Herramientas digitales y el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de inglés, centro de idiomas, universidad privada, Lima, 2023

El objetivo general de la investigación fue determinar la relación entre el uso de herramientas digitales y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de inglés en un Centro de Idiomas de una universidad privada en Lima. La metodología aplicada fue un diseño descriptivo correlacional. Fue un estudio Cuantitativo-Básico. No experimental, Descriptivo- Correlacional. La población fue 80 estudiantes. La muestra no probabilística-intencional de 55 estudiantes. Los instrumentos fueron validados por 5 expertos Doctores en Educación. Para el análisis de datos se realizó un análisis inferencial y un análisis descriptivo. Se aplicó la prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov y como los resultados fueron no normales se aplicó la RHO de Spearman. Los resultados indicaron que existe una correlación moderada entre el uso efectivo de herramientas digitales y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes. Las conclusiones sugieren que la aplicación adecuada de herramientas digitales en la enseñanza puede mejorar las habilidades cognitivas y promover un aprendizaje más activo, colaborativo y reflexivo

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Satisfacción y calidad de servicio del turista en el comercio turístico del Callao, 2019

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre “Satisfacción y Calidad de Servicio del Turista en el Comercio Turístico del Callao, 2019”. El estudio es del tipo mixto, descriptivo – correlacional, se utilizó el diseño metodológico no experimental transversal. La población estuvo conformada por turistas, que visitaron la provincia constitucional del Callao – La Punta , durante los meses de junio, julio y agosto del 2019. La muestra estuvo integrada por 383 turistas, se utilizó el instrumento elaborado por el investigador, que fue validado por la opinión de cuatro expertos emitida a través de la ficha de opinión de expertos. Con respecto a la confianza del instrumento, se utilizó el Alpha de Cronbach, siendo el valor 0.855 para la guía de escala de satisfacción del turista y 0.822 para la guía de escala de calidad de servicio. Los resultados obtenidos arrojaron que a nivel general, se establece una correlación alta positiva, entre las dos variables de estudio (satisfacción y calidad de servicio), medida a través del coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman, siendo este valor de 0,660**, con un nivel de significancia de 0,000. Se concluye a través de la hipótesis general que la relación entre la satisfacción y la calidad de servicio del turista es alta en el comercio turístico de la provincia constitucional del Callao

Programa de prevención en drogadicción y maltrato intrafamiliar en jóvenes del colegio departamental San Martín en Tabio (Cundinamarca) dirigido por el programa Futuro Colombia

37 Páginas.El presente trabajo es una investigación acción participativa en donde a través del programa Futuro Colombia se pretende realizar una prevención de la delincuencia juvenil a partir de una intervención social, la cual se realizó a 40 estudiantes del Colegio Departamental San Martin en Tabio (Cundinamarca). Para la implementación del programa inicialmente se realizó una detección de necesidades, la cual permitió orientar el trabajo a la prevención de la violencia intrafamiliar y adicciones a sustancias psicoactivas. Como resultado se logró sensibilizar a los estudiantes frente a las problemáticas que se detectaron al principio de la investigación. Asimismo, se generaron habilidades de liderazgo en los adolescentes lo cual permitió que estos aplicaran lo aprendido a su comunidad

Forensic analysis of dog (Canis lupus familiaris) mitochondrial DNA sequences: An inter-laboratory study of the GEP-ISFG working group

A voluntary collaborative exercise aiming at the mitochondrial analysis of canine biological samples was carried out in 2006-2008 by the Non-Human Forensic Genetics Commission of the Spanish and Portuguese Working Group (GEP) of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG). The participating laboratories were asked to sequence two dog samples (one bloodstain and one hair sample) for the mitochondrial D-loop region comprised between positions 15,372 and 16,083 using suggested primers and PCR conditions, and to compare their results against a reference sequence. Twenty-one participating laboratories reported a total of 67.5% concordant results, 15% non-concordant results, and 17.5% no results. The hair sample analysis presented more difficulty to the participants than the bloodstain analysis, with a high percentage (29%) failing to obtain a result. The high level of participation showed the interest of the community in the analysis of dog forensic samples but the results reveal that crucial methodological issues need to be addressed and further training is required in order to respond proficiently to the demands of forensic casework.Fil: van Asch, Barbara. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Albarran, Cristina. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Alonso, Antonio. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Angulo, Ramón. No especifíca;Fil: Alves, Cíntia. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Betancor, Eva. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; EspañaFil: Catanesi, Cecilia Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Corach, Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; ArgentinaFil: Crespillo, Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Doutremepuich, Christian. No especifíca;Fil: Estonba, Andone. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Fernandes, Ana Teresa. Universidade Da Madeira; PortugalFil: Fernandez, Eugenia. No especifíca;Fil: Garcia, Ana Maria. No especifíca;Fil: Garcia, Miguel Angel. No especifíca;Fil: Gilardi, Patricia. No especifíca;Fil: Gonçalves, Rita. Universidade da Madeira; PortugalFil: Hernández, Alexis. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Lima, Gabriela. Instituto de Medicina Legal; PortugalFil: Nascimento, Eugênio. No especifíca;Fil: de Pancorbo, Marian M.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Parra, David. Servicio de Criminalıstica de la Guardia Civil; EspañaFil: Pinheiro, Maria de Fátima. Instituto de Medicina Legal; PortugalFil: Prat, Elena. No especifíca;Fil: Puente, Jorge. No especifíca;Fil: Ramírez, José Luis. Comisarıa General de Policıa Cientıfica; EspañaFil: Rendo, Fernando. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Rey, Isabel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Di Rocco, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Anayanci. Poder Judicial de Costa Rica; Costa RicaFil: Sala, Adriana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; ArgentinaFil: Salla, Joel. No especifíca;Fil: Sanchez, Juan J.. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Solá, Dácil. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Silva, Sandra. No especifíca;Fil: Pestano Brito, José Juan. Instituto Medicina Legal de Las Palmas; EspañaFil: Amorim, António. Universidad de Porto; Portuga

Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trialResearch in context

Summary: Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04847141. Findings: 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. Funding: Grifols

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Background Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. No comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study. We aimed to calculate disease burden worldwide and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methods to enable meaningful comparisons over time. Methods We calculated DALYs as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were calculated for 291 causes, 20 age groups, both sexes, and for 187 countries, and aggregated to regional and global estimates of disease burden for three points in time with strictly comparable definitions and methods. YLLs were calculated from age-sex-country-time-specific estimates of mortality by cause, with death by standardised lost life expectancy at each age. YLDs were calculated as prevalence of 1160 disabling sequelae, by age, sex, and cause, and weighted by new disability weights for each health state. Neither YLLs nor YLDs were age-weighted or discounted. Uncertainty around cause-specific DALYs was calculated incorporating uncertainty in levels of all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, prevalence, and disability weights. Findings Global DALYs remained stable from 1990 (2.503 billion) to 2010 (2.490 billion). Crude DALYs per 1000 decreased by 23% (472 per 1000 to 361 per 1000). An important shift has occurred in DALY composition with the contribution of deaths and disability among children (younger than 5 years of age) declining from 41% of global DALYs in 1990 to 25% in 2010. YLLs typically account for about half of disease burden in more developed regions (high-income Asia Pacific, western Europe, high-income North America, and Australasia), rising to over 80% of DALYs in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1990, 47% of DALYs worldwide were from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, 43% from non-communicable diseases, and 10% from injuries. By 2010, this had shifted to 35%, 54%, and 11%, respectively. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs worldwide in 2010 (up from fourth rank in 1990, increasing by 29%), followed by lower respiratory infections (top rank in 1990; 44% decline in DALYs), stroke (fifth in 1990; 19% increase), diarrhoeal diseases (second in 1990; 51% decrease), and HIV/AIDS (33rd in 1990; 351% increase). Major depressive disorder increased from 15th to 11th rank (37% increase) and road injury from 12th to 10th rank (34% increase). Substantial heterogeneity exists in rankings of leading causes of disease burden among regions. Interpretation Global disease burden has continued to shift away from communicable to non-communicable diseases and from premature death to years lived with disability. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, many communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders remain the dominant causes of disease burden. The rising burden from mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes will impose new challenges on health systems. Regional heterogeneity highlights the importance of understanding local burden of disease and setting goals and targets for the post-2015 agenda taking such patterns into account. Because of improved definitions, methods, and data, these results for 1990 and 2010 supersede all previously published Global Burden of Disease results

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)