Topological Wilson-loop area law manifested using a superposition of loops

We introduce a new topological effect involving interference of two meson loops, manifesting a path-independent topological area dependence. The effect also draws a connection between quark confinement, Wilson-loops and topological interference effects. Although this is only a gedanken experiment in the context of particle physics, such an experiment may be realized and used as a tool to test confinement effects and phase transitions in quantum simulation of dynamic gauge theories.Comment: Superceding arXiv:1206.2021v1 [quant-ph

Особливості адміністративної відповідальності неповнолітніх

The need to consider the peculiarities of juvenile administrative liability is grounded by the increase in the number of offenses committed by them. Scientific approaches to the definition of the concepts of “administrative liability” and “administrative liability of minors” have been analyzed. In order to distinguish administrative liability from other types of legal liability, the author has studied the features of direct administrative liability. It has been established that juvenile administrative liability has features that are related to the age of a person who is brought to liability and are associated with the specific protection of the minor’s interests. The peculiarities of juvenile administrative liability have been distinguished and systematized; and it has been offered to divide them into material and procedural ones. Material peculiarities include: the age, when the specified type of liability comes due; predominantly educational nature of administrative liability; the fact that the purpose of administrative liability of a minor causes a lesser amount and degree of deprivation or restriction of the rights and freedoms compared to persons who are over 18 years old; the fact that administrative liability, in some cases, arises on general basis. The procedural peculiarities of juvenile administrative liability are related to its judicial application, the possibility of applying administrative and coercive measures to the parents of a minor, the participation of legal representatives and representatives in the representation of their interests, the obligation to notify the parents or persons who replace them, about minor’s detention, and with impossibility to apply administrative penalties as a substitute for criminal liability. The author has formulated his own definition of the concept of administrative liability of minors. It has been emphasized that the age peculiarities of juveniles should be taken into account while bringing a minor to administrative liability, and the nature of the committed administrative offense should be commensurate with the enforcement action.Рассмотрены особенности административной ответственности несовершеннолетних. Проанализированы научные подходы к определению понятий «административная ответственность» и «административная ответственность несовершеннолетних». Предложено особенности административной ответственности несовершеннолетних разделять на материальные и процессуальные. Сформулировано авторское определение понятия административной ответственности несовершеннолетних.Розглянуто особливості адміністративної відповідальності неповнолітніх. Проаналізовано наукові підходи до визначення понять «адміністративна відповідальність» і «адміністративна відповідальність неповнолітніх». Запропоновано особливості адміністративної відповідальності неповнолітніх поділяти на матеріальні та процесуальні. Сформульовано авторське визначення поняття адміністративної відповідальності неповнолітніх

Quantum coherence of discrete kink solitons in ion traps

We propose to realize quantized discrete kinks with cold trapped ions. We show that long-lived solitonlike configurations are manifested as deformations of the zigzag structure in the linear Paul trap, and are topologically protected in a circular trap with an odd number of ions. We study the quantum-mechanical time evolution of a high-frequency, gap separated internal mode of a static kink and find long coherence times when the system is cooled to the Doppler limit. The spectral properties of the internal modes make them ideally suited for manipulation using current technology. This suggests that ion traps can be used to test quantum-mechanical effects with solitons and explore ideas for the utilization of the solitonic internal-modes as carriers of quantum information.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures ; minor correction

Electron-phonon anomaly related to charge stripes: static stripe phase versus optimally-doped superconducting La1.85Sr0.15CuO4

Inelastic neutron scattering was used to study the Cu-O bond-stretching vibrations in optimally doped La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 (Tc = 35 K) and in two other cuprates showing static stripe order at low temperatures, i.e. La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4 and La1.875Ba0.125CuO4. All three compounds exhibit a very similar phonon anomaly, which is not predicted by conventional band theory. It is argued that the phonon anomaly reflects a coupling to charge inhomogeneities in the form of stripes, which remain dynamic in superconducting La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 down to the lowest temperatures. These results show that the phonon effect indicating stripe formation is not restricted to a narrow region of the phase diagram around the so-called 1/8 anomaly but occurs in optimally doped samples as well.Comment: to appear in J. Low Temp. Phy

Interplay between charge-lattice interaction and strong electron correlations in cuprates: phonon anomaly and spectral kinks

We investigate the interplay between strong electron correlations and charge-lattice interaction in cuprates. The coupling between half breathing bond stretching phonons and doped holes in the t-t'-J model is studied by limited phonon basis exact diagonalization method. Nonadiabatic electron-phonon interaction leads to the splitting of the phonon spectral function at half-way to the zone boundary at $\vec{q}_s=\{(\pm \pi / 2, 0), (0, \pm \pi / 2) \}$ and to low energy kink feature in the electron dispersion, in agreement with experimental observations. Another kink due to strong electron correlation effects is observed at higher energy, depending on the strength of the charge-lattice coupling.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Results and perspectives on policing as part of the national security sector

The police are one of the actors involved in ensuring national security. Therefore, the relevance of this article stems from the need to ensure effective performance. The issue of studying the experience of countries in this field is relevant to find the best models to assess the activities of these structures, which will contribute to a better performance of tasks assigned to them by law - this is one of the tools to assess the performance of the police. The aim of the article was to investigate the peculiarities of police performance assessment, thereby identifying practices that can improve the assessment of police performance. The objective was achieved by using dogmatic, statistical, comparative legal methods and a system-structural approach. The authors revealed the peculiarities of police assessment in Ukraine, the USA, Canada, France and the UK. The focus is on the assessment of police performance based on the level of citizens' trust and statistical data. The conclusion is made that citizens' trust in the police is necessary for the effective performance of its tasks. It is noted that the use of statistics to draw an objective conclusion about police performance is questionable because of the ability of police management to manipulate the data. It is concluded that each of these areas needs significant improvement. The findings are complementary to previous studies and have implications for improving the assessment of Ukrainian police performance and police performance in foreign countries

"AHIMSA" principle in the religious and cultural practices of ancient and contemporary India

The paper is focused on the development of the ahimsa principle and its specifics in the ideology of ancient and contemporary India, in its religious and cultural practice

International Aspect of Legal Regulation of Corruption Offences Commission on the Example of Law Enforcement Agencies and Banking System of Ukraine

International Aspect of Legal Regulation of Corruption Offences Commission on the Example of Law Enforcement Agencies and Banking System of Ukraine [Text] / O.M. Reznik, A.M. Klochko, V.V. Pakhomov, O.O. Kosytsia // Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics. - 2017. - Vol. 8, №1. - P. 169-177.The article analyzes the legislation such countries as Ukraine, the Russian Federation (hereafter – RF) and the Republic of Belarus, norms of which provide a system of measures to combat corruption as well as responsibility for such kind of offences. Moreover the article considers such burning question as counteraction of such kinds of offences and also different legislative approaches on the definition of “corruption” in the countries mentioned above. We consider the criminal-legal norms as provided in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, establishing the responsibility for obtaining of unlawful benefit by the officials. We study the provisions of the current legislation of Ukraine aimed at prevention of corruption in the society. The special attention is given to the concepts of «illegal benefit» and «bribe», the key differences of these terms are defined. Also an attention is paid to the terms «officials» and «law enforcement officials». This article also discusses some features of committing crimes by the officials of the banking institutions. It is noted that the committing of such crimes is the problem promoting the destabilization of the banking system. The underlying mechanisms and the high latency of these crimes, being made mostly by organized criminal groups, entail negative consequences for the economy of each individual country and in general all over the world

Thermodynamics and Evaporation of the 2+1-D Black Hole

The properties of canonical and microcanonical ensembles of a black hole with thermal radiation and the problem of black hole evaporation in 3-D are studied. In 3-D Einstein-anti-de Sitter gravity we have two relevant mass scales, $m_c=1/G$, and $m_p=(\hbar^2\Lambda/G)^{1/3}$, which are particularly relevant for the evaporation problem. It is argued that in the `weak coupling' regime $\Lambda<(\hbar G)^{-2}$, the end point of an evaporating black hole formed with an initial mass $m_0>m_p$, is likely to be a stable remnant in equilibrium with thermal radiation. The relevance of these results for the information problem and for the issue of back reaction is discussed. In the `strong coupling' regime, $\Lambda>(\hbar G)^{-2}$ a full fledged quantum gravity treatment is required. Since the total energy of thermal states in anti-de Sitter space with reflective boundary conditions at spatial infinity is bounded and conserved, the canonical and microcanonical ensembles are well defined. For a given temperature or energy black hole states are locally stable. In the weak coupling regime black hole states are more probable then pure radiation states.Comment: 11 pages, TAUP 2141/94, Late