Parámetros sedimentarios y texturales de continuidad y características mineralógicas del río Jajrood, Irán

In this research, we try to study the sedimentary characteristics and the trend of textural changes in the sediments of the Jajrood River from upstream to downstream at the point of junction to Latiyan dam. Based on the textural changes of sediments along the path from the upstream in the Garmabdar area to the downstream to the Latiyan Dam, the Jajrood River is divided into four A, B, C and D basins. Twenty sediment samples were collected and all sieved by dry and wet method also the specimens were morphoscopically studied. Data from field and laboratory phases were combined and interpreted using reliable scientific sources and finally a detailed summary was obtained regarding sedimentology of the study area. Mineralogically, the sediment type of the river is a clastic carbonate sedimentary type with fragments ranging from 30 to 58 percent and rock fragments between 25 to 50 percent abundance. Other minerals, such as feldspar minerals, account for about 1 to 4 percent, quartz 5 to 10 percent, and opauqe minerals from 1 to 5 percent. Examination of the average particle size in the A to D basins shows that decreasing trend of sediment size from the A to C basin occurs and reverses in the D basin. In the first three basins, the sorting grade of the river sediments is very bad and in the last basin it has become extremely bad. The amount of kurtosis of the particle distribution curve from upstream to downstream of the river is generally increasing trend. Textural changes along the river do not follow natural conditions due to the influence of various natural factors such as the entry of distributary into the main River, and phenomena such as landslide and rock collapses and debris flows, especially during floods along the riverbank.En esta investigación, tratamos de estudiar las características sedimentarias y la tendencia de los cambios de textura en los sedimentos del río Jajrood desde aguas arriba hacia aguas abajo en el punto de unión con la presa de Latiyan. Basado en los cambios de textura de los sedimentos a lo largo del camino desde el río arriba en el área de Garmabdar hasta la presa de Latiyan, el río Jajrood se divide en cuatro cuencas A, B, C y D. Se recogieron veinte muestras de sedimentos y todas se tamizaron por método seco y húmedo, y las muestras se estudiaron morfoscópicamente. Los datos de las fases de campo y laboratorio se combinaron e interpretaron utilizando fuentes científicas confiables y finalmente se obtuvo un resumen detallado sobre la sedimentología del área de estudio. Desde el punto de vista mineralógico, el tipo de sedimento del río es un tipo sedimentario de carbonato clástico con fragmentos que van del 30 al 58 por ciento y fragmentos de roca entre el 25 y el 50 por ciento de abundancia. Otros minerales, como los minerales de feldespato, representan alrededor del 1 al 4 por ciento, los cuarzos del 5 al 10 por ciento y los minerales opacos del 1 al 5 por ciento. El examen del tamaño promedio de partícula en las cuencas A a D muestra que se produce una tendencia decreciente del tamaño del sedimento de la cuenca A a C y se invierte en la cuenca D. En las primeras tres cuencas, el grado de clasificación de los sedimentos del río es muy malo y en la última cuenca se ha vuelto extremadamente malo. La cantidad de curtosis de la curva de distribución de partículas de río arriba a río abajo es generalmente una tendencia creciente. Los cambios de textura a lo largo del río no siguen las condiciones naturales debido a la influencia de varios factores naturales, como la entrada de distribución en el río principal, y fenómenos como derrumbes y derrumbes de rocas y flujos de escombros, especialmente durante las inundaciones a lo largo de la orilla del río

Parámetros sedimentarios y texturales de continuidad y características mineralógicas del río Jajrood, Irán

In this research, we try to study the sedimentary characteristics and the trend of textural changes in the sediments of the Jajrood River from upstream to downstream at the point of junction to Latiyan dam. Based on the textural changes of sediments along the path from the upstream in the Garmabdar area to the downstream to the Latiyan Dam, the Jajrood River is divided into four A, B, C and D basins. Twenty sediment samples were collected and all sieved by dry and wet method also the specimens were morphoscopically studied. Data from field and laboratory phases were combined and interpreted using reliable scientific sources and finally a detailed summary was obtained regarding sedimentology of the study area. Mineralogically, the sediment type of the river is a clastic carbonate sedimentary type with fragments ranging from 30 to 58 percent and rock fragments between 25 to 50 percent abundance. Other minerals, such as feldspar minerals, account for about 1 to 4 percent, quartz 5 to 10 percent, and opauqe minerals from 1 to 5 percent. Examination of the average particle size in the A to D basins shows that decreasing trend of sediment size from the A to C basin occurs and reverses in the D basin. In the first three basins, the sorting grade of the river sediments is very bad and in the last basin it has become extremely bad. The amount of kurtosis of the particle distribution curve from upstream to downstream of the river is generally increasing trend. Textural changes along the river do not follow natural conditions due to the influence of various natural factors such as the entry of distributary into the main River, and phenomena such as landslide and rock collapses and debris flows, especially during floods along the riverbank.En esta investigación, tratamos de estudiar las características sedimentarias y la tendencia de los cambios de textura en los sedimentos del río Jajrood desde aguas arriba hacia aguas abajo en el punto de unión con la presa de Latiyan. Basado en los cambios de textura de los sedimentos a lo largo del camino desde el río arriba en el área de Garmabdar hasta la presa de Latiyan, el río Jajrood se divide en cuatro cuencas A, B, C y D. Se recogieron veinte muestras de sedimentos y todas se tamizaron por método seco y húmedo, y las muestras se estudiaron morfoscópicamente. Los datos de las fases de campo y laboratorio se combinaron e interpretaron utilizando fuentes científicas confiables y finalmente se obtuvo un resumen detallado sobre la sedimentología del área de estudio. Desde el punto de vista mineralógico, el tipo de sedimento del río es un tipo sedimentario de carbonato clástico con fragmentos que van del 30 al 58 por ciento y fragmentos de roca entre el 25 y el 50 por ciento de abundancia. Otros minerales, como los minerales de feldespato, representan alrededor del 1 al 4 por ciento, los cuarzos del 5 al 10 por ciento y los minerales opacos del 1 al 5 por ciento. El examen del tamaño promedio de partícula en las cuencas A a D muestra que se produce una tendencia decreciente del tamaño del sedimento de la cuenca A a C y se invierte en la cuenca D. En las primeras tres cuencas, el grado de clasificación de los sedimentos del río es muy malo y en la última cuenca se ha vuelto extremadamente malo. La cantidad de curtosis de la curva de distribución de partículas de río arriba a río abajo es generalmente una tendencia creciente. Los cambios de textura a lo largo del río no siguen las condiciones naturales debido a la influencia de varios factores naturales, como la entrada de distribución en el río principal, y fenómenos como derrumbes y derrumbes de rocas y flujos de escombros, especialmente durante las inundaciones a lo largo de la orilla del río

Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Pollution from Dezful City to the Persian Gulf (Khuzestan Province, Iran)

Introduction: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are introduced into the environment by human activities and are deposited in the river bed. These compounds are among environmental pollutants and are extremely harmful to human health and other living things even in very small amounts. For this reason, determining the concentration of these pollutants is very important to evaluate the quality of river water. About a hundred compounds of PAHs that have been identified by the Environmental Protection Agency. They have 16 major harmful and pathogenic compounds, and for this reason, they have been introduced as pioneering pollutants. For this purpose, in the present study, the concentrations of PAHs were determined in the Karun River.Materials and Methods: In this study, 19 samples of PAHs were collected along the Karun River from Cham Golak in the north of Khuzestan to Choibedeh in the south of Khuzestan in 2022. The collected samples were immediately stored in glass bags at a temperature of -10°C and transported to the laboratory. Until the time of extraction, the samples were dried in a freeze dryer and then kept in a freezer at -50°C. Before the extraction operation, all the samples were powdered and passed through a sieve with mesh less than 0.63. After determining the amounts of each of the desired PAHs, using Dionex™ ASE™ 3, it was determined whether the PAHs has fuel or petroleum origin. Finally, the concentrations of the obtained PAHs were compared with the American Sediment quality guidelines. In this standard, two risk categories, ERL and ERM, are considered for sediment pollution.Results: Based on the average concentration of studied PAHs, Benzo (b) fluoranthene and phenanthrene were the most polluted in proportion to concentration among all studied PAHs. The concentration of Benzo (k) fluoranthene, Fluorene, Pyrene and Indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene was also more than 1 μg.kg-1 of sediment, which was high compared to the average concentration of other PAHs. Other PAHs had an average concentration of less than 0.80 μg.kg-1. The minimum concentration of hydrocarbons varied between 0.01-2.15 μg.kg-1 and their maximum concentration between 0.05-8.97 μg.kg-1 of sediment. The results of skewness (-0.75<SKW<3.0) showed that there were many spatial variations for all pollutants, but Anthracene with a skewness of 0.3 has the most spatial changes, with the highest concentration in the south of the Karun River, and Benzo (b) fluoranthene has the skewness equal to -0.75, then, the highest pollutant concentration was in the north of Karun River. Except for the four hydrocarbons Benzo (b) fluoranthene, Benzo (k) fluoranthene, Indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene and Benzo (g,h,i) perylene, the concentration of the other pollutants in the Karun River is lower than the Sediment Management Standard (SQS) limits ( Discussion: The origin of the pollutant’s evaluation showed that in the north of the Karun River, there was more fuel pollution, but in the center and south of this river, both fuel and oil sources were observed. These results showed that air pollution had a greater effect on increasing the concentration of hydrocarbons in the sediments of this river. In addition, the fuel of boats in the Ahvaz to Abadan area can be an important factor in increasing PAHs pollution with fuel origin. Therefore, although PAHs pollution was observed in this river, it was not at a critical level in terms of concentration

Parámetros sedimentarios y texturales de continuidad y características mineralógicas del río Jajrood, Irán

In this research, we try to study the sedimentary characteristics and the trend of textural changes in the sediments of the Jajrood River from upstream to downstream at the point of junction to Latiyan dam. Based on the textural changes of sediments along the path from the upstream in the Garmabdar area to the downstream to the Latiyan Dam, the Jajrood River is divided into four A, B, C and D basins. Twenty sediment samples were collected and all sieved by dry and wet method also the specimens were morphoscopically studied. Data from field and laboratory phases were combined and interpreted using reliable scientific sources and finally a detailed summary was obtained regarding sedimentology of the study area. Mineralogically, the sediment type of the river is a clastic carbonate sedimentary type with fragments ranging from 30 to 58 percent and rock fragments between 25 to 50 percent abundance. Other minerals, such as feldspar minerals, account for about 1 to 4 percent, quartz 5 to 10 percent, and opauqe minerals from 1 to 5 percent. Examination of the average particle size in the A to D basins shows that decreasing trend of sediment size from the A to C basin occurs and reverses in the D basin. In the first three basins, the sorting grade of the river sediments is very bad and in the last basin it has become extremely bad. The amount of kurtosis of the particle distribution curve from upstream to downstream of the river is generally increasing trend. Textural changes along the river do not follow natural conditions due to the influence of various natural factors such as the entry of distributary into the main River, and phenomena such as landslide and rock collapses and debris flows, especially during floods along the riverbank.En esta investigación, tratamos de estudiar las características sedimentarias y la tendencia de los cambios de textura en los sedimentos del río Jajrood desde aguas arriba hacia aguas abajo en el punto de unión con la presa de Latiyan. Basado en los cambios de textura de los sedimentos a lo largo del camino desde el río arriba en el área de Garmabdar hasta la presa de Latiyan, el río Jajrood se divide en cuatro cuencas A, B, C y D. Se recogieron veinte muestras de sedimentos y todas se tamizaron por método seco y húmedo, y las muestras se estudiaron morfoscópicamente. Los datos de las fases de campo y laboratorio se combinaron e interpretaron utilizando fuentes científicas confiables y finalmente se obtuvo un resumen detallado sobre la sedimentología del área de estudio. Desde el punto de vista mineralógico, el tipo de sedimento del río es un tipo sedimentario de carbonato clástico con fragmentos que van del 30 al 58 por ciento y fragmentos de roca entre el 25 y el 50 por ciento de abundancia. Otros minerales, como los minerales de feldespato, representan alrededor del 1 al 4 por ciento, los cuarzos del 5 al 10 por ciento y los minerales opacos del 1 al 5 por ciento. El examen del tamaño promedio de partícula en las cuencas A a D muestra que se produce una tendencia decreciente del tamaño del sedimento de la cuenca A a C y se invierte en la cuenca D. En las primeras tres cuencas, el grado de clasificación de los sedimentos del río es muy malo y en la última cuenca se ha vuelto extremadamente malo. La cantidad de curtosis de la curva de distribución de partículas de río arriba a río abajo es generalmente una tendencia creciente. Los cambios de textura a lo largo del río no siguen las condiciones naturales debido a la influencia de varios factores naturales, como la entrada de distribución en el río principal, y fenómenos como derrumbes y derrumbes de rocas y flujos de escombros, especialmente durante las inundaciones a lo largo de la orilla del río