Complications of Orthognathic Surgery

Orthognathic surgery is a common approach for treatment of maxillofacial deformities. Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is one of the most common techniques used to treat various mandibular deformities. A LeFort I osteotomy is suggested in deformities of the maxilla and can be used along with SSRO or intra‐oral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO).The aim of orthognathic surgery is to improve function and facial appearance; this benefits the patient psychologically and socially. Common complications which may occur in orthognathic surgery include vascular disease, temporomandibular joints (TMJ) problems, nerve damage, infection, bone necrosis, periodontal disease, vision impairment, hearing problems, hair loss, and neuropsychiatric problems. Rarely complications could be fatal. Because of the wide range of complications the surgeon should keep prevention protocols in mind and be prepared to treat them should they occur. In this chapter, common complications of various osteotomies in the mandible and maxilla are discussed

The Effect of IELTS Listening Strategy Use on the Reduction of IELTS Listening Test Anxiety and on IELTS Listening Performance

The study investigates the impact of IELTS listening strategy use on the reduction of listening test anxiety and on the listening performance of the IELTS test takers in light of the data of 80 participants on the pretest and post-test IELTS listening along with the participants' score on pre-anxiety and post anxiety scale. So, drawing on the instruments including a proficiency test, pre/post-test, anxiety questionnaire, materials for strategy instruction, the participants were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group and Experimental Group, each including 40 participants. As per the procedure, after tackling their pre-listening performance and pre-anxiety score, one group was treated with IELTS-Listening related strategies and the other group was not treated, but both were administered listening test. The results of the study indicated that those treated with IELTS strategy outperformed ( t (78) = 4.57, p = .000, r = .460 ) those receiving no listening-related strategy. Furthermore, the results of a t-test run on the post-test of the groups anxiety arrived at a statistically significant difference (t (78) = 5.77, p = .000, r = .547), representing that the control group outperformed the experimental group. Also, Pearson Correlation done for finding out a potential relationship between anxiety and listening performance indicated a negative and weak to moderate relationship ((r (78) = -.26, p = .020). The pedagogical implications of the study are in detailed argued

Multiview Semi-Supervised Ranking for Automatic Image Annotation

International audienceMost photo sharing sites give their users the opportunity to manually label images. The labels collected that way are usually very incomplete due to the size of the image collections: most images are not labeled according to all the categories they belong to, and, conversely, many class have relatively few representative examples. Automated image systems that can deal with small amounts of labeled examples and unbalanced classes are thus necessary to better organize and annotate images. In this work, we propose a multiview semi-supervised bipartite ranking model which allows to leverage the information contained in unlabeled sets of images in order to improve the prediction performance, using multiple descriptions, or views of images. For each topic class, our approach first learns as many view-specific rankers as available views using the labeled data only. These rankers are then improved iteratively by adding pseudo-labeled pairs of examples on which all view-specific rankers agree over the ranking of examples within these pairs. We report on experiments carried out on the NUS-WIDE dataset, which show that the multiview ranking process improves predictive performances when a small number of labeled examples is available specially for unbalanced classes. We show also that our approach achieves significant improvements over a state-of the art semi-supervised multiview classification model

Assessment of Pocket Depth Changes in Treatment with Arch Bars: A Prospective Clinical Study

Introduction: It is suggested that arch bars act as plaque-retentive ligatures and therefore exert effects on periodontal tissues health. The aim of the present study was to assess pocket probing depth prior to placing arch bars and following their removal.Materials and Methods: Pocket probing depths were studied in the subjects who had arch bars for one month due to condylar fracture. Pocket depths were measured before placing arch bars, one month and 12 months after removing them. The mean of pocket depth was measured for each tooth. Periodontal probing depth was measured in six sites of each tooth .The mean pocket depth was calculated by the division of the sum of the pocket depths by the number of teeth for anterior and the posterior teeth in all subjects. Results: Eleven males and nine females were included in this study. No significant pocket depth differences was detected among the anterior and posterior of the mandible and maxilla before and after placing the arch bars. Results demonstrated a significant pocket depth increase in the anterior and posterior of both jaws one month following removal of the arch bars .The pocket depths were decreased following 12 months which were indicative of relative improvement at the sites. Conclusion: Arch bars can affect periodontium and pocket depths increased one month after releasing the arch bars. However, a significant improvement was detected following 12 months that suggested a partial reversible change in the pocket depths

Discourse Analysis in the ESL Classroom

This article attempts a user-friendly definition of discourse analysis. By defining it in this manner, the authors hope to encourage teachers to use it in their ESL classrooms. To this end, they suggest certain concrete measures that bring discourse analysis into the ESL classroom

Blood Products Use in Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgeries: A Retrospective Study

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the consumption of blood products during orthognathic surgeries by age, sex, blood group, operation time, and the amount of blood loss. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent bimaxillary osteotomy were studied. The study focused on types and amount of blood loss, blood products used, and change in patient’s hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT). Patients’ demographic data, blood type, and duration of surgery were variables of the research. Results: A total of 133 patients (52 males and 81 females) with a mean age of 22.950 ± 4.241 years formed the study population. Average blood loss was 556.32 ± 245.05 ml and the average operating time was 259.96 ± 51.56 minutes. Results demonstrated that duration of the surgical and blood loss in males was higher than females. The mean of Hb and HCT levels before surgeries was 13.56 ± 1.30 and 40.47 ± 4.30, respectively, which significantly (P < 0.001) decreased to 11.969 ± 1.200 and 35.782 ± 3.800 1 day after the operations. The transfused blood products consisted of packed cells (5.4%), fresh frozen plasma (37.3%), and hydroxyethyl starch (57.3%). The percentage of patients who did not receive any transfusion was generally higher in the positive blood types than negative ones, with the highest percentage being in the AB+ group. Conclusions: A risk of using blood products particularly packed cells may increase if blood loss was above of 800 ml and surgical duration more than 300 minutes. The duration of orthognathic surgery may have a significant effect on blood loss and blood transfusions. It seems subjects with positive blood types may have a lower risk for transfusion

On the comparison of KM criteria classifications

AbstractThis study investigates the criteria for measuring knowledge management success among Malaysian organizations. Till date, no comprehensive sets of criteria were introduced by researchers. This survey, then, attempts to bridge the gap. The study population consists of 79 Malaysian organizations. This survey was conducted based on the reviewing of various literatures in the area of knowledge management. A review of the literature reveals that the criteria of measuring KM outcomes can be classified into five different classes: (1) Systematic knowledge programs; (2) Employee development; (3) Customer satisfaction; (4) Good external relationship; (5) Organizational success. In the current study, this sorting is used to shape a foundation in order to compare KM criteria classifications. Hence, this survey aims to uncover the most favoured classification within Malaysian organizations. The results of survey are then used to compare scores for five groups of criteria. According to the findings achieved from statistical analysis, Systematic knowledge programs stands first on the list of top KM criteria classifications and number two is Employee development. In addition, next ranks belong to Customer Satisfaction, Good external relationship, and Organizational success respectively. It is hoped that the results and findings of this survey will persuade businesses to perform KM initiatives properly in order to maximize the outcomes from KM programs

The role of human factor in incidence and severity of road crashes based on the CART and LR regression: a data mining approach

AbstractAccidents are one of the biggest public health problems in the world. As literature indicated, the traffic accidents were assessed to be most significant health problem in Iran. To date, no serious researches have analyzed high dimensional traffic data In Iran. This paper, therefore, aims to bridge the gap. In this study, the traffic data are analyzed by Data Mining techniques such as Logistic Regression, Classification and Regression Trees. In this paper the impact of such factors were investigated using these techniques. It is hoped that the current research findings will help governments in better road designs and traffic management

The Protective Role of Zinc Sulfate in Temporary Noise-induced Threshold Shift: a Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Background: Exposure to excessive sound leads to hearing loss. Temporary threshold shifts are defined as threshold shifts that return to baseline levels in the hours to weeks after excessive sound exposure. Aim: This study aimed to examine the zinc sulfate protective effect following noise exposure. Methods: Fifty-two participants with normal audiograms at baseline were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. First, a distortion product otoacoustic emission test (DPOAEs) was carried out as the baseline assessment, then the intervention group received zinc sulfate supplement capsules for one month and placebo capsules were given to controls. To induce a transient hearing shift, an ABR test was performed. The ABR test was done with 90 dB of sound stimuli for each ear. This input stimulus was a noise exposure that induces a temporary reduction in hearing, in fact, a transient hearing shift has occurred. Then, both groups had a DPOAE test and a follow-up assessment. Signal/noise ratio and DP (distortion product) levels were measured to evaluate the effect of zinc supplement use on transient hearing shift. Results: Comparing the results of the distortion product otoacoustic emission test before and after the auditory brainstem response testing showed significant differences between intervention and control groups (p <0.05). Moreover, the differences in signal/noise ratio between the intervention group before and after ABR testing and also in the control group were significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: Daily zinc sulfate supplement might protect against the transient hearing shift