Increased expression of sialic acid in cervical biopsies with squamous intraepithelial lesions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Altered sialylation has been observed during oncogenic transformation. Sialylated oligosaccharides of glycoproteins and glycolipids have been implicated in tumor progression and metastases. In the cervical cancer high levels of sialic acid have been reported in the patients serum, and an increased of total sialic acid concentration has been reported for the cervical neoplasia and cervical cancer. This study investigates the changes in expression and distribution of α2,3-linked sialic acid and α2,6- linked sialic acid in low and high squamous intraepithelial lesions and in normal tissue.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Lectin histochemistry was used to examine the expression and distribution of sialic acid in different grades of cervical neoplasia. We applied <it>Maackia amurensis </it>lectin, which interacts with α2,3-linked sialic acid and <it>Sambucus nigra </it>lectin specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The histochemical analysis showed that α2,3-linked sialic acid and α2,6- linked sialic acid increased in intensity and distribution in concordance with the grade of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). These results are in concordance with a previous study that reports increased RNAm levels of three sialyltransferases.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results show that the change in sialylation occurs before cancer development and may play an important role in cellular transformation. These findings provide the basis for more detailed studies of the possible role of cell surface glycoconjugates bearing sialic acid in the cellular cervix transformation.</p

Quantitative analysis of interferon alpha receptor subunit 1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 gene transcription in blood cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Interferon (IFN)-α receptor 1 (<it>ifnar1</it>) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (<it>socs1</it>) transcription levels were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 59 patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 17 non-infected individuals. Samples were obtained from patients infected with HCV that were either untreated or treated with IFN-α2 plus ribavirin for 1 year and divided into responders and non-responders based on viral load reduction 6 months after treatment. <it>Ifnar1 </it>and <it>socs1 </it>transcription was quantified by real-time RT-PCR, and the fold difference (2^-ΔΔCT) with respect to <it>hprt </it>housekeeping gene was calculated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>Ifnar1 </it>transcription increased significantly in HCV-infected patients either untreated (3.26 ± 0.31), responders (3.1 ± 0.23) and non-responders (2.18 ± 0.23) with respect to non-infected individuals (1 ± 0.34; <it>P </it>= 0.005). <it>Ifnar1 </it>transcription increased significantly (<it>P </it>= 0.003) in patients infected with HCV genotypes 1a (4.74 ± 0.25) and 1b (2.81 ± 0.25) but not in 1a1b (1.58 ± 0.21). No association was found of <it>Ifnar1 </it>transcription with disease progress, initial viral load or other clinical factors. With respect to <it>socs1 </it>transcription, values were similar for non-infected individuals (1 ± 0.28) and untreated patients (0.99 ± 0.41) but increased in responders (2.81 ± 0.17) and non-responder patients (1.67 ± 0.41). Difference between responder and non-responder patients was not statistically significant. <it>Socs1 </it>transcription increased in patients infected with HCV genotypes 1a and 1b (2.87 ± 0.45 and 2.22 ± 0.17, respectively) but not in 1a1b (1.28 ± 0.40). <it>Socs1 </it>transcript was absent in three patients infected with HCV genotype 1b. A weak correlation between <it>ifnar1 </it>and <it>socs1 </it>transcription was found, when Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest that HCV infection may up-regulate <it>ifnar1 </it>transcription. HCV genotypes differ in their capacity to affect <it>ifnar1 </it>and <it>socs1 </it>transcription, as well as in the ability to evade the antiviral response.</p

Evaluación in vitro de la actividad citotóxica y antitumoral de plantas medicinales recomendadas en Cuetzalan del Progreso, Puebla; México

Las plantas han sido empleadas desde la antigüedad como fuente de medicamentos, algunos principios activos con actividad farmacológica han sido obtenidos exitosamente a partir de éstas, los conocimientos tradicionales sobre su uso han servido para el tratamiento de diversidad de enfermedades. Las plantas Costus pulverulentus, Sechium edule, Tabernaemontana alba y Vernonia patens usadas en la medicina tradicional mexicana de Cuetzalan, Puebla fueron colectadas después de ser seleccionadas de acuerdo a su uso reportado por la comunidad (investigación de campo) y datos reportados en la bibliografía, obteniéndose extractos acuosos e hidroalcohólicos y se evaluó su capacidad para inhibir la proliferación y el crecimiento tumoral in vitro usando la línea celular de cáncer cervical humano SiHa. Dos tipos de ensayos fueron desarrollados: a) Inhibición de la proliferación celular y b) Reducción en el tamaño del tumor in vitro. Los extractos hidroalcohólicos de todas las plantas y el extracto acuoso de T. alba inhibieron la proliferación celular. El extracto hidroalcohólico de las partes aéreas de S. edule mostró la mayor actividad inhibitoria a la concentración de IC50 de 16.5 mg/mL. Todos los extractos hidroalcohólicos y el extracto acuoso de T. alba redujeron el tamaño del tumor formado in vitro. Tanto el extracto hidroalcohólico de V. patens como el de S. edule tuvieron la mayor actividad sobre los tumores in vitro; V. patens redujo su viabilidad en aproximadamente 40% a partir de la concentración de 1 mg/mL, esta misma planta tuvo resultados contrarios para el extracto acuoso que aumentó la proliferación del tumor

Atualização e inovação educacional digital para o ensino no século XXI

This article has been developed in order to respond to the need to implement an improvement of processes and procedures within the teaching of 24 beneficiaries of the Eugenio Espejo Educational’s Unit due to the impact that education has suffered because of the Covid-19 pandemic, where the way of providing classes has taken a 360-degree turn; that is, a transition from the face-to-face format to the virtual one. The objective of this research was to update the theoretical and practical knowledge of teachers of basic education and high school on issues of digital educational innovation, to strengthen the evolution of coordinated teaching, to achieve results that directly affect the quality of education and life of a social group by providing easy-to-use tools and free access for both teachers and students for the realization of synchronous and asynchronous work. From this, efforts have been made to improve the effectiveness and efficiency within the classes given by the professors to their students and to establish a more spontaneous communication. In this planning, the technological tools that were necessary for its formation and future application were identified, this was carried out prior to a dialogue.El presente artículo se ha desarrollado con el fin de responder a la necesidad de implementar una mejora de procesos y procedimientos dentro de la enseñanza a 24 beneficiarios de la Unidad Educativa Réplica Eugenio Espejo debido al impacto que ha sufrido la educación por causa de la pandemia Covid-19, en donde la forma de brindar las clases ha dado un giro de 360 grados; es decir, una transición del formato presencial al virtual.&nbsp; El objetivo de esta investigación fue actualizar los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos de los docentes de educación básica y de bachillerato en temas de innovación educativa digital, para fortalecer la evolución de la enseñanza coordinadamente, para lograr resultados que incidan directamente en la calidad de la educación y vida de un colectivo social dando a conocer herramientas de fácil manejo y libre acceso tanto para docentes como estudiantes en la realización de trabajos sincrónicos como asincrónicos. A partir de esto, se ha tratado de mejorar la eficacia y eficiencia dentro de las clases impartidas por los catedráticos a sus estudiantes y establecer una comunicación más espontánea. En esta planificación, se identificaron las herramientas tecnológicas que eran necesarias para su formación y futura aplicación, esto se llevó a cabo previo a un diálogo.Este artigo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de responder à necessidade de implementar uma melhoria nos processos e procedimentos no ensino de 24 beneficiários da Unidade Educacional Réplica Eugenio Espejo devido ao impacto que a educação sofreu devido à pandemia de Covid. -19, onde a forma de ministrar as aulas deu uma guinada de 360 ??graus; isto é, uma transição do formato presencial para o virtual. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi atualizar o conhecimento teórico e prático de professores do ensino fundamental e médio sobre questões de inovação educacional digital, para fortalecer a evolução do ensino de forma coordenada, para alcançar resultados que afetam diretamente a qualidade da educação e da vida dos um grupo social, apresentando ferramentas fáceis de usar e de livre acesso para professores e alunos na realização de trabalhos síncronos e assíncronos. A partir disso, procurou-se melhorar a eficácia e eficiência das aulas ministradas pelos professores aos seus alunos e estabelecer uma comunicação mais espontânea. Neste planejamento foram identificadas as ferramentas tecnológicas necessárias para sua formação e aplicação futura, o que foi realizado antes de um diálogo

Actualización e innovación educativa digital para la enseñanza en el siglo XXI

This article has been developed in order to respond to the need to implement an improvement of processes and procedures within the teaching of 24 beneficiaries of the Eugenio Espejo Educational’s Unit due to the impact that education has suffered because of the Covid-19 pandemic, where the way of providing classes has taken a 360-degree turn; that is, a transition from the face-to-face format to the virtual one. The objective of this research was to update the theoretical and practical knowledge of teachers of basic education and high school on issues of digital educational innovation, to strengthen the evolution of coordinated teaching, to achieve results that directly affect the quality of education and life of a social group by providing easy-to-use tools and free access for both teachers and students for the realization of synchronous and asynchronous work. From this, efforts have been made to improve the effectiveness and efficiency within the classes given by the professors to their students and to establish a more spontaneous communication. In this planning, the technological tools that were necessary for its formation and future application were identified, this was carried out prior to a dialogue.El presente artículo se ha desarrollado con el fin de responder a la necesidad de implementar una mejora de procesos y procedimientos dentro de la enseñanza a 24 beneficiarios de la Unidad Educativa Réplica Eugenio Espejo debido al impacto que ha sufrido la educación por causa de la pandemia Covid-19, en donde la forma de brindar las clases ha dado un giro de 360 grados; es decir, una transición del formato presencial al virtual. El objetivo de esta investigación fue actualizar los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos de los docentes de educación básica y de bachillerato en temas de innovación educativa digital, para fortalecer la evolución de la enseñanza coordinadamente, para lograr resultados que incidan directamente en la calidad de la educación y vida de un colectivo social dando a conocer herramientas de fácil manejo y libre acceso tanto para docentes como estudiantes para la realización de trabajos sincrónicos como asincrónicos. A partir de esto, se ha tratado de mejorar la eficacia y eficiencia dentro de las clases impartidas por los catedráticos a sus estudiantes y establecer una comunicación más espontánea. En esta planificación, se identificaron las herramientas tecnológicas que eran necesarias para su formación y futura aplicación, esto se llevó a cabo previo a un diálogo

Complicações sistêmicas na endocardite infecciosa da valva tricúspide

Introduction: tricuspid valve infectious endocarditis (IE) is rare and is associated with older patients, intravenous drug users or patients requiring intracardiac devices, catheters or prostheses, human immunodeficiency virus infection, diabetes mellitus (DM), neoplasms and hemodialysis.  Case presentation: a case report of a 31-year-old woman with a history of health, who was admitted for prolonged febrile syndrome and anemia under study, is described; On admission, signs of heart failure were found, predominantly right, with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus onset.  Discussion: tricuspid valve infective endocarditis was confirmed by Staphylococcus aureus. Serious complications such as: heart failure, recurrent bacterial bronchopneumonia due to pulmonary septic emboli, acute renal failure due to acute glomerulonephritis and acute tubular necrosis; Hemolytic anemia and acute neuroretinitis due to vasculitis or septic brain embolus characterized its torpid evolution. It required hemodynamic support and successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation after multiple cardiorespiratory stops due to polymorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation due to severe internal environment disorders and sepsis. Ampicillin 12 grm / day e.v + rifampicin 600 mg / day v.o for 6 weeks, was effective in eliminating septicemia. Conclusions: surgical treatment was applied (valvular replacement by metallic tricuspid prosthesis) without complications.Introducción: la endocarditis infecciosa (EI) de válvula tricúspide es rara y se asocia a pacientes de mayor edad, usuarios de drogas endovenosas o pacientes que requieren dispositivos intracardiacos, catéteres o prótesis, infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, diabetes mellitus (DM), neoplasias y hemodiálisis.Presentación de caso: se describe caso clínico de una mujer de 31 años con antecedentes de salud, que se admitió por síndrome febril prolongado y anemia en estudio; al ingreso se comprobaron signos de insuficiencia cardiaca a predominio derecho con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus de debut.Discusión: se confirmó endocarditis infecciosa de válvula tricúspide por Staphylococcus aureus. Complicaciones graves como: insuficiencia cardiaca, bronconeumonía bacteriana recurrente por émbolos sépticos pulmonares, insuficiencia renal aguda por glomerulonefritis aguda y necrosis tubular aguda; anemia hemolítica y neuroretinitis aguda debido a vasculitis o émbolos sépticos cerebrales caracterizaron su evolución tórpida. Requirió soporte hemodinámico y resucitación cardiopulmonar exitosa tras múltiples paradas cardiorespiratorias por taquicardia ventricular sostenida polimórfica y fibrilación ventricular debido a severos trastornos del medio interno y sepsis. Ampicilina 12 grm/día e.v + rifampicina 600 mg/dia v.o por 6 semanas, resultó efectiva para eliminar la septicemia.Conclusiones: se aplicó tratamiento quirúrgico (sustitución valvular por prótesis tricúspide metálica) sin complicaciones.  Antecedentes: A endocardite infecciosa (IE) da válvula tricúspide é rara e está associado com pacientes idosos, os utilizadores de drogas intravenosas ou pacientes que necessitam de dispositivos intracardíaca, cateteres ou próteses, infecção por HIV, diabetes mellitus (DM), neoplasias e hemodiálise.Apresentação do caso: caso clínico de uma mulher de 31 anos com uma história de saúde, o que foi admitido por síndrome febril prolongada e estudo anemia descrito; sinais de admissão de insuficiência cardíaca hipertensão dominância direita e estreia diabetes mellitus foram testados.Discussão: endocardite válvula tricúspide devido a Staphylococcus aureus foi confirmada. complicações graves, tais como insuficiência cardíaca, broncopneumonia bacteriana recorrente por êmbolos sépticos pulmonar, insuficiência renal aguda e glomerulonefrite aguda necrose tubular aguda; anemia hemolítica aguda e neurorretinite devido a êmbolos sépticos ou vasculite cerebral caracterizado sua torpid. Ele necessário suporte hemodinâmico e CPR bem sucedida após várias paradas cardiorrespiratórias sustentada taquicardia ventricular polimórfica e fibrilação ventricular devido a distúrbios graves e ambiente interno sepse. Ampicilina 12 grm / dia e.v + rifampicina 600 mg / dia durante 6 semanas v.o, foi eficaz para eliminar a septicemia.Conclusões: O tratamento cirúrgico foi aplicado (prótese de metal tricúspide substituição da válvula) sem complicações. 

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva of patients with active infection not associated with periodontal or liver disease severity

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mainly transmitted by parenteral route, being blood transfusion and intravenous drug use the most frequent risk factors. However, it has been suggested that there are other routes of transmission. There are several studies where HCV RNA has been detected in saliva of patients infected with HCV, and epidemiological studies have proposed the dental treatments as possible risk factors for HCV transmission. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of HCV RNA in saliva of patients with active infection and associating with periodontal or liver disease. METHODS: Patients with quantifiable HCV-RNA in serum were enrolled in the study. Periodontal disease was assessed using the modified gingival index (MGI). Presence of dental plaque was assessed with the use of disclosing tablets. Patients were clinically and laboratory evaluated to identify the stage of liver disease, the HCV RNA was determinate in saliva by nested RT-PCR. To determine associations between different parameters univariate and multivariate analysis were used. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were included. Of these patients, 21 (46.6%) had hepatitis, 23 (51.1%) had cirrhosis and one patient (2.4%) presented hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Viral loads in serum ranged from 2.31–6.68 log IU/ml with a mean of 5.46 log IU/ml (95% CI 5.23–5.70). HCV RNA was positive in saliva of 29 patients (64.4%) and was not detected in 16 (35.6%). For univariate analysis three independent variables were associated with the detection of HCV-RNA in saliva: gender, viral load and dental plaque and multivariate analysis only one independent variable viral load >5.17 log IU/mL remained significantly associated with the detection of HCV in saliva (p = 0.0002). A statistical difference was observed when viral load was analyzed, log 5.85 IU/mL (95% CI 5.67–6.02) for patients with HCV in saliva vs. log 4.77 IU/mL (95% CI 4.35–5.19) for patients without HCV in saliva (p = 0.0001). The detection of HCV-RNA in saliva was more frequent in patients with relatively high serum viral loads. CONCLUSION: HCV-RNA in saliva was associated with the level of serum viral load but not with periodontal or liver disease severity

Hepatitis C virus infection in blood donors from the state of Puebla, Mexico

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, 130 million persons are estimated to be infected with HCV. Puebla is the Mexican state with the highest mortality due to hepatic cirrhosis. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain epidemiological data on HCV infection in asymptomatic people of this region. The objective of present study was to analyze the prevalence of antibodies and genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in blood donors from Puebla, Mexico.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence was 0.84% (515/61553). Distribution by region was: North, 0.86% (54/6270); Southeast, 1.04% (75/7197); Southwest, 0.93% (36/3852); and Central, 0.79% (350/44234). Ninety-six donors were enrolled for detection and genotyping of virus, from which 37 (38.5%) were HCV-RNA positive. Detected subtypes were: 1a (40.5%), 1b (27.0%), mixed 1a/1b (18.9%), undetermined genotype 1 (5.4%), 2a (2.7%), 2b (2.7%), and mixed 1a/2a (2.7%). All recovered donors with S/CO > 39 were HCV-RNA positive (11/11) and presented elevated ALT; in donors with S/CO < 39 HCV-RNA, positivity was of 30.4%; and 70% had normal values of ALT. The main risk factors associated with HCV infection were blood transfusion and surgery.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>HCV prevalence of donors in Puebla is similar to other Mexican states. The most prevalent genotype is 1, of which subtype 1a is the most frequent.</p