ha-1, 100% no sulco de semeadura; 150 kg ha-1, 25% no sulco e 75% em superfície; e 150 kg ha-1, 100% em superfície. Foram avaliados os componentes do rendimento e o teor de K nas folhas do terceiro trifólio logo após florescimento. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste Tukey a 5% de significância e conclui-se que quando a aplicação de potássio foi realizada 100% em superfície ou 75% em superfície e 25% no sulco de semeadura ele contribuiu para o incremento de produtividade, justificando os custos com uma operação adicional de manejo. A aplicação da dose integral de K no sulco de semeadura não diferiu significativamente da testemunha, provavelmente em razão do nível de K no solo alto. Com isso, constata-se que mesmo em um ano agrícola com alto volume de precipitação pluviométrica, a retirada da adubação potássica do sulco de semeadura diminui a salinidade e traz resultados positivos e rentáveis para o sistema de produção de soja.Palavras-chave: Cloreto de Potássio. Salinidade. Glycine max L

Influência da densidade foliar na distribuição de calda no dossel do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.)

The inadequacy of the spray volume applied to the target can result in low efficiency and environmental contamination. The objective was to evaluate the influence of canopy characteristics in the distribution of syrup in coffee (Coffea arabica L.). The treatments were applied in a C. cv. “plot Red-144 Catuaí” with average growing volume of 12501 m³ ha-1. The treatments were arranged in sub-scheme of split plots, being three foliar densities (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg m-3 plant-1) constituting the plots, five spray volumes (200; 300; 500, 600 and 800 L ha-1) constituting the subplots and three positions in the coffee canopy (upper Third, middle and lower) constituting the sub-subplots, with four replications. The evaluations were conducted in the months of March, July and December 2015. The variables analyzed were: spray deposition drops density (DD), volume median diameter (VMD) of the droplets and relative amplitude (SPAN) drops spectrum. Density 1.0 kg m-3 plant-1 provided higher spray deposition at densities of 1.5 and 2.0 kg m-3 plant-1 in top positions, middle and lower. In the middle position the leaf density 2.0 kg m-3plant-1 provided DD drops 52 and 44% lower than the 1.0 to 1.5 kg m-3 plant-1, respectively. The average VMD was 184 m and the SPAN 1,3. We conclude that the increase in leaf density provides significant reduction in spray distribution within the canopy of the coffee plants.A falta de adequação do volume de calda aplicado no alvo pode resultar em baixa eficácia e contaminação ambiental. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a influência das características do dossel na distribuição de calda na cultura do café (Coffea arabica L.). Os tratamentos foram aplicados em um talhão de C. arabica cv. ‘Catuaí Vermelho-144”, com volume vegetativo médio de 12501 m³ ha-1. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas, sendo: três densidades foliares (1,0; 1,5 e 2,0, kg m-3 planta-1) constituindo as parcelas, cinco volumes de calda (200; 300; 500; 600 e 800 L ha-1) constituindo as subparcelas e três posições no dossel do cafeeiro (Terço superior, mediano e inferior) constituindo as sub-subparcelas, com quatro repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas nos meses de Março, Julho e Dezembro de 2015. As variáveis analisadas foram: deposição de calda, densidade de gotas (DEN), diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV) das gotas e amplitude relativa (SPAN) do espectro de gotas. A densidade 1,0 kg m-3 planta-1 proporcionou deposição de calda superior às densidades de 1,5 e 2,0 kg m-3 planta-1 nas posições superior, mediana e inferior. Na posição mediana a densidade foliar 2,0 kg m-3 planta-1 proporcionou DEN de gotas 52 e 44 % inferior às de 1,0 e 1,5 kg m-3 planta-1, respectivamente. O DMV médio foi de 184 µm e o SPAN de 1,3. Conclui-se que o aumento da densidade foliar proporciona redução significativa na distribuição de calda no interior do dossel das plantas de café

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification of mycobacterium bovis in bovinae

In this study, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was used to identify Mycobacterium bovis from cattle and buffalo tissue isolates from the North and South regions of Brazil, grown in solid medium and previously identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based on Region of Difference 4 (RD4), sequencing and spoligotyping. For this purpose, the protein extraction protocol and the mass spectra reference database were optimized for the identification of 80 clinical isolates of mycobacteria. As a result of this optimization, it was possible to identify and differentiate M. bovis from other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex with 100% specificity, 90.91% sensitivity and 91.25% reliability. MALDI-TOF MS methodology described herein provides successful identification of M. bovis within bovine/bubaline clinical samples, demonstrating its usefulness for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis in the future.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Bacanelli, Gisele. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Biotechnology and Biodiversity of the Central Western Region Postgraduate Program; BrasilFil: Olarte, Larissa C. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Multicentric Postgraduate Program; BrasilFil: Silva, Marcio Roberto. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa). Gado de Leite; BrasilFil: Rodrigues, Rudielle A. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Sciences Postgraduate Program; BrasilFil: Carneiro, Paulo A. M. Michigan State University. Center for Comparative Epidemiology; Estados UnidosFil: Kannene, John B. Michigan State University. Center for Comparative Epidemiology; Estados UnidosFil: Pasquatti, Taynara N. Dom Bosco Catholic University; BrasilFil: Takatani, Haruo. Agricultural Defense Agency of Amazonas; BrasilFil: Zumarraga, Martin Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Etges, Rodrigo N. Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation; BrasilFil: Araujo, Flabio Ribeiro de. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa). Gado de Corte; BrasilFil: Verbisck, Newton V. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa). Gado de Corte; Brasi

Determinação do índice de volume de pulverização para a cultura do café

The adjustment of the spray volume according to the volume of vegetation has exhibited a way to make the most efficient pesticide applications. However, for the adoption of this method for the coffee, the determination of the volume index is still needed. Thus, the aim was to determine the volumetric rate of spraying for coffee (Coffea arabica ). The treatments were arranged in blocks following factorial (5 x 5), five spray volumes (200, 300, 500, 600 and 800 L ha-1) and five vegetative volume (TRV) with four replicates. We conducted the evaluation of leaf density prior to the application of treatments in three development stages (filling, maturation and post-harvest fruit). We analyzed the spray deposition (SD), density of the droplets (DD), the volumetric median diameter (VMD) of the droplets and relative amplitude (SPAN) of droplet spectrum. The applied spray volumes were converted to volumetric index (VI). There was no interaction between TRV and water volume (p> 0.05) for the variables SD and DD answers. In the evaluation performed during the maturation stage, leaf density was 29% higher at the time of post-harvest and the maximum SD obtained was 0.74 cm 2 uL. The VMD medium obtained was 217 m and the span 1,1. The adjustment of the curve DD according VI allowed to estimate a reduction of up to 47% of the spray volume applied. It was concluded that the VI set according to the changes in leaf density reduces the spray volume applied to coffee plantations.O ajuste do volume de calda de acordo como o volume de vegetação tem-se mostrado uma forma de tornar as aplicações de agrotóxicos mais eficientes. Porém, para adoção deste método para o cafeeiro ainda é necessário a determinação do Índice volumétrico. Assim, objetivou-se determinar do índice volumétrico de pulverização para a cultura do café (Coffea arabica .) Os tratamentos foram dispostos em blocos seguindo fatorial (5 x 5), sendo cinco volumes de calda (200; 300; 500; 600 e 800 L ha-1) e cinco volumes vegetativos (TRV), com quatro repetições. Realizou-se a avaliação de densidade foliar previamente às aplicações dos tratamentos em três estádios de desenvolvimento (enchimento, maturação e pós-colheita dos frutos). Analisou-se a deposição de calda (DEP), densidade de gotas (DEN), diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV) das gotas e amplitude relativa (SPAN) do espectro de gotas. Os volumes de calda aplicados foram convertidos em índice volumétrico (IV). Não houve interação ente TRV e volume de calda (p > 0,05) para as variáveis respostas DEP e DEN. Na avaliação realizada durante o estádio de maturação, a densidade foliar foi 29% superior à época de pós-colheita e a DEP máxima obtida foi de 0,74 µL cm-2. O DMV médio obtido foi de 217 µm e o SPAN de 1,1. O ajuste da curva de DEN de acordo com o IV permitiu estimar uma redução em até 47% do volume de calda aplicado. Concluiu-se que o ajuste do IV de acordo com as variações de densidades foliares permite reduzir o volume de calda aplicado em lavouras de café

Effective/cost effective interventions of child mental health problems in low- and middle-income countries (LAMIC): a protocol systematic review

Background: This systematic review protocol aims to examine the evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions for children and adolescents with, or at risk of developing mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs). Methods: We will search Medline Ovid, EMBASE Ovid, PsycINFO Ovid, CINAHL, LILACS, BDENF and IBECS. We will include randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, economic modelling studies and economic evaluations. Participants are 6 to 18 year-old children and adolescents who live in a LAMIC and who present with, or are at high risk of developing, one or more of the conditions: depression, anxiety, behavioural disorders, eating disorders, psychosis, substance abuse, autism and intellectual disabilities as defined by the DSM-V. Interventions which address suicide, self-harm will also be included, if identified during the extraction process. We will include in person or e-health interventions which have some evidence of effectiveness (in relation to clinical and/or functional outcomes) and which have been delivered to young people in LAMICs. We will consider a wide range of delivery channels (e.g., in person, web-based or virtual, phone), different practitioners (healthcare practitioners, teachers, lay health care providers) and sectors (i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary health care, education, guardianship councils). In the pilot of screening procedures, 5% of all references will be screened by two reviewers. Divergences will be resolved by one expert in mental health research. Reviewers will be retrained afterwards to ensure reliability. The remaining 95% will be screened by one reviewer. Covidence web-based tool will be used to perform screening of references and full text paper, and data extraction. Results: The protocol of this systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. The results will be presented descriptively and, if possible, meta-analysis will be conducted. Ethical approval is not needed for anonymised secondary data. Conclusion: the systematic review could help health specialists and other professionals to identify evidence-based strategies to deal with child and adolescents with mental health conditions

Evaluating the impact of modeling the family effect for clonal selection in potato-breeding programs

Because of its wide distribution, high yield potential, and short cycle, the potato has become essential for global food security. However, the complexity of tetrasomic inheritance, the high level of heterozygosity of the parents, the low multiplication rate of tubers, and the genotype-by-environment interactions impose severe challenges on tetraploid potato–breeding programs. The initial stages of selection take place in experiments with low selection accuracy for many of the quantitative traits of interest, for example, tuber yield. The goal of this study was to investigate the contribution of incorporating a family effect in the estimation of the total genotypic effect and selection of clones in the initial stage of a potato-breeding program. The evaluation included single trials (STs) and multi-environment trials (METs). A total of 1,280 clones from 67 full-sib families from the potato-breeding program at Universidade Federal de Lavras were evaluated for the traits total tuber yield and specific gravity. These clones were distributed in six evaluated trials that varied according to the heat stress level: without heat stress, moderate heat stress, and high heat stress. To verify the importance of the family effect, models with and without the family effect were compared for the analysis of ST and MET data for both traits. The models that included the family effect were better adjusted in the ST and MET data analyses for both traits, except when the family effect was not significant. Furthermore, the inclusion of the family effect increased the selective efficiency of clones in both ST and MET analyses via an increase in the accuracy of the total genotypic value. These same models also allowed the prediction of clone effects more realistically, as the variance components associated with family and clone effects within a family were not confounded. Thus, clonal selection based on the total genotypic value, combining the effects of family and clones within a family, proved to be a good alternative for potato-breeding programs that can accommodate the logistic and data tracking required in the breeding program

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO