Mejoramiento de la educación médica en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo

La Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, después de un proceso de autoevaluación en 1994-95, realizó un cambio curricular muy importante en su carrera de medicina, que se inició en el ciclo lectivo 1997. Los principios que guiaron el nuevo diseño curricular fueron: Enfoque científico-antropológico-social, Integración, Significación, Flexibilización, Protagonismo en el aprendizaje y Evaluación continua. El curriculum incluye: Cursos Biomédicos intensivos, integrados por varias disciplinas y trabajado con la metodología de Aprendizaje Basado Sobre Problemas; Cursos Longitudinales de formación humanística; Rotaciones Clínicas intensivas y un año de Práctica Final Obligatoria en internación, atención ambulatoria y emergencias.Fil: Reta de de Rosas, A. M.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médica

“Mejoramiento de la educación médica en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo”

La Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, después de un proceso de autoevaluación en 1994-95, realizó un cambio curricular muy importante en su carrera de medicina, que se inició en el ciclo lectivo 1997. Los principios que guiaron el nuevo diseño curricular fueron: Enfoque científico-antropológico-social, Integración, Significación, Flexibilización, Protagonismo en el aprendizaje y Evaluación continua. El curriculum incluye: Cursos Biomédicos intensivos, integrados por varias disciplinas y trabajado con la metodología de Aprendizaje Basado Sobre Problemas; Cursos Longitudinales de formación humanística; Rotaciones Clínicas intensivas y un año de Práctica Final Obligatoria en internación, atención ambulatoria y emergencias. La mayor parte del tiempo de clases se trabaja en grupos pequeños de alumnos y hasta en una relación docente/alumno = 1/1, sin haber aumentado la planta de personal docente. El Plan de Estudios incluye dos Pruebas Globales: una al finalizar el ciclo básico de tres años –sin aprobar la cual, el alumno no puede ingresar al ciclo clínico- y otra al finalizar el ciclo clínico, cuya aprobación es indispensable para obtener el diploma. El rendimiento de los alumnos en el nuevo curriculum es superior (diferencias altamente significativas) al que se observaba en el tradicional, dado que un muy alto porcentaje de alumnos comienza cada año de la carrera habiendo aprobado todas las asignaturas del año anterior. En marzo de 2003 han recibido su diploma de Médico los primeros 46 egresados del nuevo Plan de Estudios (37,40 % de los ingresantes en 1997). De los restantes, el 28,45 % rendirán la Prueba Global final el próximo octubre, cuando sumarán un 65,85 % los estudiantes graduados durante el año siguiente a la finalización teórica de la carrera. Estas cifras reducen el desgranamiento de la cohorte a un 34,15 % y mejoran por amplio margen las cifras de duración real de la carrera, desgranamiento y deserción, obtenidas durante la autoevaluación de 1994-95. Por otra parte, las Pruebas Globales son instancias integradoras, que evalúan las estructuras de conocimiento, trabajadas en redes, a través de la necesidad de recuperar la información y aplicarla a la solución de casos clínicos complejos. Además, la Prueba Global de Ciclo Clínico incluye una instancia oral estructurada con pacientes estandarizados, que evalúa las habilidades clínicas, actitudes y destrezas de los alumnos. De modo que estas pruebas son, además, garantía de calidad de los futuros médicos

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RYE CULTIVATED IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important crop in Europe, where it occupies about 90% of the world's area cultivated with this cereal (FAOSTAT, 2018), mainly in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The main research highlights the mechanisms of adaptation of rye culture to climate change, aimed at identifying genotypes that have a good behavior in culture under conditions of abiotic (thermohydric) and biotic stress (pathogens and pests) in order of restoring the production capacity and protection of agroecosystems in the area of sandy soils by promoting in culture some genotypes tolerant to thermohydric stress. In the two experimented years of 2020 and 2021 the obtained results prove the new genotypes promoted on the market had a higher capacity of production than the Control (Suceveana variety), with an average yield of over 4555 kg/ha registered at Serafino genotype in the conditions of a sandy soil with a low natural fertility, poorly supplied with total nitrogen (0.05-0.07%). In average, during the tested years, the attack frequencies of pests manifested in the comparative rye culture, as well as the attack intensities did not show significant differences from one variety to another, significant differences compared to the control variety (Suceveana) being observed only in the case of Serafino variety.

AntVideoRecord: Autonomous system to capture the locomotor activity of leafcutter ants

The leafcutter ants (LCA) are considered plague in a great part of the American continent, causing great damage in production fields. Knowing the locomotion and foraging rhythm in LCA on a continuous basis would imply a significant advance for ecological studies, fundamentally of animal behavior. However, studying the forage rhythm of LCA in the field involves a significant human effort. This also adds a risk of subjective results due to the operator fatigue. In this work a new development named ‘AntVideoRecord’ is proposed to address this issue. This device is a low-cost autonomous system that records videos of the LCA path in a fixed position. The device can be easily reproduced using the freely accessible source code provided. The evaluation of this novel device was successful because it has exceeded all the basic requirements in the field: record continuously for at least seven days, withstand high and low temperatures, capture acceptable videos during the day and night, and have a simple configuration protocol by mobile devices and laptops. It was possible to confirm the correct operation of the device, being able to record more than 1900 h in the field at different climate conditions and times of the day. 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CCANII: FMV 15605

Uncovering hidden flows in physical networks

Chengwei Wang is supported by a studentship funded by the College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen.Peer reviewedPostprintPostprin

Realidad educativa en Mendoza: violencia y consumo en adolescentes insertos en escuelas y universidades.

La adolescencia implica sujetos en proceso de desarrollo. En dicho proceso, los adultos  son referentes necesarios: cumplen  funciones de protección, amparo,  guía, y orden. Los adultos de hoy tienen dificultades para ejercer la autoridad. Los sujetos que disponen de referentes adecuados tienen mayores posibilidades de resolver las situaciones que se les presentan sin caer en actos de violencia y consumo desubjetivante

Therapeutic efficacy of Chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax infection in Shewa Robit, Northeast Ethiopia

Background The development of drug resistance to chloroquine is posing a challenge in the prevention and control efforts of malaria globally. Chloroquine is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated P.vivax in Ethiopia. Regular monitoring of anti-malarial drugs is recommended to help early detection of drug-resistant strains of malaria parasites before widely distributed. The emergence of P.vivax resistance to chloroquine in the country endangers the efficacy of P. vivax treatment. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine among uncomplicated P.vivax infections at Shewa Robit Health Center, northeast Ethiopia. Methods One-arm in vivo prospective chloroquine efficacy study was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021. Ninety participants aged between 16 months to 60 years confirmed with P.vivax mono-infection microscopically were selected and treated with a 25 mg/kg standard dose of chloroquine over three days. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared and examined. Clinical examination was performed over 28 follow-up days. Hemoglobin concentration level was measured on days 0, 14, and 28. Result Of the 90 enrolled participants, 86 (96%) completed their 28 days follow-up period. The overall cure rate of the drug was 98.8% (95% CI: 95.3-100%). All asexual stages and gametocytes were cleared within 48 hours with rapid clearance of fever. Hemoglobin concentration had significantly recovered between days 0 and 14, 0 and 28, and 14 and 28 days (P = 0.032, P<0.001, and P = 0.005), respectively. Fast resolution of clinical signs and symptoms was also observed. Severe adverse events were not recorded. Conclusion The present study revealed that chloroquine remains an efficacious and safe drug in the study setting for treating uncomplicated P.vivax in the study area. Large-scale continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the development of resistance in due time

Khat and alcohol use and risky sex behaviour among in-school and out-of-school youth in Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Khat (an evergreen plant with amphetamine-like properties) and alcohol are widely consumed among the youth of Ethiopia. However, their relationship to risky sexual behaviour is not well described. This study was conducted to describe the magnitude of risky sexual behaviour (unprotected sex and early initiation of sexual activity) and its association with Khat and alcohol consumption in Ethiopian youths. METHODS: A probabilistic national sample of 20,434 in-school and out-of-school youths aged between 15 and 24 years of age was selected and interviewed regarding their sexual behavior and substance use. RESULTS: Over 20% of out-of-school youth had unprotected sex during the 12-month period prior to interview compared to 1.4% of in-school youth. Daily Khat intake was also associated with unprotected sex: adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.26 (1.92, 2.67). There was a significant and linear association between alcohol intake and unprotected sex, with those using alcohol daily having a three fold increased odds compared to those not using it: adj. OR (95% CI) = 3.05 (2.38, 3.91). Use of substances other than Khat was not associated with unprotected sex, but was associated with initiation of sexual activity: adj. OR (95% CI) = 2.54 (1.84, 3.51). CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of out-of-school youth engage in risky sex. The use of Khat and alcohol and other substances is significantly and independently associated with risky sexual behaviour among Ethiopian youths

Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning

Recent evidence suggests that, in some foci, elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa may be feasible with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. To achieve continental elimination of transmission, mapping surveys will need to be conducted across all implementation units (IUs) for which endemicity status is currently unknown. Using boosted regression tree models with optimised hyperparameter selection, we estimated environmental suitability for onchocerciasis at the 5 × 5-km resolution across Africa. In order to classify IUs that include locations that are environmentally suitable, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify an optimal threshold for suitability concordant with locations where onchocerciasis has been previously detected. This threshold value was then used to classify IUs (more suitable or less suitable) based on the location within the IU with the largest mean prediction. Mean estimates of environmental suitability suggest large areas across West and Central Africa, as well as focal areas of East Africa, are suitable for onchocerciasis transmission, consistent with the presence of current control and elimination of transmission efforts. The ROC analysis identified a mean environmental suitability index of 0.71 as a threshold to classify based on the location with the largest mean prediction within the IU. Of the IUs considered for mapping surveys, 50.2% exceed this threshold for suitability in at least one 5×5-km location. The formidable scale of data collection required to map onchocerciasis endemicity across the African continent presents an opportunity to use spatial data to identify areas likely to be suitable for onchocerciasis transmission. National onchocerciasis elimination programmes may wish to consider prioritising these IUs for mapping surveys as human resources, laboratory capacity, and programmatic schedules may constrain survey implementation, and possibly delaying MDA initiation in areas that would ultimately qualify