Electron scattering and bremsstrahlung cross- section measurements

Electron transmission measurements for aluminum and gold, and backscattering measurements on targets of iron, tin, aluminum, and gol

Electron bremsstrahlung produced in thick targets at incident electron energies of 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.8 MeV, part 3

Electron bremsstrahlung produced in thick targets at incident electron energies of 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.8 Me

Comparisons of experimental and calculated electron transmission and bremsstrahlung spectra for electron energies below 3.0 MeV Final report, 12 Mar. 1969 - 12 Mar. 1970

Monte Carlo program for comparing thick-target bremsstrahlung and electron diffusion spectr

Measurement of electron scattering in aluminum at 1.0 MeV for non-normal incidence, part 1

Electron scattering in aluminum and gold targets at 1.0 MeV for non-normal incidenc

Electron interaction in matter

Data on the scattering of 1-MeV electrons in aluminum for the case of non-normal incidence, electron-bremsstrahlung cross-sections in thin targets, and the production of bremstrahlung by electron interaction in thick targets, are presented both in tabular and graphic form. These results may interest physicists and radiologists

Investigation of electron interaction in matter Final report, 9 Feb. 1967 - 9 Feb. 1968

Electron interaction in matter - electron scattering, electron-bremsstrahlung cross sections and electron bremsstrahlung production in targets at various incident energie

Electron bremsstrahlung cross section measurements at incident electron energies of 0.2, 1.0, 1.7, and 2.5 MeV, part 2

Electron-bremsstrahlung cross section measurements at incident energies of 0.2, 1.0, 1.7, and 2.5 Me

Investigations of electron interactions with matter. Part 1 - Bremsstrahlung production in aluminum and iron. Part 2 - Electron scattering in aluminum

Bremsstrahlung production in aluminum and iron - electron scattering in aluminu

A Network-Based Multi-Target Computational Estimation Scheme for Anticoagulant Activities of Compounds

BACKGROUND: Traditional virtual screening method pays more attention on predicted binding affinity between drug molecule and target related to a certain disease instead of phenotypic data of drug molecule against disease system, as is often less effective on discovery of the drug which is used to treat many types of complex diseases. Virtual screening against a complex disease by general network estimation has become feasible with the development of network biology and system biology. More effective methods of computational estimation for the whole efficacy of a compound in a complex disease system are needed, given the distinct weightiness of the different target in a biological process and the standpoint that partial inhibition of several targets can be more efficient than the complete inhibition of a single target. METHODOLOGY: We developed a novel approach by integrating the affinity predictions from multi-target docking studies with biological network efficiency analysis to estimate the anticoagulant activities of compounds. From results of network efficiency calculation for human clotting cascade, factor Xa and thrombin were identified as the two most fragile enzymes, while the catalytic reaction mediated by complex IXa:VIIIa and the formation of the complex VIIIa:IXa were recognized as the two most fragile biological matter in the human clotting cascade system. Furthermore, the method which combined network efficiency with molecular docking scores was applied to estimate the anticoagulant activities of a serial of argatroban intermediates and eight natural products respectively. The better correlation (r = 0.671) between the experimental data and the decrease of the network deficiency suggests that the approach could be a promising computational systems biology tool to aid identification of anticoagulant activities of compounds in drug discovery. CONCLUSIONS: This article proposes a network-based multi-target computational estimation method for anticoagulant activities of compounds by combining network efficiency analysis with scoring function from molecular docking

Indentation Hardness Measurements at Macro-, Micro-, and Nanoscale: A Critical Overview

The Brinell, Vickers, Meyer, Rockwell, Shore, IHRD, Knoop, Buchholz, and nanoindentation methods used to measure the indentation hardness of materials at different scales are compared, and main issues and misconceptions in the understanding of these methods are comprehensively reviewed and discussed. Basic equations and parameters employed to calculate hardness are clearly explained, and the different international standards for each method are summarized. The limits for each scale are explored, and the different forms to calculate hardness in each method are compared and established. The influence of elasticity and plasticity of the material in each measurement method is reviewed, and the impact of the surface deformation around the indenter on hardness values is examined. The difficulties for practical conversions of hardness values measured by different methods are explained. Finally, main issues in the hardness interpretation at different scales are carefully discussed, like the influence of grain size in polycrystalline materials, indentation size effects at micro-and nanoscale, and the effect of the substrate when calculating thin films hardness. The paper improves the understanding of what hardness means and what hardness measurements imply at different scales.Funding Agencies|Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University ((Faculty Grant SFO Mat LiU) [2009 00971]</p