ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Geração de DSMs e ortoimagens RADARSAT-2 Ultra-Fine utilizando a modelagem Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs)

This paper presents the first results obtained in the evaluation of the planialtimetric accuracy of Digital Surface Models (DSM) and orthoimages generated from a stereo pair of RADARSAT-2 (RST-2) Ultra-Fine (UF) images, polarization C-HH, for an area located in the Curaçá River Valley, State of Bahia, Brazil. For the DSMs and orthoimage generation it was used a mathematical modeling based on the use of Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs), available with RADARSAT-2 Ultra-Fine images. The DSMs and orthoimages were generated without and with one Ground Control Point (GCP). Precise topographic field information acquired from geodetic Global Positioning System (GPS) was used as GCPs for the generation of the DSM and orthoimages and as Independent Check Points (ICPs) for the calculation of the products accuracies. The analysis was performed following the calculations of systematic error (bias) and precision. The test for significant systematic error was based on the Students-t distribution and the test of precision was based on the Chi-squared distribution. The results have shown that the accuracy of the RADARSAT-2 Ultra-Fine DSMs and orthoimages met the requirements for 1:50,000 map (Class A) as requested by the Brazilian Standard for Cartographic Accuracy. Thus, the use of RADARSAT-2 Ultra-Fine images can be considered a promising alternative for detailed topographic mapping in similar environments of the Brazilian territory.Pages: 8129-813

Utilização de um par estereoscópico de imagens Ultra-fine do RADARSAT-2 em uma análise estrutural no Vale do Rio Curaçá, Bahia

The Curaçá River Valley, an important Cu-rich district of the Bahia state, is part of the São Francisco Craton. The lithological units in the region of Curaçá River Valley can be grouped as Archean gneisses and granulites interbedded with ferruginous rocks, quartzites, amphibolites, mafic-ultramafic intrusives and Upper Proterozoic marbles/limestones, schists, and phyllites. The gneissicgranulitic complex is cut by Cu-mineralized intrusives. Massive and disseminated sulfides are associated with pyroxenites and weak disseminated sulfides to norites, gabbro-norites, and anorthosites. The test-site is part of the archean and paleoproterozic crust of the São Francisco Craton and encompasses granulitic and gneissic rocks. During the Paleoproterozoic Transamazonian Cycle in the Bahia state four archean crustal segments (Gavião, Jequié, Serrinha and Itabuna-Salvador-Curaçá) collided resulting in crustal thickening, re-orientation of the geological structures in a north-south trending and the formation of an important paleoproterozoic mountain belt (Itabuna-Salvador-Curaça Belt - ISCB). The study area is partially located in ISCB, a north-south trending granulite-amphibolite belt, and partially located in Serrinha block, composed of orthogneisses and migmatites. Ultra-fine C-band high-resolution images of the RADARSAT-2 were used in a structural detailed study through visual stereoscopic analysis in the 3D Stereo package of the PCI Geomatics software (3D visualization computer system). The results of the study showed: 1- There are a well-defined structural unconformity marked in SAR images by two different sets of metamorphic foliations in the region near the contact Serrinha block ISCB; 2- the litho-structural control is defined in the contact between migmatitic rocks (metamorphic foliation N10\ub0-20\ub0E) and gneissic rocks (metamorphic foliation N20\ub0-30\ub0E); 3- kinematic analysis (SAR images and field observations) indicates ductile deformation with sinistral movement along N10\ub0-20\ub0E metamorphic foliation; 4- the litho-structural arrangement in the rocks of this region reflect the paleoproterozoic colisional events.Pages: 3419-342

Avaliação nutricional da casca de soja integral ou moída, ensilada ou não, para suínos em fase de crescimento = Nutritional evaluation of whole or grinder soybean hull, ensilaged or not, for growing pigs

Foi conduzido um experimento com 11 suínos híbridos, machos castrados,com peso vivo de 41,42 ± 0,99 kg. Os animais foram alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo e distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas, com quatro tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (moagem x ensilagem). Os alimentos avaliados foram: a casca de soja (CS) integral (CSI), CS moída (CSM), silagem de CSI (SCSI) e silagem de CSM (SCSM), que substituíram, com base na matéria seca (MS), 25% da ração referência e resultaram em quatro rações teste, sendoadicionado um inoculante enzimático microbiano nas silagens. Houve diferença somente para o CDPB em relação ao processamento da CS (ensilada = 68,08% e não ensilada = 59,44%). Conclui-se que a moagem e/ou ensilagem da CS, não tem efeito sobre a digestibilidade da MS, da MO, da EB, bem como sobre a metabolizabilidade da energia bruta. A ensilagem aumenta a digestibilidade da PB da casca de soja.<br><br>An experiment was carried out using 11 crossbred pigs, barrows with body weight of 41.42 ± 0.99 kg. Pigs were allotted in metabolism cages, in a complete randomized design, in a split-plot design, with four treatments in a 2 x 2 (grinding x ensilage) factorial and two replicates. Soybean hull (SH) in the whole form (WSH), ground SH (GSH), WSH silage (WSHS) and GSH silage (GSHS), that replaced (based on dry matter) 25% of the reference diet, were evaluated resulting in four test diets. Enzymatic microbial inoculants were included in the silages production. Crude protein digestibility coefficient of soybean hull ensilage (68.08%) was higher than no silage (59.44%), regardless grinding. Results showed that grinding and/or ensilage do not modify dry matter, organic matter, and gross energy digestibility, as well as energy metabolism. The ensilage processincreases the crude protein digestibility coefficient of soybean hull, regardless grinding

Avaliação nutricional da casca de soja integral ou moída, ensilada ou não, para suínos em fase de crescimento - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i1.249

An experiment was carried out using 11 crossbred pigs, barrows with body weight of 41.42 ± 0.99 kg. Pigs were allotted in metabolism cages, in a complete randomized design, in a split-plot design, with four treatments in a 2 x 2 (grinding x ensilage) factorial and two replicates. Soybean hull (SH) in the whole form (WSH), ground SH (GSH), WSH silage (WSHS) and GSH silage (GSHS), that replaced (based on dry matter) 25% of the reference diet, were evaluated resulting in four test diets. Enzymatic microbial inoculants were included in the silages production. Crude protein digestibility coefficient of soybean hull ensilage (68.08%) was higher than no silage (59.44%), regardless grinding. Results showed that grinding and/or ensilage do not modify dry matter, organic matter, and gross energy digestibility, as well as energy metabolism. The ensilage process increases the crude protein digestibility coefficient of soybean hull, regardless grinding.Foi conduzido um experimento com 11 suínos híbridos, machos castrados, com peso vivo de 41,42 ± 0,99 kg. Os animais foram alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo e distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas, com quatro tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (moagem x ensilagem). Os alimentos avaliados foram: a casca de soja (CS) integral (CSI), CS moída (CSM), silagem de CSI (SCSI) e silagem de CSM (SCSM), que substituíram, com base na matéria seca (MS), 25% da ração referência e resultaram em quatro rações teste, sendo adicionado um inoculante enzimático microbiano nas silagens. Houve diferença somente para o CDPB em relação ao processamento da CS (ensilada = 68,08% e não ensilada = 59,44%). Conclui-se que a moagem e/ou ensilagem da CS, não tem efeito sobre a digestibilidade da MS, da MO, da EB, bem como sobre a metabolizabilidade da energia bruta. A ensilagem aumenta a digestibilidade da PB da casca de soja

Aplicação de dados SAR polarimétricos do sensor aerotransportado R99B para mapeamento de crostas lateríticas do platô mineralizado em ferro de N1 (Carajás - Pa)

This research has evaluated the potential of polarimetric L-band SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images for iron mineralized lateritic crust discrimination in a moist tropical environment of the Amazon region. The study area comprised the N1 plateau, one of the deposits that are part of the world's largest iron reserves, located on the northern border of the Carajas Mineral Province, Pará. This plateau is dominantly covered by a type-savanna vegetation (Campus rupestres). The three main superficial lithounits in the area are classified as chemical duricrust, iron-ore duricrust and hematite, with the latter having economic interest. The polarimetric quad-pol L-band images were acquired using the airborne SAR-R99B sensor from the SIVAM/CENSIPAM system. The techniques of digital classification of polarimetric images based on the polarimetric target decomposition theory proposed by Cloude & Pottier were evaluated. The validation of classification obtained from the Cloude-Pottier scheme has indicated a poor performance for the polarimetric classifier, with an overall poor Kappa value. The hitting indexes for classes of economic interest have values ranging from 55% to 89%, but at the expenses of high values of commission error.Pages: 8091-809

<b>Efeito dos tratamentos com autoclave e/ou ácido tânico na degradabilidade <em>in situ</em> e na digestibilidade <em>in vitro</em> de grãos de canola</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v26i4.1735

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a realização de um experimento utilizando grãos de canola com o intuito de avaliar a degradabilidade in situ e a digestibilidade in vitro. Os tratamentos foram: 1) grãos de canola tratados com água (controle - CTH); 2) em autoclave a 127ºC por 30 min (CTA), 3) com ácido tânico (CTT) e 4) com ácido tânico seguido de autoclave (CTTA). O efeito desses tratamentos sobre a degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca (DEMS) e da proteína bruta (DEPB) foi avaliado pela técnica de sacos de náilon, usando duas vacas da raça Holandesa canuladas no rúmen. O efeito da digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS) e da PB (DIVPB), foi avaliado com o uso do sistema DAISY da ANKOM® Technology Corporation. Os tratamentos calor e ácido tânico aplicados de forma isolados aos grãos de canola aumentaram significativamente (P<0,05) a solubilidade da fração “a” da MS. A DEMS do tratamento CTA foi superior a todos os demais. A DIVMS, por sua vez, foi idêntica para todos os tratamentos. A fração solúvel “a” da PB foi significativamente (P<0,05) reduzida sob o efeito do calor e, principalmente, quando este último foi associado ao ácido tânico (CTTA), devido à interação ocorrida entre ambos (P<0,01). O tratamento CTTA foi o único efetivo em reduzir a DEPB (76,7%) em relação a CTH, CTA e CTT, respectivamente, 84,7%; 84,3% e 84,2%. Todos os tratamentos promoveram aumento na DIVPB em relação ao controle (P<0,01). Conclui-se, portanto, que o CTTA foi o tratamento mais indicado com vistas à obtenção de grãos de canola com menor degradabilidade ruminal sem alterar as DIVMS e aumentando a DIVPB