54 research outputs found

    Pathogenicity and antigenicity of a new variant of Korean nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus

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    Despite the existence of an active vaccination program, recently emerged strains of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Korea have caused significant economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we assessed the pathogenic and antigenic characteristics of a K-IIb type field strain of IBV that emerged in Korea since 2003, such as Kr/Q43/06. Specific pathogen free 1-week-old chickens exhibited severe respiratory symptoms (dyspnea) and nephropathogenic lesions (swollen kidneys with nephritis and urate deposits) following challenge with the recent IBV field strain. The antigenic relatedness (R value), based on a calculated virus neutralization index, of the K-IIb type field strain and K-IIa type strain KM91 (isolated in 1991) was 30%, which indicated that the recent strain, Kr/Q43/06, is a new variant that is antigenically distinct from strain KM91. This report is the first to document the emergence of a new antigenic variant of nephropathogenic IBV in chicken from Korea

    Trichomonas vaginalis Induces SiHa Cell Apoptosis by NF-κB Inactivation via Reactive Oxygen Species

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    Trichomonas vaginalis induces apoptosis in host cells through various mechanisms; however, little is known about the relationship between apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NF-κB signaling pathways in the cervical mucosal epithelium. Here, we evaluated apoptotic events, ROS production, and NF-κB activity in T. vaginalis-treated cervical mucosal epithelial SiHa cells, with or without specific inhibitors, using fluorescence microscopy, DNA fragmentation assays, subcellular fractionation, western blotting, and luciferase reporter assay. SiHa cells treated with live T. vaginalis at a multiplicity of infection of 5 (MOI 5) for 4 h produced intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in a parasite-load-dependent manner. Incubation with T. vaginalis caused DNA fragmentation, cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP, and release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. T. vaginalis-treated SiHa cells showed transient early NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, which dramatically dropped at 4 h after treatment. Suppression of NF-κB activity was dependent on parasite burden. However, treatment with the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-C-cysteine (NAC), reversed the effect of T. vaginalis on apoptosis and NF-κB inactivation in SiHa cells. Taken together, T. vaginalis induces apoptosis in human cervical mucosal epithelial cells by parasite-dose-dependent ROS production through an NF-κB-regulated, mitochondria-mediated pathway

    The neural substrates of affective face recognition in patients with Hwa-Byung and healthy individuals in Korea

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    Hwa-Byung (HB) is a Korean culture-bound psychiatric syndrome caused by the suppression of anger. HB patients have various psychological and somatic symptoms, such as chest discomfort, a sensation of heat, and the sensation of having an epigastric mass. In this study, we measured brain activity in HB patients and healthy individuals in response to affective facial stimuli. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the current study measured neural responses to neutral, sad, and angry facial stimuli in 12 healthy individuals and 12 patients with HB. In response to all types of facial stimuli, HB patients showed increased activations in the lingual gyrus and fusiform gyrus compared with healthy persons, but they showed relatively lower activation in the thalamus. We also found that patients with HB showed lower activity in response to the neutral condition in the right ACC than healthy controls. The current study indicates that the suppression of affect results in aberrant function of the brain regions of the visual pathway, and functional impairment in the ACC may contribute to the pathophysiology of HB.Lee BT, 2007, PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH, V31, P1487, DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.06.030Pfleiderer B, 2007, WORLD J BIOL PSYCHIA, V8, P269, DOI 10.1080/15622970701216673FRODL T, 2007, WORLD J BIO IN PRESSKIM MJ, 2007, J PSYCHIATR RES, V42, P268Wang W, 2006, NAT NEUROSCI, V9, P1330, DOI 10.1038/nn1768Strauss MM, 2005, NEUROIMAGE, V26, P389, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.053Seminowicz DA, 2004, NEUROIMAGE, V22, P409, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.015LEE WH, 2004, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V43, P552Yucel M, 2003, J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI, V28, P350Adams RB, 2003, SCIENCE, V300, P1536MURPHY FC, 2003, COGN AFFECT BEHAV NE, V3, P207Rauch SL, 2003, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V985, P389Yang TT, 2002, NEUROREPORT, V13, P1737Sanders GS, 2002, TRENDS COGN SCI, V6, P190BRETT M, 2002, 8 INT C FUNCT MAPP H, V16WHALEN PJ, 2002, SEMIN CLIN NEUROPSYC, V7, P234PARK YJ, 2002, HEALTH CARE WOMEN IN, V23, P389Whalen PJ, 2001, EMOTION, V1, P70, DOI 10.1037/1528-3542.1.1.70PARK YJ, 2001, J TRANSCULT NURS, V12, P115Damasio AR, 2000, NAT NEUROSCI, V3, P1049Haxby JV, 2000, TRENDS COGN SCI, V4, P223*AM PSYCH ASS, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENTHAN OS, 2000, STRUCTURED CLIN INTEPhillips ML, 1999, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V92, P11Blair RJR, 1999, BRAIN, V122, P883Sprengelmeyer R, 1998, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V265, P1927Kanwisher N, 1997, J NEUROSCI, V17, P4302SERGENT J, 1992, BRAIN, V115, P15Felleman DJ, 1991, CEREB CORTEX, V1, P1, DOI 10.1093/cercor/1.1.1MIN SK, 1989, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V28, P604LIN KM, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P105EKMAN P, 1980, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V39, P1125OLDFIELD RC, 1971, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V9, P97HAMILTON M, 1967, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V6, P278

    Ginsenoside Rg3-enriched Korean red ginseng extract attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by way of suppressed VCAM-1 expression in liver sinusoidal endothelium

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    Background: The incidence and clinical importance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged. However, effective therapeutic strategies for NAFLD have yet to be found. Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) is a traditional herb in Eastern Asia with therapeutic effects in many chronic disorders. However, the precise effects of ginseng extract on NAFLD are currently unknown. In present study, the therapeutic effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) on the progression of NAFLD were explored. Methods: Twelve-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a chow or western diet supplemented with high sugar water solution with or without Rg3-RGE. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, serum biochemistry, western blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR were used for in vivo experiment. Conditionally immortalized human glomerular endothelial cell (CiGEnC) and primary liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were used for in vitro experiments. Results: Eight weeks of Rg3-RGE treatment significantly attenuated the inflammatory lesions of NAFLD. Furthermore, Rg3-RGE inhibited the inflammatory infiltrate in liver parenchyma and the expression of adhesive molecules to LSECs. Moreover, the Rg3-RGE exhibited similar patterns on the in vitro assays. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that Rg3-RGE treatment ameliorates NAFLD progression by inhibiting chemotaxis activities in LSECs. © 2022TRU

    Identification of potential target genes of cardioprotection against ischemia–reperfusion injury by express sequence tags analysis in rat hearts

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    SummaryBackgroundIschemic preconditioning (IPC) is a powerful mechanism for limiting myocardial infarction during or after ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. However, effective target genes and proteins for IPC are unknown. We characterized global changes in gene expression in the heart during IR, and identified effective target genes for IPC.MethodsHearts were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats under control, IR, and IPC conditions. We generated expressed-sequence-tags (ESTs) for each group and investigated their functions and the major biological processes in which they are involved using the eukaryotic clusters of orthologous groups (KOG) database and bioinformatics analysis tools.ResultsIR modified the expression of 126 genes. Of these, 62 were upregulated, 64 were downregulated, and 77 were found to be effective target genes for IPC. In KOG analysis, most of the genes whose expression was modified were involved in energy production and conversion and the cytoskeleton. A gene-to-gene interaction map revealed that IR modified the expression of genes in four major functional modules: electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation; tricarboxylic acid cycle/glucose metabolism/amino acid metabolism; cellular structure and contraction; and gene transcription, translation, and protein folding. At the individual gene level, the genes encoding mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunits 2 and 3 were downregulated, and those encoding the major cytoskeleton components tropomyosin, myosin light chain, myomesin 2, and myosin regulatory light chain 2, as well as the gene encoding the iron-storage protein ferritin, were upregulated, and thus were identified as potential target genes. Real time PCR evaluated expression patterns of three mitochondrial IPC effective genes. Two-dimensional electrophoresis proteomic analyses revealed altered expression of 14 target proteins. The expression patterns of six proteins matched the corresponding EST expression patterns.ConclusionThe global profiling of cardiac ischemia-related genes provides the possible mechanisms of IR and IPC and ways of treating IR injury
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