Consenso Mexicano de Hepatitis Alcohólica

La hepatitis alcohólica es una condición frecuente en la población mexicana, se caracteriza por insuficiencia hepática aguda sobre crónica, importante reacción inflamatoria sistémica y fallo multiorgánico, que en la variante grave de la enfermedad implica una elevada mortalidad. Por lo anterior, la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología y la Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología conjuntaron un equipo multidisciplinario de profesionales de la salud para elaborar el primer consenso mexicano de hepatitis alcohólica. El consenso fue elaborado con la metodología Delphi, emitiendo 37 recomendaciones. La enfermedad hepática relacionada con el consumo de alcohol comprende un amplio espectro, que incluye esteatosis, esteatohepatitis, fibrosis en diferentes grados, cirrosis y sus complicaciones. La hepatitis alcohólica grave se define por una función modificada de Maddrey ≥ 32 o por un puntaje de MELD (Model for End- Stage Liver Disease) igual o mayor a 21. Actualmente no existe un biomarcador específico para el diagnóstico. La presencia de leucocitosis con neutrofilia, hiperbilirrubinemia (> 3 mg/dL),AST > 50 U/L ( 1.5-2 pueden orientar al diagnóstico. La piedraangular del tratamiento es la abstiencia junto con el soporte nutricional. Los esteroides estanindicados en la forma grave, en donde han resultado efectivos para reducir la mortalidad a28 días. El trasplante hepático es en la actualidad la única opción con que se cuenta parasalvar la vida de pacientes que no responden a los esteroides. Ciertos fármacos, como la N-acetilcisteína, el factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos y la metadoxina, pueden seruna terapia adyuvante que puede mejorar la supervivencia de los pacientes

The Mexican consensus on alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis is a frequent condition in the Mexican population. It is characterized by acute-on-chronic liver failure, important systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ failure. The severe variant of the disease implies elevated mortality. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología brought together a multidisciplinary team of health professionals to formulate the first Mexican consensus on alcoholic hepatitis, carried out utilizing the Delphi method and resultingin 37 recommendations. Alcohol-related liver disease covers a broad spectrum of patholo-gies that includes steatosis, steatohepatitis, different grades of fibrosis, and cirrhosis and itscomplications. Severe alcoholic hepatitis is defined by a modified Maddrey’s discriminant func-tion score ≥ 32 or by a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score equal to or above 21.There is currently no specific biomarker for its diagnosis. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hyper-bilirubinemia (>3 mg/dl), AST > 50 U/l ( 1.5-2 can guide thediagnosis. Abstinence from alcohol, together with nutritional support, is the cornerstone oftreatment. Steroids are indicated for severe disease and have been effective in reducing the28-day mortality rate. At present, liver transplantation is the only life-saving option for patientsthat are nonresponders to steroids. Certain drugs, such as N-acetylcysteine, granulocyte-colonystimulating factor, and metadoxine, can be adjuvant therapies with a positive impact on patientsurvival

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 9

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 9, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Uso antropocéntrico del guaje Leucaena esculenta (Moc. & Sessé Ex. Dc.) Benth, en dos comunidades de la mixteca baja oaxaqueña, México

The aim of this study was to quantify by means of canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) the use of guaje in food and traditional medicine, as well as the level of knowledge of this plant in the communities of Santiago Huajolotitlan and S. Cacaloxtepec in the mixteca baja region of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Stratified randomsampling was performed and a questionnaire was applied in each community. Subsequently the maximum potential knowledge value of each respondent (MP) was calculated, and data analysis was performed using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). The MP was (0.87) for the community of S. Huajolotitlan and (0.81) for S. Cacaloxtepec, which showed that the respondents have knowledge about the biology and medicinal use of guaje. The CDA showed significant difference (α = 0.05) in how to prepare guaje in both communities in Huajolotitlan, 55.3% prepare guaje in sauce, 8.3% in guaximole. With regard to diseases related to parasites, the variation percentage was 57%, whereas it was 21% for stomach pain. In Cacaloxtepec, 30% of respondents consume guaje in sauce. The variation percentage for medicinal use was 35% for deworming and 16% for making handicrafts. It is concluded that the main use of guaje in both communities is as food, the seeds being the main edible structure, and as a deworming agent, for which the bark is used.El objetivo de la presente investigación fue cuantificar el uso del guaje en la alimentación y el conocimiento en la medicina tradicional, mediante un análisis canónico discriminante (ACD) en las comunidades de Santiago Cacaloxtepec y S. Huajolotitlán en la mixteca baja de Oaxaca. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio estratificado y se aplicó un cuestionario etnobotánico en cada comunidad. Posteriormente se calculó el valor potencial máximo de conocimiento de cada informante (PM), el análisis de los datos se realizó mediante un análisis canónico discriminante (ACD). El PM para S. Huajolotitlán (0.87), S. Cacaloxtepec (0.81) lo que mostró que los informantes tienen conocimiento sobre la biología y uso medicinal del guaje. El ACD mostró diferencia significativa (α = 0.05) para la forma de preparación del guaje en Huajolotitlán el 55.3% preparan el guaje en salsa, el 8.3% en guaximole. En lo que respecta a las enfermedades relacionadas con los parásitos el porcentaje de variación fue del 57%, y para el dolor de estómago el 21%. En S. Cacaloxtepec el 30% de entrevistados preparan el guaje en salsa. El porcentaje de variación para el uso medicinal fue del 35% como desparasitante y el 16% elaboran artesanías. Se concluye que el principal uso del guaje en ambas comunidades es el de alimento siendo la principal estructura comestible las semillas y la corteza como desparasitante

Biodiesel from “Morelos” Rice: Synthesis, Oxidative Stability, and Corrosivity

Rice bran is a by-product of great production worldwide and its use for the synthesis of biodiesel does not affect the food chain and therefore it is an excellent alternative for the production of biofuels with low carbon footprint. In this work, the synthesis of biodiesel was carried out from the raw rice bran oil of a kernel variety called “Morelos rice.” The stability and corrosivity characteristics of biodiesel were determined. Biodiesel stability was determined both under storage conditions and under accelerated oxidation conditions, and its corrosivity was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at 110°C under aerated conditions. The results showed that, due to the high instability of the rice bran, its raw oil had a high content of free fatty acids. The synthesized biodiesel showed excellent stability under storage conditions of up to five months, and its oxidative stability was much higher than that established in international standards. On the other hand, biodiesel showed low corrosivity and this was only significant once oxidative degradation began

Thermal, Mechanical and UV-Shielding Properties of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Cerium Dioxide Hybrid Systems Obtained by Melt Compounding

Thick and homogeneous hybrid film systems based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the melt compounding method to improve thermal stability, mechanical and UV-shielding properties, as well as to propose them for use in the multifunctional materials industry. The effect of the inorganic phase on these properties was assessed by using two different weight percentages of synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles (0.5 and 1.0 wt %) with the sol–gel method and thermal treatment at different temperatures (120, 235, 400, 600 and 800 °C). Thereafter, the nanoceria powders were added to the polymer matrix by single screw extrusion. The absorption in the UV region was increased with the crystallite size of the CeO2 nanoparticles and the PMMA/CeO2 weight ratio. Due to the crystallinity of CeO2 nanoparticles, the thermal, mechanical and UV-shielding properties of the PMMA matrix were improved. The presence of CeO2 nanostructures exerts an influence on the mobility of PMMA chain segments, leading to a different glass transition temperature

Post-mating gene expression of Mexican fruit fly females: disentangling the effects of the male accessory glands

Mating has profound physiological and behavioural consequences for female insects. During copulation, female insects typically receive not only sperm, but a complex ejaculate containing hundreds of proteins and other molecules from male reproductive tissues, primarily the reproductive accessory glands. The post-mating phenotypes affected by male accessory gland (MAG) proteins include egg development, attraction to oviposition hosts, mating, attractiveness, sperm storage, feeding and lifespan. In the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, mating increases egg production and the latency to remating. However, previous studies have not found a clear relationship between injection of MAG products and oviposition or remating inhibition in this species. We used RNA-seq to study gene expression in mated, unmated and MAG-injected females to understand the potential mating- and MAG-regulated genes and pathways in A. ludens. Both mating and MAG-injection regulated transcripts and pathways related to egg development. Other transcripts regulated by mating included those with orthologs predicted to be involved in immune response, musculature and chemosensory perception, whereas those regulated by MAG-injection were predicted to be involved in translational control, sugar regulation, diet detoxification and lifespan determination. These results suggest new phenotypes that may be influenced by seminal fluid molecules in A. ludens. Understanding these influences is critical for developing novel tools to manage A. ludens.Fil: Sirot, L.. The College Of Wooster; Estados UnidosFil: Bansal, R.. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Research Service; Estados UnidosFil: Esquivel, C.J.. Ohio Agricultural Research And Development Center; Estados UnidosFil: Arteaga Vázquez, M.. Universidad Veracruzana; MéxicoFil: Herrera Cruz, M.. Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca; MéxicoFil: Pavinato, V.A.C.. Ohio Agricultural Research And Development Center; Estados UnidosFil: Abraham, Solana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Medina-Jiménez, K.. Universidad Veracruzana; México. Arkansas State University; Estados UnidosFil: Reyes Hernández, M.. Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara; México. Universidad Veracruzana; MéxicoFil: Dorantes Acosta, A.. Universidad Veracruzana; MéxicoFil: Pérez Staples, D.. Universidad Veracruzana; Méxic

Interleukin-13 Receptor in Psoriatic Keratinocytes: Overexpression of the mRNA and Underexpression of the Protein

Although several cytokines and their receptors have been involved in the development of psoriasis, the etiology is still unknown. In this study we looked for genes possibly involved in the disease by the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction differential display technique in lesional and nonlesional skin biopsies from psoriatic patients. We found the mRNA of the α1 chain of the interleukin-13 receptor expressed differentially in psoriatic biopsies. By reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, we confirmed an overexpression of the α1 chain of the IL-13 receptor and α chain of the interleukin-4 receptor mRNA in lesional skin psoriatic biopsies, when compared with skin biopsies from healthy subjects (p<0.01). The nonlesional skin obtained from a region close to a lesional zone in psoriatic patients presented also an overexpression of these mRNA in 50% of the samples. Interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 were not detected either as mRNA or as the proteins in any of the biopsies from psoriatic patients or healthy subjects. A monoclonal antibody to the α1 chain of the interleukin-13 receptor detected the receptor in the epidermal keratinocytes of psoriatic patients and of healthy subjects; however, the positive antibody reaction was stronger in skin tissue from healthy subjects than in psoriatic lesional skin tissue (p<0.01), although the mRNA was overexpressed. As interleukin-13 is a pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine with a variety of effects on different cell types, including monocytes, B lymphocytes, mast cells, and keratinocytes, we suggest, based on our results, that the interleukin-13 receptor possibly plays an important part in the early inflammatory process of psoriasis; however, its function is lost in the psoriatic keratinocytes