Modulation of Host Immunity by Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Virulence Factors: A Synergic Inhibition of Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus.The Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and high rates of hospitalizations in children and in the elderly worldwide. Symptoms of hRSV infection include bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The lung pathology observed during hRSV infection is due in part to an exacerbated host immune response, characterized by immune cell infiltration to the lungs. HRSV is an enveloped virus, a member of the Pneumoviridae family, with a non-segmented genome and negative polarity-single RNA that contains 10 genes encoding for 11 proteins. These include the Fusion protein (F), the Glycoprotein (G), and the Small Hydrophobic (SH) protein, which are located on the virus surface. In addition, the Nucleoprotein (N), Phosphoprotein (P) large polymerase protein (L) part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex, the M2-1 protein as a transcription elongation factor, the M2-2 protein as a regulator of viral transcription and (M) protein all of which locate inside the virion. Apart from the structural proteins, the hRSV genome encodes for the non-structural 1 and 2 proteins (NS1 and NS2). HRSV has developed different strategies to evade the host immunity by means of the function of some of these proteins that work as virulence factors to improve the infection in the lung tissue. Also, hRSV NS-1 and NS-2 proteins have been shown to inhibit the activation of the type I interferon response. Furthermore, the hRSV nucleoprotein has been shown to inhibit the immunological synapsis between the dendritic cells and T cells during infection, resulting in an inefficient T cell activation. Here, we discuss the hRSV virulence factors and the host immunological features raised during infection with this virus.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00367/ful

High energy vibrational excitations of nitromethane in liquid water

The pathways and timescales of vibrational energy flow in nitromethane are investigated in both gas and condensed phases using classical molecular mechanics, with a particular focus on relaxation in liquid water. We monitor the flow of excess energy deposited in vibrational modes of nitromethane into the surrounding solvent. A marked energy flux anisotropy is found when nitromethane is immersed in liquid water, with a preferential flow to those water molecules in contact to the nitro group. The factors that permit such anisotropic energy relaxation are discussed, along with the potential implications on the molecule's non-equilibrium dynamics. In addition, the energy flux analysis allows us to identify the solvent motions responsible for the uptake of solute energy, confirming the crucial role of water librations. Finally, we also show that no anisotropic vibrational energy relaxation occurs when nitromethane is surrounded by argon gas.A.J.R. acknowledges the financial support from the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya. C.C. acknowledges support from Spanish Grant No. PID2021-124297NB-C31, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe.” E.L.S. gratefully acknowledges support from the NSF via Grant No. CHE-1900095. A.J.R. and R.R. acknowledge support from Grant No. PID2021-124297NB-C32, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, and from the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant No. 2021 SGR 01411).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Percepción de las enfermeras sobre la aplicación del código deontológico de enfermería en Colombia

Introducción: En Colombia, las enfermeras cuentan con el código deontológico, creado por la Ley 911 del 2004, el cual define las disposiciones legales sobre ética para el ejercicio de la enfermería y conceptualiza el acto de cuidado. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, en enfermeras de instituciones públicas y privadas de la ciudad de Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana. Se diseñó un instrumento de 19 ítems. Se realizó análisis descriptivo. Resultados: 251 enfermeras fueron analizadas, mediana de edad 31 años; 87.6% mujeres; 27.0% tenían formación de posgrado; experiencia laboral mediana de 6 años. La mayoría refirieron que siempre aplicaban lo establecido en los Capítulos I y II, pero, no ocurrió así para el caso del ítem: “Cuando existen normas institucionales que limitan el acceso a los servicios de salud usted aboga por los pacientes”. En relación al Capítulo II del Título II, los aspectos de infraestructura, procedimientos técnicos administrativos, objeción de conciencia y la distribución del cuidado de acuerdo a la complejidad del paciente, se cumple a veces. Discusión: Los hallazgos de este estudio son similares con otros estudios, especialmente lo relacionado con los principios éticos definidos en el título I. Conclusiones: Los resultados, revelan que las enfermeras perciben que un porcentaje significativo de lo dispuesto en estos títulos se cumple a veces, lo cual sugiere un mayor análisis de estos aspectos.Cómo citar este artículo: Parra DI, Rey N, Amaya HC, Cárdenas MV, Arboleda LB, Corredor Y, et al. Percepción de las enfermeras sobre la aplicación del código deontológico de enfermería en Colombia. Rev Cuid. 2016; 7(2): 1310-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i2.335

Responsabilidades éticas na prática de enfermagem em instituições de alta complexidade

Introduction: The codes of ethics guide actions for an appropriate professional practice. Colombian Law 911 of 2004 establishes the legal provisions on ethics for nursing practice and conceptualizes the performance of nursing care. Objective: To determine how nurses see ethical responsibilities in professional practice and identify their relation with the service they provide and the institution they work at. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study among nurses working in public and private institutions. Descriptive and stratified analyses were performed.  Results:  A high percentage of nurses believe they always comply with the provisions of Section III. There was a statistically-significant relation between perception versus place of work in the items of respectful behavior, conscientious objection and clear nursing records, as well as, between perception versus services in the items of respectful behavior, location based on experience and training and completion of clear, sequential, and error-free records. Discussion: The results of this study evidence the fundamental elements of ethical nursing care stated in the scientific literature. Conclusions: Nursing practice involves a series of ethical responsibilities with the people in care that can vary depending on the context in which it is performed. This study found that the nursing records, conscientious objection, location based on experience and academic education are key factors of nursing practice related to the institution and service where nurses work. How to cite this article: Parra DI, Peñaloza SD, Cárdenas MV, Rey N, Amaya HC, Arboleda LB, et al. Responsabilidades éticas en la práctica de enfermería en instituciones de alta complejidad. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e662. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.662Introducción: Los códigos deontológicos, permiten guiar las acciones para un apropiado ejercicio profesional. En Colombia, la Ley 911 del 2004, establece las disposiciones legales sobre ética para el ejercicio de la enfermería y conceptualiza el acto de cuidado. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de las enfermeras sobre las responsabilidades éticas en la práctica profesional y la relación con el servicio e institución donde laboran. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en enfermeras que laboran en instituciones públicas y privadas. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y estratificado. Resultados:  Las enfermeras perciben en alto porcentaje que siempre cumple lo establecido en el Título III. Hubo relación estadísticamente significativa entre percepción y la institución donde labora para los ítems de conducta respetuosa, objeción de conciencia y registros de enfermería claros y entre percepción versus servicios, para los ítems de conducta respetuosa, ubicación de acuerdo a la experiencia y formación y diligenciamiento de registros claros, secuenciales y sin errores. Discusión: Los resultados de este estudio permiten evidenciar elementos fundamentales del actuar ético de enfermería referidos en la literatura científica. Conclusiones: La práctica de enfermería implica una serie de responsabilidades éticas con los sujetos de cuidado que pueden variar según el contexto donde esta se desarrolle. En este estudio, se concluyó que los registros de enfermería, la objeción de conciencia, la ubicación de acuerdo a la experiencia y formación académica eran fundamentales para el ejercicio de la práctica y estaban relacionados con la institución y servicio donde se laboraba. Como citar este artículo: Parra DI, Peñaloza SD, Cárdenas MV, Rey N, Amaya HC, Arboleda LB, et al. Responsabilidades éticas en la práctica de enfermería en instituciones de alta complejidad. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e662. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.662Introdução: Os códigos de ética permitem orientar as ações para um exercício profissional adequado. Na Colômbia, a Lei 911 de 2004 estabelece as disposições legais sobre ética para a prática de enfermagem e conceitua o ato de cuidar. Objetivo: Determinar a percepção das enfermeiras no referente às responsabilidades éticas na prática profissional e a relação com o serviço e a instituição onde as enfermeiras trabalham. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal em enfermeiras que trabalham em instituições públicas e privadas. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva e estratificada. Resultados: As enfermeiras percebem, em um alto percentual, que sempre cumprem o estabelecido no Título III. Houve uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a percepção e a instituição onde elas trabalham para os itens de comportamento respeitoso, objeção de consciência e registros claros de enfermagem e entre a percepção versus os serviços para os itens de comportamento respeitoso, localização de acordo com a experiência e a formação e o preenchimento de registros claros, sequenciais e sem erros. Discussão: Os resultados deste estudo permitem evidenciar elementos fundamentais das ações éticas de enfermagem referidas na literatura científica. Conclusões: A prática de enfermagem implica uma série de responsabilidades éticas com os sujeitos que são cuidados, que podem variar de acordo com o contexto em que seja feito esse cuidado. Neste estudo, concluiu-se que os registros de enfermagem, a objeção de consciência, a localização de acordo com a experiência e a formação acadêmica foram fundamentais para a prática e estavam relacionados com a instituição e com o serviço em que as enfermeiras atuavam. Como citar este artigo: Parra DI, Peñaloza SD, Cárdenas MV, Rey N, Amaya HC, Arboleda LB, et al. Responsabilidades éticas en la práctica de enfermería en instituciones de alta complejidad. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e662. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.66

Recombinant BCG Vaccines Reduce Pneumovirus-Caused Airway Pathology by Inducing Protective Humoral Immunity

The Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) and the Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) are two pneumoviruses that are leading agents causing acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) affecting young infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients worldwide. Since these pathogens were first discovered, many approaches for the licensing of safe and effective vaccines have been explored being unsuccessful to date. We have previously described that immunization with recombinant strains of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) expressing the hRSV nucleoprotein (rBCG-N) or the hMPV phosphoprotein (rBCG-P) induced immune protection against each respective virus. These vaccines efficiently promoted viral clearance without significant lung damage, mainly through the induction of a T helper 1 cellular immunity. Here we show that upon viral challenge, rBCG-immunized mice developed a protective humoral immunity, characterized by production of antibodies specific for most hRSV and hMPV proteins. Further, isotype switching from IgG1 to IgG2a was observed in mice immunized with rBCG vaccines and correlated with an increased viral clearance, as compared to unimmunized animals. Finally, sera obtained from animals immunized with rBCG vaccines and infected with their respective viruses exhibited virus neutralizing capacity and protected naïve mice from viral replication and pulmonary disease. These results support the notion that the use of rBCG strains could be considered as an effective vaccination approach against other respiratory viruses with similar biology as hRSV and hMPV

Pie aprendizaje servicio y participación en una experiencia teatral para la adquisición de competencias de análisis en etnografía y del discurso

Proyecto de Colaboración entre Docentes, Estudiantes y Creadores Teatrales en torno a una experiencia de creación colaborativa dramatúrgica implementada mediante tecnología digital para desarrollo de Prácticas de Aprendizaje Servicio así como Perspectivas de conocimiento y aplicaciones de Metodologías de análisis comunicativo, y sociocultural, sobre un fenómeno cultural teatral

Autoantibodies Against Proteins Previously Associated With Autoimmunity in Adult and Pediatric Patients With COVID-19 and Children With MIS-C

The antibody profile against autoantigens previously associated with autoimmune diseases and other human proteins in patients with COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) remains poorly defined. Here we show that 30% of adults with COVID-19 had autoantibodies against the lung antigen KCNRG, and 34% had antibodies to the SLE-associated Smith-D3 protein. Children with COVID-19 rarely had autoantibodies; one of 59 children had GAD65 autoantibodies associated with acute onset of insulin-dependent diabetes. While autoantibodies associated with SLE/Sjögren’s syndrome (Ro52, Ro60, and La) and/or autoimmune gastritis (gastric ATPase) were detected in 74% (40/54) of MIS-C patients, further analysis of these patients and of children with Kawasaki disease (KD), showed that the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was largely responsible for detection of these autoantibodies in both groups of patients. Monitoring in vivo decay of the autoantibodies in MIS-C children showed that the IVIG-derived Ro52, Ro60, and La autoantibodies declined to undetectable levels by 45-60 days, but gastric ATPase autoantibodies declined more slowly requiring >100 days until undetectable. Further testing of IgG and/or IgA antibodies against a subset of potential targets identified by published autoantigen array studies of MIS-C failed to detect autoantibodies against most (16/18) of these proteins in patients with MIS-C who had not received IVIG. However, Troponin C2 and KLHL12 autoantibodies were detected in 2 of 20 and 1 of 20 patients with MIS-C, respectively. Overall, these results suggest that IVIG therapy may be a confounding factor in autoantibody measurements in MIS-C and that antibodies against antigens associated with autoimmune diseases or other human proteins are uncommon in MIS-C

Autoantibodies Against Proteins Previously Associated With Autoimmunity in Adult and Pediatric Patients With COVID-19 and Children With MIS-C

The antibody profile against autoantigens previously associated with autoimmune diseases and other human proteins in patients with COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) remains poorly defined. Here we show that 30% of adults with COVID-19 had autoantibodies against the lung antigen KCNRG, and 34% had antibodies to the SLE-associated Smith-D3 protein. Children with COVID-19 rarely had autoantibodies; one of 59 children had GAD65 autoantibodies associated with acute onset of insulin-dependent diabetes. While autoantibodies associated with SLE/Sjögren's syndrome (Ro52, Ro60, and La) and/or autoimmune gastritis (gastric ATPase) were detected in 74% (40/54) of MIS-C patients, further analysis of these patients and of children with Kawasaki disease (KD), showed that the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was largely responsible for detection of these autoantibodies in both groups of patients. Monitoring in vivo decay of the autoantibodies in MIS-C children showed that the IVIG-derived Ro52, Ro60, and La autoantibodies declined to undetectable levels by 45-60 days, but gastric ATPase autoantibodies declined more slowly requiring >100 days until undetectable. Further testing of IgG and/or IgA antibodies against a subset of potential targets identified by published autoantigen array studies of MIS-C failed to detect autoantibodies against most (16/18) of these proteins in patients with MIS-C who had not received IVIG. However, Troponin C2 and KLHL12 autoantibodies were detected in 2 of 20 and 1 of 20 patients with MIS-C, respectively. Overall, these results suggest that IVIG therapy may be a confounding factor in autoantibody measurements in MIS-C and that antibodies against antigens associated with autoimmune diseases or other human proteins are uncommon in MIS-C

Associations between eating speed, diet quality, adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk factors

Objective: To assess the associations between eating speed, adiposity, cardiometabolic risk factors, and diet quality in a cohort of Spanish preschool-children. Study design: A cross-sectional study in 1371 preschool age children (49% girls; mean age, 4.8 ± 1.0 years) from the Childhood Obesity Risk Assessment Longitudinal Study (CORALS) cohort was conducted. After exclusions, 956 participants were included in the analyses. The eating speed was estimated by summing the total minutes used in each of the 3 main meals and then categorized into slow, moderate, or fast. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the β-coefficient, or OR and 95% CI, between eating speed and body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile. Results: Compared with participants in the slow-eating category, those in the fast-eating category had a higher prevalence risk of overweight/obesity (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.8-4.4; P < .01); larger waist circumference (β, 2.6 cm; 95% CI, 1.5-3.8 cm); and greater FMI (β, 0.3 kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.5 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (β, 2.8 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.6-4.9 mmHg), and fasting plasma glucose levels (β, 2.7 mg/dL, 95% CI, 1.2-4.2 mg/dL) but lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (β, −0.5 points; 95% CI, −0.9 to −0.1 points). Conclusions: Eating fast is associated with higher adiposity, certain cardiometabolic risk factors, and lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Further long-term and interventional studies are warranted to confirm these associations

European Journalism Observatory- a platform for training and professional networks in the Faculty of Information Sciences

The launching of a Spanish platform within the Observatory will serve as a training laboratory for undergraduate and graduate students of the Faculty of Information Sciences at the same time as for establishing a professional media network in and outside Spain. The European Journalism Observatory (EJO) is a network of 14 non-profit media research institutes in 11 countries where Spain continue to be the missing element. All researchers in the EJO network actively strive to transfer their knowledge to the media industry as well as interested publics outside the scientific community, as a platform to enable online availability of at least a portion of many publications in several languages