Système de mesure de la température d'un processeur en temps réel par thermographie infrarouge

RÉSUMÉ L’analyse thermique de tout composant électronique est souvent limitée par l’incapacité d’obtention de données de température précises et détaillées. Ainsi la validation des modèles thermiques élaborés pour décrire le comportement des microprocesseurs se fait soit par simulation sans la mesure en temps réel des réponses de chaque composant soit via l’utilisation des thermocouples comme méthode de collecte de données dans des zones spécifiques de la puce. Les deux méthodes présentent certaines lacunes: La simulation est fondée sur des modèles imparfaits tandis que la collecte des données ne peut pas donner des valeurs précises de la température. Pour résoudre ce problème, la mise en place d’une nouvelle méthodologie de validation de modèle de simulation a fait l’objet de ce travail. Cette méthodologie consiste à l’utilisation de la thermographie IR pour la capture de la distribution de la température et la dissipation de la puissance d’une puce en temps réel. L’installation d’un tel système de mesure nécessite le remplacement du système de refroidissement installé sur le processeur par un autre système permettant le passage des radiations IR qui seront détectées par la caméra infrarouge. Pour ce faire, nous avons eu recours à deux solutions, l’utilisation de l’huile minérale et le module à effet de Peltier. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus avec la deuxième solution proposée qui a permis un meilleur contrôle et une stabilisation de la température. Les résultats montrent que les deux ICTherm et Comsol fournissent des valeurs de température qui se trouvent dans la précision de la caméra infrarouge utilisé dans cette étude (± 2 ºC).----------ABSTRACT The thermal analysis of any electronic component is often limited by the inability to obtain detailed and accurate temperature data. To validate any thermal model developed to describe the behavior of microprocessors, two methods are currently used. One technique simulates the thermal response of each component given a certain input; the other uses thermocouples as a method of data collection in specific chip areas. Both methods have various shortcomings: simulation relies on imperfect models, while data collection cannot provide fine-grained temperature values. To solve this problem, we investigated the establishment of a new methodology to validate a thermal simulation model. It involves the use of infrared thermography to capture the distribution of temperature and the power dissipation of a chip in real time. The installation of such a measurement system requires the replacement of the cooling system installed on the processor by another system which enables the passage of IR radiation to be detected by the camera. Two solutions were proposed, the use of mineral oil and a thermoelectric cooler (a Peltier module). The best results were obtained with the latter, allowing better control and temperature stabilization. The data collected by our system were then used to validate the accuracy of the thermal of two thermal models, Comsol and ICTherm. Results show that both ICTherm and Comsol provide temperature values that are within the accuracy of the infrared camera used in this study, i.e. ± 2 ºC

Quince peel polyphenolic extract blocks human colon adenocarcinoma LS174 cell growth and potentiates 5-fluorouracil efficacy

Additional file: Figure S1. The effect of combination of Peph phenolic compounds on proliferation of LS174 cells compared to total Peph extract. Human colon adenocarcinoma LS174 cells were treated for 72 h with different combinations (A. 3 combinations, B. 4 combinations, C. 5 combinations) of Peph phenolic compounds. All compounds where tested at equivalent concentrations to that present in 5 Οg/ml of the total peel polyphenolic extract. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay

Risk factors for in-hospital mortality among patients with coronavirus-19 in Isfahan City, Iran

Background: The aim of the study is to explore the risk factors of mortality for hospitalized patients in three designated hospitals in Isfahan province.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on all positive coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 patients admitted to Khorshid, Isabn Maryam, and Amin hospitals in Isfahan province. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data of patients who were died or discharged from February 24, 2020, to April 18, 2020, were extracted from patient's medical records.Results: Overall 1044 COVID-19 patients were included in this analysis. Based on the findings of this study, older age (& GE;65 years) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-3.76), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) history (aHR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.09-5.83), white blood cell (WBC) counts more than 10 x 103/L (aHR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.42-6.55), Hb level < 13 gr/L (aHR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.34-5.93), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (aHR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.12-3.64) at admission, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (aHR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.01-3.47), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (aHR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.04-4.18) during hospitalization were risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.Conclusions: Multiple factors were found related to the severity and death among COVID-19 patients. We were found that older age (& GE;65 years) with COPD history, high level of WBC, low level of Hb (< 13 g/L), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates at admission, development of ARDS, and ICU admission during hospitalization were identified as risk factors of death among COVID-19 patients. More related studies are needed in the futur