Can leadership make the difference?:A scoping review of leadership and its effects in child and youth care

Child and youth care (CYC) is operating in an unpredictable environment, making leadership in CYC a challenge. Leaders of CYC operate under public and political pressure to reform failed systems, compete for scarce resources, obtain and sustain a highly skilled workforce, and achieve organizational goals and tasks within a complex network. Although many studies underline the importance of leadership in CYC, there is no clear demarcation of the concept of leadership and its associated effects. By conducting a scoping review of the literature, this study aims to improve a conceptual understanding of leadership and provide insight into the influence of leadership on service delivery in CYC. The results show that the majority of the studies within the scope did not use clear definitions of leadership and did not specify the type or level of leadership. Despite this lack of clarity, most studies do discuss the positive effects of leadership behaviors. Leadership behaviors are primarily associated with positive effects on employee commitment and well-being; i.e. creating and communicating a vision, providing trust, safety and respect, inspire, motivate, stimulate and having a cooperative attitude. These leadership behaviors are not exclusively linked to a specific level of leadership and seem effective at all levels. However, the results also show that support from the top of the organization, noticeable in behavior, is a prerequisite for the other layers of management in the organization to be effective. The lack of clarity about type or level of leadership to which the conclusions apply, makes it difficult to develop and recommend targeted leadership interventions. Therefore, future studies should provide a clear definition of leadership, including job title, job content and leadership level. Our findings suggest that these leadership behaviors, can help CYC professionals navigate through their unpredictable environment and improve the quality of care.</p

A Framework of Islamic Architecture: An Architectural Reviews of Four Studies

This study attempts to expand the critical indicators of Islamic architecture from four objects by different scholars. Those four objects give various aspects in terms of location and function in Islamic architecture. The first object is a lesson learned from the Prophet Mosque as the prototype of an urban element introduced by the Prophet and an Islamic architecture object outright. The second object is the Arabs’ houses, where Islamic civilization grew and became a learned lesson object of housing. The third object is a traditional Islamic settlement in Central Java, Majasto, with a dynamic interaction between the cemetery, Mosque, and settlement. The last object is a study on Muslim houses in Australia, on how they deal with and adapt their house to Muslim needs. From those four object studies, it generates four main points in Islamic architecture, encompassing design fosters faith, promoting green building, social connectedness, and maintaining privacy. The study is expected to contribute to existing knowledge of Islamic architecture by providing various object studies as the framework

The Spatial Visibility within the Low-income Housing Living Unit

The quality of housing for the low-income group in Malaysia, especially in Kuala Lumpur, is crucial to improving. Low-income housing design subject to standards by the government has not been satisfactory to the inhabitants' comfort, social and cultural needs. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the quality of space design of the low-income housing living unit by assessing the visibility of each of the spaces in the units using space syntax as an analytical tool. The study found that the low-income housing design has not considered the visual privacy of private spaces (bedrooms) to common spaces (living and dining area). Keywords: Living Units, Low-income Housing, Space Visibility, Space Syntax. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.326

To determine the incidence of post-operative deep vein thrombosis in general surgical patients of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Apparent rarity of post-operative DVT and pulmonary embolism in Asian patients was first reported since 1964. Very few literature and clinical studies were done for post-operative DVT in Asian population as well as in Malaysia.Compared to the Western hemisphere,low incidence 2.6% to 15.3% was reported from Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysian studies.Conflicting results of high incidence in orthopaedic patients was reported in two other Asian studies from Hong Kong and Malaysia.To find out the incidence of post-operative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in our general surgical patients after major surgical procedures.To find out the subgroups of patients at special risk to post-operative DVT.To reviewthe policy of withholding routine DVT prophylaxis in Malaysian patients

Smart Daylighting Strategies for Architectural Studios: Evaluating Louvre Angles and Time Effects Through Revit Simulations

This study explores the effectiveness of louvre windows in optimizing daylighting within an architectural studio using Revit simulations. The aim was to enhance natural light distribution, minimize glare, and control heat gain to improve comfort and productivity. Simulations were conducted for a 48 m² west-facing studio, testing louvre angles (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°) at different times of day (7:00 AM, 11:00 AM, 1:00 PM, and 4:00 PM). Results indicate that flatter angles (0° and 15°) maximize early morning daylight but increase glare, while steeper angles (30° and 45°) reduce glare but limit illuminance. At midday, moderate angles (15° and 30°) strike a balance between glare control and daylight distribution. In the afternoon, steeper angles (30° and 45°) effectively manage glare while maintaining adequate daylight. The study underscores the trade-off between illuminance and glare control, essential for visual comfort in studios. Optimized daylighting reduces reliance on artificial lighting, promoting energy efficiency and climate change mitigation. However, limitations such as static simulations and lack of real-world validation highlight the need for further research to confirm findings and explore advanced daylighting strategies

Comparative studies on the pathogenicity and tissue distribution of three virulence variants of classical swine fever virus, two field isolates and one vaccine strain, with special regard to immunohistochemical investigations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to compare the tissue distribution and pathogenicity of three virulence variants of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and to investigate the applicability of various conventional diagnostic procedures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>64 pigs were divided into three groups and infected with the highly virulent isolate ISS/60, the moderately virulent isolate Wingene'93 and the live attenuated vaccine strain Riems, respectively. Clinical signs, gross and histopathological changes were compared in relation to time elapsed post infection. Virus spread in various organs was followed by virus isolation, by immunohistochemistry, applying monoclonal antibodies in a two-step method and by <it>in situ </it>hybridisation using a digoxigenin-labelled riboprobe.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The tissue distribution data are discussed in details, analyzing the results of the various diagnostic approaches. The comparative studies revealed remarkable differences in the onset of clinical signs as well as in the development of the macro- and microscopical changes, and in the tissue distribution of CSFV in the three experimental groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study demonstrates that in the case of highly and moderately virulent virus variants the virulence does not affect the pattern of the viral spread, however, it influences the outcome, the duration and the intensity of the disease. Immunohistochemistry has the advantage to allow the rapid detection and localisation of the virus, especially in cases of early infection, when clinical signs are still absent. Compared to virus isolation, the advantage of this method is that no cell culture facilities are required. Thus, immunohistochemistry provides simple and sensitive tools for the prompt detection of newly emerging variants of CSFV, including the viruses of very mild virulence.</p

Environmental impacts assessment on construction sites

Since construction is considered as one of the main sources of environmental pollution in the world, the level of knowledge and awareness of project participants, especially project managers, with regards to environmental impacts of construction processes needs to be enhanced. This paper aims to assess the most common environmental impacts due to the construction process in Malaysia. To achieve this aim, a structured interview was conducted with an expert panel group in Malaysia. Experts were invited to identify the frequency and severity of environmental impacts caused by construction processes in residential buildings. It was found that 'Transportation Resource', 'Noise Pollution', and 'Dust Generation with Construction Machinery' are the greatest environmental impacts in Malaysia respectively. The results of this study are useful for construction managers and other participants in construction sites to become aware of construction processes impacts on the environment