Body composition as a frailty marker for the elderly community

Body composition (BC) in the elderly has been associated with diseases and mortality; however, there is a shortage of data on frailty in the elderly. To investigate the association between BC and frailty, and identify BC profiles in nonfrail, prefrail, and frail elderly people. A cross-sectional study comprising 235 elderly (142 females and 93 males) aged > 65 years, from the city of Amparo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was undertaken. Sociodemographic and cognitive features, comorbidities, medication, frailty, body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, fat mass, bone mass, and fat percent (%) data were evaluated. Aiming to examine the relationship between BC and frailty, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were applied. The statistical significance level was P<0.05. The nonfrail elderly showed greater muscle mass and greater bone mass compared with the prefrail and frail ones. The frail elderly had greater fat % than the nonfrail elderly. There was a positive association between grip strength and muscle mass with bone mass (P<0.001), and a negative association between grip strength and fat % (P<0.001). Gait speed was positively associated with fat mass (P=0.038) and fat % (P=0.002). The physical activity level was negatively associated with fat % (P=0.022). The weight loss criterion was positively related to muscle mass (P<0.001), bone mass (P=0.009), fat mass (P=0.018), and BMI (P=0.003). There was a negative association between fatigue and bone mass (P=0.008). Frailty in the elderly was characterized by a BC profile/phenotype with lower muscle mass and lower bone mass and with a higher fat %. The BMI was not effective in evaluating the relationship between BC and frailty. The importance of evaluating the fat % was verified when considering the tissue distribution in the elderly BC1016611667COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPE

Body Composition As A Frailty Marker For The Elderly Community.

Body composition (BC) in the elderly has been associated with diseases and mortality; however, there is a shortage of data on frailty in the elderly. To investigate the association between BC and frailty, and identify BC profiles in nonfrail, prefrail, and frail elderly people. A cross-sectional study comprising 235 elderly (142 females and 93 males) aged ≥65 years, from the city of Amparo, State of São Paulo, Brazil, was undertaken. Sociodemographic and cognitive features, comorbidities, medication, frailty, body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, fat mass, bone mass, and fat percent (%) data were evaluated. Aiming to examine the relationship between BC and frailty, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were applied. The statistical significance level was P<0.05. The nonfrail elderly showed greater muscle mass and greater bone mass compared with the prefrail and frail ones. The frail elderly had greater fat % than the nonfrail elderly. There was a positive association between grip strength and muscle mass with bone mass (P<0.001), and a negative association between grip strength and fat % (P<0.001). Gait speed was positively associated with fat mass (P=0.038) and fat % (P=0.002). The physical activity level was negatively associated with fat % (P=0.022). The weight loss criterion was positively related to muscle mass (P<0.001), bone mass (P=0.009), fat mass (P=0.018), and BMI (P=0.003). There was a negative association between fatigue and bone mass (P=0.008). Frailty in the elderly was characterized by a BC profile/phenotype with lower muscle mass and lower bone mass and with a higher fat %. The BMI was not effective in evaluating the relationship between BC and frailty. The importance of evaluating the fat % was verified when considering the tissue distribution in the elderly BC.101661-166

Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride at Ambient Temperature Using Macromolecular Design via the Interchange of Xanthate: Kinetic and Computational Studies

Reversible deactivation radical polymerization of vinyl chloride (VC) by methyl (ethoxycarbonothioyl)sulfanyl acetate (MEA)-mediated macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthate (MADIX) polymerization at ambient temperature is reported. The polymerization system was studied using two conventional radical initiators (having very distinct half-life times at room temperature). The system was optimized regarding the nature of the solvent, the monomer concentration, the polymerization temperature, and the target molecular weight. The kinetic data showed linear first-order kinetics, the linear evolution of molecular weights with conversion, and polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ ≈ 1.2 to 1.3) using a low temperature (30−42 °C) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as a “green” solvent. The resulting MEA-terminated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was fully characterized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that revealed the existence of a very small fraction of structural defects and the presence of chain-end functional groups. “One-pot” chain extension (with VC) and “one-pot” block copolymerizations (with vinyl acetate − VAc and N-vinylcaprolactam − NVCL) experiments confirmed the “livingness” of the MEA-terminated PVC chains, giving access to different PVC-based block copolymers. Computational studies confirm the results of the solvent screen and suggest that changes to the initial MADIX leaving or stabilizing groups could improve control. The computational data were further confirmed using methyl 2-(4-methoxyphenoxycarbonothioylthio)acetate. This work establishes a new green route to afford a wide range of new complex macrostructures including high-value materials based on PVC segments.J.F.J.C. and C.M.R.A. thank Agencia Nacional de Inovac ̂ a̧ o for ̃ the financial support of the Project VinylGreen (QREN 17789). Funding also came from MATIS (CENTRO-01-0145- FEDER-000014), cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through “Programa Operacional Regional do Centro” (CENTRO2020). M.L.C. acknowledges the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (FL170100041, CE140100012), an ARC Laureate Fellowship, and generous allocations of supercomputing time from the National Computational Infrastructur

Exploring the Potential Role of Moonlighting Function of the Surface-Associated Proteins From Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau and Pasteur by Comparative Proteomic

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-09-03T12:10:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TalitaPagani_LeilaMLima_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2490553 bytes, checksum: bec0e4e17098191a9db8299c1d950da1 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-09-03T12:32:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TalitaPagani_LeilaMLima_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2490553 bytes, checksum: bec0e4e17098191a9db8299c1d950da1 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-03T12:32:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TalitaPagani_LeilaMLima_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2490553 bytes, checksum: bec0e4e17098191a9db8299c1d950da1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Unidade de Espectometria de Massas e Proteômica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Surface-associated proteins from Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau RDJ are important components of the live Brazilian vaccine against tuberculosis. They are important targets during initial BCG vaccine stimulation and modulation of the host's immune response, especially in the bacterial-host interaction. These proteins might also be involved in cellular communication, chemical response to the environment, pathogenesis processes through mobility, colonization, and adherence to the host cell, therefore performing multiple functions. In this study, the proteomic profile of the surface-associated proteins from M. bovis BCG Moreau was compared to the BCG Pasteur reference strain. The methodology used was 2DE gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry techniques (MALDI-TOF/TOF), leading to the identification of 115 proteins. Of these, 24 proteins showed differential expression between the two BCG strains. Furthermore, 27 proteins previously described as displaying moonlighting function were identified, 8 of these proteins showed variation in abundance comparing BCG Moreau to Pasteur and 2 of them presented two different domain hits. Moonlighting proteins are multifunctional proteins in which two or more biological functions are fulfilled by a single polypeptide chain. Therefore, the identification of such proteins with moonlighting predicted functions can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms unleashed by live BCG Moreau RDJ vaccine components