The challenge of negotiation in the game of Diplomacy

The game of Diplomacy has been used as a test case for complex automated negotiations for a long time, but to date very few successful negotiation algorithms have been implemented for this game. We have therefore decided to include a Diplomacy tournament within the annual Automated Negotiating Agents Competition (ANAC). In this paper we present the setup and the results of the ANAC 2017 Diplomacy Competition and the ANAC 2018 Diplomacy Challenge. We observe that none of the negotiation algorithms submitted to these two editions have been able to significantly improve the performance over a non-negotiating baseline agent. We analyze these algorithms and discuss why it is so hard to write successful negotiation algorithms for Diplomacy. Finally, we provide experimental evidence that, despite these results, coalition formation and coordination do form essential elements of the game

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MIKROEMULSI LIMBAH MINYAK TERHADAP KANDUNGAN ASAM LEMAK OMEGA-3 DIDALAM TELUR

Telur ayam merupakan salah satu produk peternakan yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Telur sangat mudah diperoleh dan harganya murah sehingga terjangkau oleh seluruh kalangan masyarakat. Telur dapat diubah menjadi pangan fungsional dengan cara memberikan ayam ras sebagai sumber telur perlakuan berupa pemberian ransum ditambah dengan sediaan mikroemulsi limbah minyak ikan. Limbah minyak ikan terlebih dahulu dimurnikan sebelum dijadikan sediaan. Hasil analisa kandungan asam lemak didalam telur dengan GCMS menunjukkan bahwa telur yang dihasilkan oleh ayam yang diberikan sediaan mikroemulsi memiliki kandungan omega-3 jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan telur yang dihasilkan oleh ayam yang hanya diberikan ransum dan konsentrat tanpa dibuat sediaan mikroemuls

The Likeability-Success Tradeoff: Results of the 2nd Annual Human-Agent Automated Negotiating Agents Competition

We present the results of the 2nd Annual Human-Agent League of the Automated Negotiating Agent Competition. Building on the success of the previous year's results, a new challenge was issued that focused exploring the likeability-success tradeoff in negotiations. By examining a series of repeated negotiations, actions may affect the relationship between automated negotiating agents and their human competitors over time. The results presented herein support a more complex view of human-agent negotiation and capture of integrative potential (win-win solutions). We show that, although likeability is generally seen as a tradeoff to winning, agents are able to remain well-liked while winning if integrative potential is not discovered in a given negotiation. The results indicate that the top-performing agent in this competition took advantage of this loophole by engaging in favor exchange across negotiations (cross-game logrolling). These exploratory results provide information about the effects of different submitted 'black-box' agents in human-agent negotiation and provide a state-of-the-art benchmark for human-agent design.</p

Bargaining Chips: Coordinating one-to-many concurrent composite negotiations

This study presents Bargaining Chips: a framework for one-to-many concurrent composite negotiations, where multiple deals can be reached and combined. Our framework is designed to mirror the salient aspects of real-life procurement and trading scenarios, in which a buyer seeks to acquire a number of items from different sellers at the same time. To do so, the buyer needs to successfully perform multiple concurrent bilateral negotiations as well as coordinate the composite outcome resulting from each interdependent negotiation. This paper contributes to the state of the art by: (1) presenting a model and test-bed for addressing such challenges; (2) by proposing a new, asynchronous interaction protocol for coordinating concurrent negotiation threads; and (3) by providing classes of multi-deal coordinators that are able to navigate this new one-to-many multi-deal setting. We show that Bargaining Chips can be used to evaluate general asynchronous negotiation and coordination strategies in a setting that generalizes over a number of existing negotiation approaches

Reconstruction of computer generated holograms by spatial light modulators

Computer generated holograms generated by using three different numerical techniques are reconstructed optically by spatial light modulators. Liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLM) on transmission and on reflection modes with different resolutions were investigated. A good match between numerical simulation and optically reconstructed holograms on both SLMs was observed. The resolution of the optically reconstructed images was comparable to the resolution of the SLMs. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006

Chemical characterization of inks in skin reactions to tattoo

Skin reactions are well described complications of tattooing, usually provoked by red inks. Chemical characterizations of these inks are usually based on limited subjects and techniques. This study aimed to determine the organic and inorganic composition of inks using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) and Raman spectroscopy, in a cohort of patients with cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to tattoo. A retrospective multicenter study was performed, including 15 patients diagnosed with skin reactions to tattoos. Almost half of these patients developed skin reactions on black inks. XRF identified known allergenic metals - titanium, chromium, manganese, nickel and copper - in almost all cases. XANES spectroscopy distinguished zinc and iron present in ink from these elements in endogenous biomolecules. Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of both reported (azo pigments, quinacridone) and unreported (carbon black, phtalocyanine) putative organic sensitizer compounds, and also defined the phase in which Ti was engaged. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper reports the largest cohort of skin hypersensitivity reactions analyzed by multiple complementary techniques. With almost half the patients presenting skin reaction on black tattoo, the study suggests that black modern inks should also be considered to provoke skin reactions, probably because of the common association of carbon black with potential allergenic metals within these inks. Analysis of more skin reactions to tattoos is needed to identify the relevant chemical compounds and help render tattoo ink composition safer.Peer reviewe

Low Q^2 measurements of the proton form factor ratio mupGE/GMmu_p G_E / G_M

We present an updated extraction of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio, mu_p G_E/G_M, at low Q^2. The form factors are sensitive to the spatial distribution of the proton, and precise measurements can be used to constrain models of the proton. An improved selection of the elastic events and reduced background contributions yielded a small systematic reduction in the ratio mu_p G_E/G_M compared to the original analysis.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, archival paper for proton form factor extraction from Jefferson Lab "LEDEX" experimen

The Proton Elastic Form Factor Ratio at Low Momentum Transfer

High precision measurements of the proton elastic form factor ratio have been made at four-momentum transfers, Q^2, between 0.2 and 0.5 GeV^2. The new data, while consistent with previous results, clearly show a ratio less than unity and significant differences from the central values of several recent phenomenological fits. By combining the new form-factor ratio data with an existing cross-section measurement, one finds that in this Q^2 range the deviation from unity is primarily due to GEp being smaller than the dipole parameterization.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Stability Analysis of GNSS Control Point Network for Material Displacement Monitoring on the Slopes using Stability Monument Evaluation and Adjustment Data Processing Scheme: Preliminary Result

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been used widely for hazards monitoring, such as landslide or material displacement on the slope due to its high accuracy and precision positioning. However, to assure its accuracy and precision, a further data quality and site assessment must be taken into account. In such a way, it is possible to determine whether the site monitoring is moved or not. Six location of GNSS observation points were established based on the geological structure and the terrain slopes. Satellite visibilities analysis, multipath analysis, and kinematic precise point positioning analysis were performed to assess the GNSS data quality and the monitoring stability. These procedures will determined the further processing scheme for each site monitoring. Some of areas experience the indication of cracks in road and building construction, which lead into an assumption of the displacement has been accumulated in a sub meter fraction. Thus, accounting all of those aspects, first adjustment data processing was implemented to achieve the preliminary results of the first observation