Importance of biological systems in industrial waste treatment potential application to the space station

In addition to having applications for waste management issues on planet Earth, microbial systems have application in reducing waste volumes aboard spacecraft. A candidate for such an application is the space station. Many of the planned experiments generate aqueous waste. To recycle air and water the contaminants from previous experiments must be removed before the air and water can be used for other experiments. This can be achieved using microorganisms in a bioreactor. Potential bioreactors (inorganics, organics, and etchants) are discussed. Current technologies that may be applied to waste treatment are described. Examples of how biological systems may be used in treating waste on the space station

Pengaruh Hormon Giberelin (GA3) Terhadap Daya Kecambah dan Vigoritas Calopogonium caeruleum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hormon giberelin (GA3) terhadapdaya kecambah dan vigoritas Calopogonium caeruleum. Penelitian menggunakan RancanganAcak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama konsentrasi GA3 (G) terdiri dari 6 tarafG0 = 0 ppm, G1 = 100 ppm, G2 = 200 ppm, G3 = 300 ppm, G4 = 400 ppm, G5 = 500 ppm,sedangkan faktor ke dua adalah lama perendaman, terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu T1 = 6 jam, T2 = 12jam dan T3 = 24 jam, sehingga didapat 18 kombinasi perlakuan dengan ulangan sebanyak 3kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase daya kecambah (%) dan vigoritas (%). Analisisdata menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan apabila terdapat perbedaan nyatadilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwainteraksi konsentrasi GA3 dan lama perendaman memperlihatkan pengaruh yang nyata(P<0,05) terhadap persentase perkecambahan dan vigoritas Calopogonium caeruleum.Perlakuan yang terbaik dalam menghasilkan persentase perkecambahan Calopogoniumcaeruleum tertinggi adalah G5T3 (GA3 500 ppm dengan lama perendaman 24 jam) yaitusebesar 57,33%

The regiochemistry of alkenylsilyl, alkenyldisilanyl and alkenylsilyloxy radical cyclizations

The regiochemistry of intramolecular cyclization of some alkenylsilyl and alkenyldisilanyl radicals has been examined. It has been demonstrated that the silyl radicals produced by hydrogen abstraction from a pentenylsilane, a butenylsilane, a butenyldisilane, an allyldisilane, and a butenyloxysilane all cyclize in an endo-fashion. This is in complete contrast to what is known for the analogous carbon-centered radicals. No cyclic products are observed for chain lengths shorter than five atoms. Also, when alkenyldisiloxanyl and butadienyl-type silyl radicals are generated by pyrolytic cleavage of silicon-allyl bonds, endo-closure is found to be the exclusive mode of cyclization. However, alkenyldisilanyl radicals undergo disproportionation to silenes when generated by pyrolysis of allyldisilanes. The silenes, formed by what is formally a retroene elimination of propene, afford 1,3-disilacyclics via silene to silylene rearrangement;The pyrolysis of 3-butenylsilanes was found to give (alpha)-silyl radicals via carbon-allyl homolysis of the butenyl groups. A 1,2-hydrogen migration from silicon to a carbon-centered radical has been observed for dimethylsilylcarbinyl radical. The radical was produced from 3-butenyldimethylsilane and afforded the first example of this type 1,2-hydrogen shift. Intramolecular endo-cyclization has also been observed to occur for (alpha)-silyl radicals possessing an alkenyl substituent;The pyrolysis of allyloxysilanes was also examined in a search for precursors to alkenylsilyloxy radicals. From this study, allyloxy-allyldimethylsilane was found to be an excellent dimethylsilanone precursor; the initial step being oxygen-allyl cleavage to the corresponding silyloxy radical

Makrozoobentos Sebagai Indikator Biologi Dari Kualitas Air Di Sungai Kumpeh Dan Danau Arang-Arang Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Jambi

This research is used for know the water quality in Kumpeh River and Arang-arang Lakein Kumpeh district based on macrozoobenthic as the biological indicator. To know the communitystructures of macrozoobenthic so it used the analysis of Diversity Index, which uses the Shannon –Weaner Diversity Index. Based on the result of these identification, it was found the quality ofmacrozoobenthic index diversity for Kumpeh River and Arang-arang Lake were between 1.0 - 1.5 andboth of them has been classified as the moderately polluted group. The index of macroozobenthicdiversity of Kumpeh River are about 1.21 and Arang-arang Lake about 1.19 and 1.33. The existencesof Indicator species like Chironomous sp., Scatella sp. And Branchiura sowerbyi are also indicate thatboth of water was polluted

Reading Ability and Perception

Skilled reading can be partly understood as a set- of interrelated component processes (Perfetti & Lesgold, 1979). The efficiency with which any one of these component pro cesses operates could limit or improve the efficient opera tion of the other component processes. However, there is some controversy over which of these component processes are important in showing differences in overall reading ability. The processes of interest in this study are those at the perceptual level. The purpose of the existing study was to examine the relationship between perceptual processes involved in reading and individual differences in reading ability among college students. Specifically, the present study assessed whether skilled readers utilized more effectively compared to less skilled readers such perceptual factors as spatial re dundancy when tachistoscopicly presented four-letter words. Furthermore, the words were presented at four different rates in order to examine whether certain perceptual factors affect the speed of verbal encoding when performing perceptual tasks. Thirty-four highly skilled and 36 less skilled college readers were rated on the basis of their scores on a standard ized reading test. They were then divided into groups per forming one of three perceptual tasks: item location (where a letter appeared in the word), item identification (what the letter is,- at a specific letter position in the word), or a combination of the two tasks (both item location and identi fication). Subjects viewed 128 words, 32 at each presentation rate. Subjects responded after each word was presented. The proportion of errors in responding to the words was computed. A 2 (Ability) x 3 (Condition) x 4 (Exposure Dura tion) x 2 (Spatial Redundancy) x 4 (Serial Position) ANOYA was computed on this data. Standard significant main effects of duration, spatial redundancy, and serial position were found along with a condition x duration and a spatial redund ancy x serial position interaction. More importantly, a significant ability x duration x spatial redundancy x serial position interaction was observed. This may reflect qualitative differences in the nature in which good and poor readers process words. Good readers did not seem to utilize such factors as spatial redundancy in processing order more than poor readers since a significant ability x condition x spatial redundancy interaction was not found. In addition, it was expected that the condition com bining both item location and identification would be more difficult than either of the other two tasks. However, this condition showed smaller errors rates suggesting that a combination of the two processes augmented the efficiency of feature extraction. The primary result of the present study was that reading ability differences were found in processing at the perceptual level. If reading ability differences exist at the perceptual level, such as in encoding item location (Mason, 1980; Mason et*:al., 1981), then it follows that this may limit the efficiency of later components of word recognition. A more extensive manipulation of reader ability and perceptual tasks may help elucidate the viability of this interpretation

Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, T-Lymphocyte Mitogenic Responses to Outer Membrane Proteins and LPS of the Gram Negative Rod Bacterium, Edwardsiella ictaluri

A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Barry Revis Hamilton on December 8, 1995

Improving Nurse-Patient Communication Using the Teach-Back Method

Effective nursing communication considers health literacy, the person’s ability to understand and make health decisions based on the information given. Health professionals often overestimate the health literacy of patients, thereby affecting patient outcomes. In a hospital environment, patients rate the ability of the nurse to explain things in a way patients understand by completing the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) after discharge. The HCAHPS results are converted to a score which is used in a formula to determine hospital reimbursement; the lower the score, the lower the reimbursement. The purpose of this project was to improve nurse communication skills and facilitate patient understanding of care. A literature review revealed the teach-back method as a best practice strategy. Teach-back is a communication technique designed to improve patient understanding about what was said by healthcare providers. Teach-back is a way of presenting information, then asking patients to repeat what was said in their own words. An education module designed to improve nurse communication skills was implemented on a 14-bed hospitalist medical unit for the registered nurse staff (N=13). The education included content on health literacy and the teach-back method of communication. Nursing staff was surveyed before (61.5% response rate) and six weeks following (50% response rate) the educational offering, using the Health Professionals Communication Skills Scale (HP CSS), an 18-item tool measuring empathy, informative communication, respect, and social skills. In addition, patient responses to the HCAHPS question, the nurse explained things in a way you could understand were compared before and after the educational offering. Overall, the post-survey responses were lower than the pre-survey responses in each domain, indicating a decreased perception of communication by the nursing staff. The aggregate mean score for informative communication decreased from 5.01 to 4.83 (p = 0.37) and social skills decreased from 3.85 to 3.75 (p = 0.87) on the post-survey, with significant aggregate mean score decreases for respect 5.46 to 4.76 (p\u3c.05) and empathy 5.32 to 4.77 (p\u3c.05) post-survey. All patients discharged home from this facility receive the HCAHPS survey; the average response rate is 12%. During the pre-implementation period (September – November) 22 patients completed the survey and during the post implementation period (January–March) only three patients completed the survey. Outcomes will be monitored as communication between nurses and patients improves over time. Education on the best practice strategy of the teach-back method of communication has been implemented for all bedside staff within the organization, including newly hired nurses. A teach-back module had been placed in the electronic learning management system for mandatory completion by all staff. With this multi-level approach to implementing teach-back, patients should have greater opportunities for understanding their care

Anting Behavior in Birds: Ant Selection and Effect of ant Chemistry on Feather Ectoparasites

Active anting behavior occurs when songbirds apply ants to their feathers. During anting displays, a bird draws its wings forward in front of the head and swings its tail around to the far right or left. Both wing and tail feathers are then rubbed with ants held in the bird\u27s beak. The potential associations among ants, feather ectoparasites and birds make anting behavior an important community-level interaction. Although this behavior is cosmopolitan in distribution and occurs in a wide variety of passerine birds, it remains poorly understood. This dissertation tested hypotheses about anting behavior through controlled experiments with captive songbirds in an aviary. Experimental results revealed that bird responses to ants included either consumption without anting behavior, anting displays without ant consumption, or consumption of manipulated ants following anting displays. Birds were highly selective of ant species for anting displays and chose ants from the subfamily Formicinae significantly more often than from the Myrmicinae. Camponotus, Lasius and Aphaenogaster ants were preferred and Pheidole and Crematogaster ants were rejected. Preferred ants were significantly more active than ignored ants and lacked aggressive stinging and biting behaviors. Temperature and humidity did not affect anting displays, but significantly less anting episodes occurred on cloudy days. Feather molt condition was unrelated to anting behavior. Polar and non-polar extracts of preferred and ignored ants were tested for microbial inhibition of potential feather parasites. No extracts inhibited growth of the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis strains 138B and 1432B or the fungi Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Trichoderma viride or fungal spore germination. Formic acid inhibited growth of all microbial species and spore germination of C. globosum. Dust bathing site location in Wild Turkeys was not related to the presence of preferred ant species, indicating no association between anting behavior and dust bathing activity. These experiments represented the first controlled quantitative study to identify biotic and abiotic factors involved in this widespread and complex behavioral pattern

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Predict Observe Explain dan Motivasi terhadap Higher Order Thinking Skills Siswa : (The Effect of Predict Observe Explain Learning Model and Motivation on Students' Higher Order Thinking Skills)

The low thinking ability of students can be caused by the strategies and models applied by the teacher in learning that have not been oriented towards empowering high-level thinking, and only emphasize understanding concepts (Kawuwung, 2014). Therefore, to increase the HOTS of students, a good learning strategy is needed, starting from the selection of the learning model used in the classroom. The learning model that makes students active is the POE (Predict, Observe, Explain) The strength of this research POE provides an opportunity for students to generate their own conceptual knowledge through reconciliation and negotiation between prior knowledge and new knowledge. Weaknesses in this study Requires readiness and skills from teachers and students, Requires readiness and careful planning in addition to requiring quite a long time.learning model. This study aims to determine the effect of using the Predict Observe Explain learning model, and motivation on students' HOTS in the biology subject matter of the human respiratory system. This research is a quantitative research. The design used in this study is a quasi-experimental design. There are two types of instruments used as a means of collecting data (learning motivation questionnaire and learning test). The instrument used has been validated first by the validator. The results showed that the results of the control class with the pretest average were 68.90, the posttest was 72.65, while the pretest experimental class was 71.40, while the posttest was 79.45. The relationship between POE and HOTS is significant and positive at 13,892. Based on the results of calculations with the SPSS program, the value of sig <0.05 was obtained, namely 0.000 or 0.000 <0.05 so that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Learning motivation also has a significant effect on the HOTS ability of class VIII students of SMPN 9 Merangin, with the acquisition of sig <0.05, namely 0.001 or 0.000 <0.05 so that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Meanwhile, the relationship between the two is positive and significant at 12,527. So the use of the POE Model and learning motivation contributed to the improvement of the HOTS Ability of VIII students of SMPN 9 Merangin. Abstrak. Rendahnya kemampuan berpikir peserta didik dapat disebabkan karena strategi dan model yang diterapkan oleh guru dalam pembelajaran belum berorientasi pada pemberdayaan berpikir tingkat tinggi, dan hanya menekankan pada pemahaman konsep (Kawuwung, 2014). Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan HOTS peserta didik diperlukan strategi pembelajaran yang baik, dimulai dari pemilihan model pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam kelas. Model pembelajaran yang membuat siswa aktif adalah model pembelajaran POE (Predict, Observe, Explain). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran Predict Observe Explain, dan motivasi terhadap HOTS siswa pada mata pelajaran biologi materi sistem pernapasan manusia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu (Quasi Experimental Design). Instrumen yang digunakan sebagai alat pengumpulan data ini ada dua jenis (angket motivasi belajar dan tes belajar). Instrumen yang digunakan terlebih dahulu telah divalidasi oleh validator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil kelas control dengan rata-rata pretest yakni 68,90,posttest yakni 72,65, sedangkan kelas eksperimen pretest yakni 71,40, sedangkan posttest yakni 79,45. Hubungan antara POE dan HOTS signifikan dan positif sebesar 13,892. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dengan program SPSS, diperoleh nilai sig < 0,05 yaitu 0,000 atau 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Motivasi belajar juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan HOTS siswa kelas VIII SMPN 9 Merangin, dengan perolehan nilai sig < 0,05 yaitu 0,001 atau 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Sedangkan hubungan antara keduanya adalah positif dan signifikan sebesar 12,527. Jadi Penggunaan Model POE dan motivasi belajar memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan Kemampuan HOTS siswa VIII SMPN 9 Merangin

Pengembangan Komik Biologi Pada Materi Pteridophyta Untuk Siswa SMA: (Development of Biological Comics on Pteridophyta Material for High School Students)

This research is the background of the problems that occur in school, namely, lack of interest in reading in students, students tend to choose subjects they like and student learning outcomes are still low seen from their KKM scores. The research objective was to develop comics on Pteridophyta material for class X SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh. The research method uses development research with the ADDIE model. The stages include Analysis, Disgn, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Products in the form of comics are needed to attract students' interest in reading. Products are validated by media experts and material experts. Validation by material experts was carried out 3 (three) times, with a final percentage of 80% meaning that the comic was in the valid category with a reasonable conclusion to be produced with revisions according to the suggestions. Meanwhile, the validation by media experts was carried out 2 (two) times by obtaining a percentage of 88%, meaning that the comic was in the very valid category with the conclusion that it was feasible to be produced with revisions according to the suggestions. The comic on Pteridophyta material for high school class X students obtained practical feasibility in the very good category. Practical feasibility was obtained from teachers and students in group trials. Eligibility of the teacher with a percentage of 88.24%, small group trials with a percentage of 85.33%, trials of two large groups with a percentage of 84.67% and 84.08% respectively. From the two large group trials, an agreement was obtained that strong and significant enough regarding the feasibility of comics on Pteridophyta material for class X high school students. Thus, the development carried out on products in the form of comics on Pteridophyta material can be produced and used in Biology learning in class X. Abstrak. Penelitian ini melatar belakangi masalah yang terjadi disekolah diantaranya yaitu, Kurangnya minat baca pada siswa, siswa cenderung memilih mata pelajaran yang disukai dan hasil belajaar siswa yang masih rendah dilihat dari nilai KKM-nya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengembangkan komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Tahapan meliputi Analys, Disgn, Development, Implementation dan Evaluation. Produk berupa komik dibutuhkan untuk menarik minat baca siswa. Produk di validasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Validasi  oleh  ahli  materi dilakukan  sebanyak  3  (tiga) kali,  dengan memperoleh  persentase akhir  80% artinya  komik  berada  dalam kategori valid dengan kesimpulan layak  untuk  diproduksi  dengan  revisi sesuai  saran. Sedangkan  validasi  oleh  ahli  media dilakukan  2  (dua)  kali dengan memperoleh  persentase 88%,  artinya  komik  berada dalam kategori sangat valid dengan kesimpulan layak untuk diproduksi dengan revisi sesuai saran. Komik pada  materi Pteridophyta  untuk  siswa  SMA  kelas X memperoleh kelayakan  secara  praktis dengan  kategori  sangat  baik. Kelayakan  praktis  diperoleh dari guru  dan siswa  pada  uji coba  kelompok. Kelayakan  dari guru dengan  persentase sebesar  88,24%, ujicoba  kelompok kecil dengan persentase 85,33%, uji coba dua kelompok besar dengan masing-masing  persentase 84,67%  dan  84,08%.Dari  uji coba  dua  kelompok  besar didapat kesepakatan  yang  cukup  kuat dan  signifikan  mengenai  kelayakan komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X. Dengan demikian, pengembangan yang dilakukan pada produk berupa komik pada materi Pteridophyta dapat diproduksi dan digunakan dalam pembelajaran Biologi pada kelas  X