Association between ELF and RF electromagnetic field and Leukemia

     Extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic field (ELF-EMFs) are widely employed in electrical appliances and different equipment such as television sets, ELF-EMFs can  affect biological systems by increasing production  ROS. The altered balance between ROS generation and elimination plays a critical role in a variety of pathologic conditions. ROS levels have been observed in several hematopoietic malignancies including acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. ELF-EMFs exposure significantly decreased Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression Lower levels of NO have been demonstrated to exert a protective function in leukemic and melanoma cells and to inhibit effector caspases by S-nitrosylation. Also ELF-EMFs can decrease melatonin production by effects on N-acetyltransferase. Melatonin is an antioxidant, effective in protecting nuclear DNA. Transmitters emitting radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) are usually not located in populated areas but some epidemiology studies showed association distance transmitters from residential area and leukemia.

Positive correlation between ELF and RFelectromagnetic fieldon cancer risk

Extremely low frequency (ELF) and Radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field may affect biological systems by raising generation free radicals by decline activities of glutathione peroxidase dismutase or increase in the lifetime of free radicals with inhibited pretreatment of cells antioxidant like that alpha tocopherol. ELF and  RF electromagnetic  field maycan damaged DNA  with raising level  hydroxyl radicals in cells and  it is  can interact DNA and form mainly 8-hydroxy-2′–deoxyguanosine( 8-OHdG) adducts. Many study showed   Electromagnetic field radiation(EMF) can change gene expression and conformation of protein. It may declineexpression of some genes such as superoxide dismutase orraise expressionof certain genes such as Hsps (heat shock proteins). ELF and RFelectromagnetic field   can effects on homeostasis Ca2+ and alteration in important cellular and molecular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, gene expression, cytoskeletal reorganization and metabolism. Use of radio frequency electromagneticfield onsatellite jamming in Iran and some country may can harmful to human health and it could be a risk factor for cancer

The effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes in urban care settings in Urmia-Iran

BACKGROUND: Nutritional status of women has been considered an important prognostic indicator of pregnancy outcomes. Few studies have evaluated patterns of weight gain and pre-pregnancy body mass index in developing regions where malnutrition and poor weight gain as well as maternal obesity have significant influences on the pregnancy outcome. This study aims to show effect of pregnancy body mass index and the corresponding gestational weight gain on the outcome of pregnancy. METHODS: On a prospective cross sectional study, two hundred and seventy women from urban areas of Northwest Iran were recruited for participation during their first eight weeks of pregnancy. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized and gestational weight gain was divided into two groups of normal and abnormal based on recommendations of Institute of Medicine (IOM) published in 1990. Chi square and one way ANOVA were used in the univariate analysis of the association between weight gain and corresponding adverse outcomes including cesarean, preterm labor and low neonatal birth weight. Adjusted odds ratios for adverse outcomes were determined by multiple logistic regression models, while controlling for the following factors: maternal age, parity, and education. RESULTS: Both pre-pregnancy BMI < 19 and abnormal weight gain during pregnancy were found to be associated with low neonatal birth weight defined as < 2500 g. Abnormal weight gain, during pregnancy was not related to an increased risk of preterm labor or cesarean delivery but it was highly associated with low birth weight (LBW)(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low pre-pregnancy BMI is an established risk factor for LBW. Abnormal gestational weight gain may further complicate the pregnancy as an additional risk factor for neonatal LBW. All women, regardless of their pre-pregnancy BMI may be at risk for abnormal weight gain and hence low birth weight. Pre-pregnancy and gestation nutritional assessments remain significant part of all prenatal visits

Development of a Model for Identification of Reasons for Deviation in Forecasts

Most organizations use forecasting techniques in order to achieve their goals and to reduce risk in uncertain conditions and varying situations. Forecasting by senior managers plays a very important role in the success or failure of organization and company projects as well as their affairs. However, the scope of forecasting has not yet structured or regulated and there is no approved or special conceptual framework for it, especially in relation to the reasons decisions of mangers deviate while forecasting, which can have a crucial influence on the whole organization. The aim of this study is to develop a conceptual model of the reasons for deviation from forecasting by senior managers. To understand the subject, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research and literature was carried out. A conceptual model was developed according to the results of this research and the data from a focus group. The results of meta-analysis show that trends in optimistic and pessimistic forecasting and senior managers are the main reasons for deviations from forecasting by management. Moreover, it did not confirm that voluntary forecasts are responsible for increased accuracy in forecasting by management, and that there are still contradictions in this field. The results of our meta-analysis also indicated that some studies considered voluntary disclosure of forecasting as a factor in the reliability of the forecasting. Some researchers consider it as a factor of an optimistic trend of forecasting and others consider it as a factor effecting deviation from forecasting by management directly due to the individual motivation of managers and inaccuracy of information on which the decisions are made. According to the findings, it was not confirmed that voluntary forecasting on its own is a factor in the accuracy of forecasting

English to Persian Translation Accuracy of “Rules and Regulations” of International Banking System

This study comparatively analyzed the English to Persian translations of “rules and regulations” of the international banking system, at lexicon, phrase, sentence and paragraph levels to find out if the translations had been semantically comparable to their English versions. The translated texts, together with their English scource texts, were handed in to raters to assess and score semantically based on a three-point scale of “incorrect”, “fair” and “correct”. According to the results, the majority (96%) of lexicons had been translated correctly into Persian, while a small percentage of translated lexicons (3%) had a fair quality and an even smaller percentage (1%) were incorrectly translated. As for the phrases, most of them (86%) had been translated correctly into Persian, while a small percentage of translated phrases (8%) had a fair quality and an even smaller percentage (6%) had been incorrectly translated. Regarding sentences, 44% of their translations had a good and 44% had fair quality, whereas some smaller numbers (12%) had been incorrectly translated. Compared to previous components, i.e. lexicon and phrases, the percentage of incorrect translations had noticeably increased at the level of sentence. Yet, the mean words in Persian sentences (i.e., 23.48) were rather similar to the source language sentences (i.e., 25.72). Regarding paragraphs, 40% of the translations had a good and 40% had a fair quality, but a significant number (20%) had incorrect translations. So, unlike the lexicons and phrases, a significant number of sentences and paragraphs had semantically been inaccurately translated. In addition, the mean number of words in Persian paragraphs (64.6) was considerably smaller than the mean words in English paragraphs (71.1). &nbsp; &nbsp; Keywords: Semantic accuracy in translation, English to Persian, Banking rules and regulation

The Effect of Premedication With Oral Acetaminophen on the Prevention of Localized Pain Resulting from Intravenous Propofol Injection: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Clinical Trial

Background: Propofol is one of the most widely used medications in anesthesia and intensive care. Propofol Intravenous injection is painful for patients at the injection site. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of premedication with oral acetaminophen in prevention of local pain caused by intravenous injection of propofol. Methods: This study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Data were collected from July 2020 to July 2021 in Shariati Hospital. All stages of premedication and induction of anesthesia were the same in all three groups of patients. Pb, P500 and P1000 groups (patients with oral placebo, 500 or 1000 mg of oral paracetamol, respectively) received the medication 1 hour before transfer to the operating room. Results: In this study, 150 patients were included. 44.7% were men, 55.3% women, and mean age of patients was 36.82 ± 10.24. The highest severity of reported pain was in the group of patients receiving placebo. Patients receiving 1 gram of acetaminophen had the lowest reported pain. Patients receiving 500 mg of acetaminophen reported significantly less pain than patients receiving placebo and more pain than patients in the group receiving 1 g of acetaminophen. Age, gender and weight did not have any significant effect on the pain severity. Conclusion: When compared to placebo, the use of oral acetaminophen as a premedication considerably lowers discomfort induced by intravenous propofol infusion. A dosage of 1 g of oral acetaminophen is more effective than 500 mg in decreasing pain. The level of pain and acetaminophen's pain-relieving effects were not affected by age, gender or weight

Plethysmography Variability Index as a Guidance for Intraoperative Fluid Management in Cesarean Section Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia: A Pilot Study

Background: Plethysmography variability index (PVI) is a measure of the dynamic changes in the perfusion index (PI) that occur during one or more complete respiratory cycles. This study was designed to investigate the accuracy of PVI in guidance of fluid management in parturient undergoing cesarean section surgery under spinal anesthesia.Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 21 consecutive patients who were candidate for cesarean section surgery under spinal anesthesia at Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between April 2015 and April 2016. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the PVI or conventional group. In all patients, serum level of lactate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), total amount of infused intraoperative fluids, urine output, and duration of surgery were recorded.Results: In total, 21 patients (10 in PVI group and 11 in control group) were assessed. The trend of the change in MAP was significantly different between the two groups with a downward trend in PVI group and a fluctuated trend in the conventional group (P = 0.003). The mean amount of infused fluid was 2565.00 ± 563.74 ml in PVI group that was significantly lower than control group (3122.73 ± 321.99 ml) (P = 0.011). Although urine output was numerically higher in PVI than in control group (425.00 ± 274.12 ml vs. 322.00 ± 121.82 ml), it was not statistically significant (P = 0.292). In PVI group, the primary value of PVI was 23.80 ± 6.93 that reached to 12.20 ± 1.75 at the end of surgery indicating a significant reduction (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: Regarding clinical and hemodynamic stability as well as fluid therapy responsiveness (less requiring fluids within surgery), PVI monitoring seems to be superior to the conventional method

Low Back Pain from the Perspective of Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)

In this chapter the attitudes and opinions of Traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) about “low back pain: (LBP)” are considered. According to TIM, several main mechanisms for this very common disorder are explained. The spine, being far from the body heat source (heart) that sets the spine in coldest position, is considered in terms of temperament. The most common type of low back pain is cold temperament, simple or material. However, movements in the joints would cause heating, but the range of motion of the spine is very limited, so that its temperament remains cold, and the most common type of low back pain is caused by a cold temperament. Pain is the most common symptom whichabates with walking, rubbing, and warming, and usually becomes worse with the cold