Analysis of Temperature Uniformity During Heat Treatment of Nb3_{3}Sn Coils for the High-Luminosity LHC Superconducting Magnets

The High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN comprises the implementation of a new generation of high-field superconducting quadrupole and dipole magnets. The dipole fields of up to 12.1 T at nominal current require the use of high-critical-current Nb_3Sn strand for the fabrication of the coils. These coils will be up to 8 m long and represent the longest Nb_3Sn coils so far fabricated for operation accelerator magnets. This brittle A15 phase material requires coil winding prior formation of the superconducting material. The development program at CERN includes the construction of 2-m-long models and full-length prototypes by the wind-and-react technique. The process time and temperature uniformity are stringent during heat treatment and performed inside an EN 1.4841 (AISI Type 314) stainless-steel retort furnace with turbulent flow of Ar atmosphere. During the process, the coil is supported inside a reaction fixture made from 316LN. This paper presents temperature uniformity measurements and results from numerical simulations. The goal is to further improve the heat transfer in combination with turbulent flow generated by a ventilation system. This allows optimizing control parameters for improved heat performance during both the ramping and the dwell time

The CompactLight Design Study

CompactLight is a Design Study funded by the European Union under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation funding programme, with Grant Agreement No. 777431. CompactLight was conducted by an International Collaboration of 23 international laboratories and academic institutions, three private companies, and five third parties. The project, which started in January 2018 with a duration of 48 months, aimed to design an innovative, compact, and cost-effective hard X-ray FEL facility complemented by a soft X-ray source to pave the road for future compact accelerator-based facilities. The result is an accelerator that can be operated at up to 1 kHz pulse repetition rate, beyond today’s state of the art, using the latest concepts for high brightness electron photoinjectors, very high gradient accelerating structures in X-band, and novel short-period undulators. In this report, we summarize the main deliverable of the project: the CompactLight Conceptual Design Report, which overviews the current status of the design and addresses the main technological challenges

The CompactLight Design Study

CompactLight is a Design Study funded by the European Union under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation funding programme, with Grant Agreement No. 777431. CompactLight was conducted by an International Collaboration of 23 international laboratories and academic institutions, three private companies, and five third parties. The project, which started in January 2018 with a duration of 48 months, aimed to design an innovative, compact, and cost-effective hard X-ray FEL facility complemented by a soft X-ray source to pave the road for future compact accelerator-based facilities. The result is an accelerator that can be operated at up to 1 kHz pulse repetition rate, beyond today’s state of the art, using the latest concepts for high brightness electron photoinjectors, very high gradient accelerating structures in X-band, and novel short-period undulators. In this report, we summarize the main deliverable of the project: the CompactLight Conceptual Design Report, which overviews the current status of the design and addresses the main technological challenges

The CompactLight Design Study

International audienceCompactLight is a Design Study funded by the European Union under theHorizon 2020 research and innovation funding programme, with Grant Agreement No. 777431.CompactLight was conducted by an International Collaboration of 23 internationallaboratories and academic institutions, three private companies, and five third parties.The project, which started in January 2018 with a duration of 48 months, aimed to designan innovative, compact, and cost-effective hard X-ray FEL facility complemented by asoft X-ray source to pave the road for future compact accelerator-based facilities. Theresult is an accelerator that can be operated at up to 1 kHz pulse repetition rate,beyond today’s state of the art, using the latest concepts for high brightness electronphotoinjectors, very high gradient accelerating structures in X-band, and novelshort-period undulators. In this report, we summarize the main deliverable of theproject: the CompactLight Conceptual Design Report, which overviews the current statusof the design and addresses the main technological challenges

The CompactLight Design Study

CompactLight is a Design Study funded by the European Union under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation funding programme, with Grant Agreement No. 777431. CompactLight was conducted by an International Collaboration of 23 international laboratories and academic institutions, three private companies, and five third parties. The project, which started in January 2018 with a duration of 48 months, aimed to design an innovative, compact, and cost-effective hard X-ray FEL facility complemented by a soft X-ray source to pave the road for future compact accelerator-based facilities. The result is an accelerator that can be operated at up to 1 kHz pulse repetition rate, beyond today’s state of the art, using the latest concepts for high brightness electron photoinjectors, very high gradient accelerating structures in X-band, and novel short-period undulators. In this report, we summarize the main deliverable of the project: the CompactLight Conceptual Design Report, which overviews the current status of the design and addresses the main technological challenges

The CompactLight Design Study

CompactLight is a Design Study funded by the European Union under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation funding programme, with Grant Agreement No. 777431. CompactLight was conducted by an International Collaboration of 23 international laboratories and academic institutions, three private companies, and five third parties. The project, which started in January 2018 with a duration of 48 months, aimed to design an innovative, compact, and cost-effective hard X-ray FEL facility complemented by a soft X-ray source to pave the road for future compact accelerator-based facilities. The result is an accelerator that can be operated at up to 1 kHz pulse repetition rate, beyond today’s state of the art, using the latest concepts for high brightness electron photoinjectors, very high gradient accelerating structures in X-band, and novel short-period undulators. In this report, we summarize the main deliverable of the project: the CompactLight Conceptual Design Report, which overviews the current status of the design and addresses the main technological challenges