Biblical performance criticism : Performance as research

Traditionally, scholars have studied the writings of the New Testament by reading them silently and in private. For centuries, we scholars have been treating these scriptures as "writings"--written to be studied and interpreted as manuscripts, written to be broken up into episodes and verses for scholarly analysis. We have been dealing with them as if they originated as part of a print culture. But this is not at all how the early Christians of the first century experienced the writings in the context of the oral cultures of the ancient Mediterranean world. It is the thesis of this paper that the contents of the writings that comprise the New Testament were originally composed and experienced orally. As such, the New Testament writings ought to be treated as remnants of oral events. That is, we need to study the writings of the New Testament as (trans)scripts of performances in an oral culture.Issue title: Oral Tradition in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

A rubric for grading laboratory research paper writing assignments in plant biology

Writing a research paper based on a course laboratory research project is challenging for many students. In addition to providing a 3 page summary on how to write the paper (with details on the type and format of the content to be included for each section), I provide a detailed grading rubric that also contains an outline of the topics to be included in the paper. This rubric was further refined in the Winter 2020 (Q2S) Writing Intensive Faculty Learning Community (WI FLC)

Rape Survivors: The Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress and Locus of Control on the Hoping Process

The current study examined the relationship between hope. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and locus of control in a sample, of 18 rape survivors and 18 non-raped females over 18 years of age. Instruments utilized were Herth Hope Scale, Structured Interview for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Impact of Events, and Locus of Control Scales. It was hypothesized that rape survivors would exhibit a lower level of hope, higher levels of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and an external locus of control. Independent t-tests revealed that rape trauma impacts Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Independent t-tests were inconclusive among the hope, impact of events, and locus of control variables among the group means. Pearson Correlations indicated that as hope levels increased, post traumatic levels decreased and that as hope levels increased, locus of control became more external. Correlations also found that as post traumatic stress disorder levels increased, locus of control became more external

Classic Article: The influence of deposit-feeding organisms on sediment stability and community trophic structure

Deposit-feeding and suspension-feeding benthos in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, show marked spatial separation; suspension feeders are largely confined to sandy or firm mud bottoms while deposit feeders attain high densities on soft muddy substrata. Food source and bottom stability have been investigated as potential factors effecting this trophic-group separation. Between October 4, 1967 and August 22, 1969, observations were made at 11 stations in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, along two widely separated transects over bottoms ranging in texture from silt to fine and medium sand. Water depths at these stations ranged from 3 m to 20 m. Scuba divers made many of the field observations and collected most of the samples. This study included sampling of benthic macrofauna, taking bottom photographs, analyzing sedimentary structures, texture, organic content and water content of the sediments, and measuring both water currents and suspended sediment above the bottom. Laboratory experiments were also carried out to determine differential resuspension between burrowed and unburrowed muds. Intensive reworking of the upper few centimeters of a mud bottom by deposit feeders produces a fluid fecal-rich surface that is easily resuspended by low-velocity tidal currents. We suggest that the physical instability of this fecal surface tends to: (i) clog the filtering structures of suspension-feeding organisms, (ii) bury newly settled larvae or discourage the settling of suspension-feeding larvae, and (iii) prevent sessile epifauna from attaching to an unstable mud bottom. Thus suspension feeders are unable to successfully populate all areas of the bottom where a suspended food source is available, especially in areas where mud bottoms are intensively reworked by deposit feeders. Modification of the benthic environment by deposit feeders, resulting in the exclusion of many suspension feeders and sessile epifauna, is an example of trophic group amensalism. This biotic relationship appears to be important in shaping trophic-group distributions in embayments and basins on continental shelves

Union Station, Tacoma, Washington : a design study for a surplus rail site

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1982.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCHIncludes bibliographical references.Recent technological changes in railroads, mergers, major shifts in urban land use patterns, and declining rail passenger travel has resulted in a surplus of urban rail lands. These lands represent a significant resource for land poor cities. An unparalleled opportunity exists for major new intervention without the usual adverse effects of land assemblage and so called "urban renewal". This work is an urban design study for a 22 acre rail site and 15 acres of adjacent waterfront land in Tacoma, Washington. The site, including Union Station and its yards, is on the edge of Tacoma's central business district. Union Station represents the largest assembled parcel of developable land in the downtown area. An attempt is made to illustrate a possible site use scenario which reflects the divergent and often conflicting goals of various differing interests.by Jeffrey David Rhoads.M.Arch

Performance Criticism: An Emerging Methodology in Second Testament Studies-Part II

U 1. dijelu ovog članka nastojao sam opisati kritiku izvedbe kao discipline koja se pojavljuje u studijama Drugog zavjeta. Objasnio sam kako se mediteransko područje prvog stoljeća sastojalo većinom od usmenih kultura, da je pisanje služilo prvenstveno usmenosti, da su izvedbe bile u središtu prvih kršćanskih zajednica i da su spisi Drugog zavjeta u biti bili „ostaci“ usmenih izvedbi. Predložio sam skicu ključnih elemenata same izvedbe u nastojanju da se potaknemo na interpretiranje spisa Drugog zavjeta u okviru scenarija takvih izvedbi. Dio 2. se sastoji od dva dijela. U prvome želim istaknuti eklektičku narav kritike izvedbe i identifi cirati doprinose mnogih partnera u tom pothvatu. Ovi partneri uključuju tradicionalne metodologije, nedavne metodologije i nove pristupe biblijskim studijama u odnosu na zvedbe. U drugom dijelu izložit ću uvide i koristi koje dolaze iz mog osobnog iskustva izvođenja biblijskog materijala i uključivanje ovih iskustava u metode tumačenja koje obuhvaćaju kritiku izvedbe. Nadam se da kritika izvedbe neće predstavljati samo dodatnu alatku za istraživanje u tom polju, nego i da će paradigmatski pomak u mediju od pisanog na usmeni donijeti promjene u načinu na koji se discipline Drugog zavjeta općenito bave svojim predmetima.In Part 1 of this article, I sought to depict performance criticism as an emerging discipline in Second Testament studies. I explained how the fi rst-century Mediterranean area comprised predominantly oral cultures, that writing pri marily served orality, that performances were central to early Christian communities, and that the Second Testament writings were basically “remnants” of oral performances. I proposed an outline of the key features of the performance event in an eff ort to encourage us to interpret Second Testament writings in the context of such performance scenarios. Part 2 comprises two sections. In the fi rst section, I want to lay out the eclectic nature of performance criticism and identify the contributions of many potential partners in the enterprise. Th ese partners include traditional methodolo gies, recent methodologies, and new approaches to biblical studies related to performance. In the second section, I will lay out the insights and benefi ts that come from my personal experience of performing biblical materials and of incorporating these experiences into the methods of interpretation that comprise performance criticism. My hope is that performance criticism may not only add to the tools of research in the fi eld but also that the paradigmatic shift in medium from written to oral may bring changes in the way Second Testament disciplines in general pursue their subject matter

Performance Criticism: An Emerging Methodology in Second Testament Studies—Part I

Ovaj članak zastupa središnjost zbivanja u životu prve crkve, što je područje proučavanja koje je tradicionalno bilo zanemareno. S obzirom na neke trendove, predlaže da uspostavimo „Kritiku izvedbe“ kao posebnu disciplinu značenja i retorike spisa Drugog zavjeta i našu rekonstrukciju ranog kršćanstva. Pošto predstavlja sredstvo promjene, kritika izvedbe ima mogućnost da utječe na način kako općenito proučavamo Bibliju. Na kraju, ona može udahnuti novi život u doživljavanje Biblije u suvremenom svijetu. Prvi dio izlaže neke karakteristike usmenih kultura, mogućnost međusobnog utjecaja između pisanog i usmenog medija, i podrijetlo usmenog prijenosa u spisima Drugog zavjeta. Zatim nastojim identifi cirati različite karakteristike nekog izvedenog događaja – izvođača, slušateljstvo, materijalno okruženje, društvene okolnosti i tako dalje – kao osnovu za konstruiranje i analizu zbivanja kao mjesta tumačenja za spise Drugog zavjeta. U drugom dijelu pokazujem kako kritika izvedbe može crpiti iz resursa mnogih utvrđenih i nekih novih disciplina biblijske znanosti kao sredstva koja pridonose kritici izvedbe. Na kraju predlažem da kritika izvedbe angažira tumača na stvarno izvođenje teksta i izlažem potencijalne koristi za istraživanje od takvog izvođenja.Th is paper argues for the centrality of performance in the life of the early church, an area of study that has been traditionally neglected. In light of some emerging trends, it proposes that we establish “performance criticism” as a discrete discipline in New Testament studies to address this neglect. Performance criticism would inform in fresh ways our understanding of the meaning and rhetoric of the Second Testament writings and our reconstructions of early Christianity. Because it represents a medium change, performance criticism has the potential to impact the way we do biblical studies in general. Finally, performance could breathe new life into the experience of the Bible in the contemporary world. In Part 1, 1 lay out some features of oral cultures, the potential interplay between written and oral media, and the origins in orality of Second Testament writings. Th en, I seek to identify the various features of a performance event—performer, audience, material setting, social circumstances, and so on—as a basis to construct and analyze performance as the site of interpretation for Second Testament writings. In Part 2, I show how performance criticism could draw upon resources from many established and some new disciplines of biblical scholarship as contributors to performance criticism. Finally, I suggest that performance criticism might engage the interpreter in the actual performing of texts, and I lay out the potential research benefi ts of such an exercise

Odor Characterization at Open-Lot Beef Cattle Feedyards Using Triangular Forced-Choice Olfactometry

Odor is a growing concern at concentrated animal feeding operations as residential houses encroach upon rural areas once occupied only by agriculture. A research project was conducted to determine baseline ambient odor characteristics at large open-lot beef cattle feedyards and to develop a better understanding of when and why odors occur at feedyards. Ambient odor samples were collected two to four times per month over a 12-month period in 2002-2003 at three large commercial open-lot beef cattle feedyards in the Texas panhandle. Ambient odor samples were collected upwind of the feedyard, downwind of the pens, and downwind of the runoff storage pond. Odor samples were also collected on five separate days covering four months in 2004 from a surface isolation flux chamber to estimate odor emission rates from the feedyard surface. All odor samples were collected in 10 L Tedlar bags and analyzed with trained human odor panelists for odor concentration (detection threshold, DT) by dynamic dilution forced-choice olfactometry, intensity by reference scaling, and hedonic tone. Manure moisture content and weather data were collected on-site at each of the feedyards. At two of the feedyards, mean DTs downwind of the pens and storage pond were statistically similar to upwind DTs, ranging from 33 to 45 OU m-3. At the third feedyard, mean DTs downwind of the pens (69 OU m-3) and pond (124 OU m-3) were statistically higher than the mean upwind DT (36 OU m-3) (p \u3c 0.05). Odor emission rates ranged from 0.3 to 3.2 OU m-2 s-1 during a period when downwind DTs ranged from 17 to 132 OU m-3. A number of elevated DTs were explained by elevated manure moisture contents from recent precipitation. These results demonstrate that odor production from open-lot beef cattle feedyards is a complex phenomenon that depends at least partially on weather conditions. Thus, odor prediction and control will likely be difficult at these facilities

Aeroacoustic Simulations of a Nose Landing Gear Using FUN3D on Pointwise Unstructured Grids

Numerical simulations have been performed for a partially-dressed, cavity-closed (PDCC) nose landing gear configuration that was tested in the University of Florida's open-jet acoustic facility known as the UFAFF. The unstructured-grid flow solver FUN3D is used to compute the unsteady flow field for this configuration. Mixed-element grids generated using the Pointwise(TradeMark) grid generation software are used for these simulations. Particular care is taken to ensure quality cells and proper resolution in critical areas of interest in an effort to minimize errors introduced by numerical artifacts. A hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/large eddy simulation (RANS/LES) turbulence model is used for these simulations. Solutions are also presented for a wall function model coupled to the standard turbulence model. Time-averaged and instantaneous solutions obtained on these Pointwise grids are compared with the measured data and previous numerical solutions. The resulting CFD solutions are used as input to a Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings noise propagation code to compute the farfield noise levels in the flyover and sideline directions. The computed noise levels compare well with previous CFD solutions and experimental data