131 research outputs found
Genotypes and phenotypes for apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease in the Honolulu-Asia aging study
BACKGROUND: The utility of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) type as an indicator of
genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer disease (AD) depends on the
reliability of typing. Although ApoE protein isoform phenotyping is
generally assumed equivalent to genotyping from DNA, phenotype-genotype
differences have been reported. METHODS: ApoE genotype and phenotype
results were examined for 3564 older (ages 71-93 years) Japanese-American
male participants of the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, an ongoing
population-based study of aging and dementia. RESULTS: Both methods
demonstrated similar associations of ApoE type with AD: a direct
association with ApoE4 and a less dramatic inverse association ApoE2.
Advanced age did not appear to influence the ApoE4-AD association. The
association with AD among ApoE4 homozygotes [odds ratio (OR) = 14.7] was
higher than expected based on an observed OR of 2.0 in heterozygotes.
Phenotype-genotype nonconcordance was more frequent for ApoE2 than for
ApoE4. The ApoE2 phenotype occurred at a frequency of 7.9% vs a genotype
frequency of 4.9%, corresponding to a probability of 56% that an
individual with ApoE2 phenotype had the same genotype. CONCLUSIONS:
Whereas E4 and E2 phenotypes and genotypes were comparably associated with
AD, neither method would be expected to substantially improve the
efficiency of case finding in the context of population screening beyond
prediction based on age and education. Nonconcordance of phenotype and
genotype was substantial for E2 and modest for E4 in this population. The
ApoE4-AD association was independent of age
NuRD and CAF-1-mediated silencing of the D4Z4 array is modulated by DUX4-induced MBD3L proteins
Functional Genomics of Muscle, Nerve and Brain Disorder
Continuity theorems for the queueing system
In this paper continuity theorems are established for the number of losses
during a busy period of the queue. We consider an queueing
system where the service time probability distribution, slightly different in a
certain sense from the exponential distribution, is approximated by that
exponential distribution. Continuity theorems are obtained in the form of one
or two-sided stochastic inequalities. The paper shows how the bounds of these
inequalities are changed if further assumptions, associated with specific
properties of the service time distribution (precisely described in the paper),
are made. Specifically, some parametric families of service time distributions
are discussed, and the paper establishes uniform estimates (given for all
possible values of the parameter) and local estimates (where the parameter is
fixed and takes only the given value). The analysis of the paper is based on
the level crossing approach and some characterization properties of the
exponential distribution.Comment: Final revision; will be published as i
Particulate air pollutants, APOE alleles and their contributions to cognitive impairment in older women and to amyloidogenesis in experimental models
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air and its interactions with APOE alleles may contribute to the acceleration of brain aging and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurodegenerative effects of particulate air pollutants were examined in a US-wide cohort of older women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and in experimental mouse models. Residing in places with fine PM exceeding EPA standards increased the risks for global cognitive decline and all-cause dementia respectively by 81 and 92%, with stronger adverse effects in APOE É4/4 carriers. Female EFAD transgenic mice (5xFAD+/â/human APOE É3 or É4+/+) with 225 h exposure to urban nanosized PM (nPM) over 15 weeks showed increased cerebral ÎČ-amyloid by thioflavin S for fibrillary amyloid and by immunocytochemistry for AÎČ deposits, both exacerbated by APOE É4. Moreover, nPM exposure increased AÎČ oligomers, caused selective atrophy of hippocampal CA1 neurites, and decreased the glutamate GluR1 subunit. Wildtype C57BL/6 female mice also showed nPM-induced CA1 atrophy and GluR1 decrease. In vitro nPM exposure of neuroblastoma cells (N2a-APP/swe) increased the pro-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). We suggest that airborne PM exposure promotes pathological brain aging in older women, with potentially a greater impact in É4 carriers. The underlying mechanisms may involve increased cerebral AÎČ production and selective changes in hippocampal CA1 neurons and glutamate receptor subunits
Associations Between Air Pollution Exposure and Empirically Derived Profiles of Cognitive Performance in Older Women
Background:Elucidating associations between exposures to ambient air pollutants and profiles of cognitive performance may provide insight into neurotoxic effects on the aging brain. Objective:We examined associations between empirically derived profiles of cognitive performance and residential concentrations of particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter \u3câ2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in older women. Method:Women (Nâ=â2,142) from the Womenâs Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging completed a neuropsychological assessment measuring attention, visuospatial, language, and episodic memory abilities. Average yearly concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 were estimated at the participantâs addresses for the 3 years prior to the assessment. Latent profile structural equation models identified subgroups of women exhibiting similar profiles across tests. Multinomial regressions examined associations between exposures and latent profile classification, controlling for covariates. Result:Five latent profiles were identified: low performance across multiple domains (poor multi-domain; nâ=â282;13%), relatively poor verbal episodic memory (poor memory; nâ=â216; 10%), average performance across all domains (average multi-domain; nâ=â974; 45%), superior memory (nâ=â381; 18%), and superior attention (nâ=â332; 15%). Using women with average cognitive ability as the referent, higher PM2.5 (per interquartile range [IQR]â=â3.64ÎŒg/m3) was associated with greater odds of being classified in the poor memory (ORâ=â1.29; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]â=â1.10â1.52) or superior attention (ORâ=â1.30; 95% CIâ=â1.10â1.53) profiles. NO2 (per IQRâ=â9.86âppb) was associated with higher odds of being classified in the poor memory (ORâ=â1.38; 95% CIâ=â1.17â1.63) and lower odds of being classified with superior memory (ORâ=â0.81; 95% CIâ=â0.67â0.97). Conclusion:Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with patterns of cognitive performance characterized by worse verbal episodic memory relative to performance in other domains
Dynamic Scaling and Two-Dimensional High-Tc Superconductors
There has been ongoing debate over the critical behavior of two-dimensional
superconductors; in particular for high Tc superconductors. The conventional
view is that a Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii transition occurs as long as
finite size effects do not obscure the transition. However, there have been
recent suggestions that a different transition actually occurs which
incorporates aspects of both the dynamic scaling theory of Fisher, Fisher, and
Huse and the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii transition. Of general interest is
that this modified transition apparently has a universal dynamic critical
exponent. Some have countered that this apparent universal behavior is rooted
in a newly proposed finite-size scaling theory; one that also incorporates
scaling and conventional two-dimensional theory. To investigate these issues we
study DC voltage versus current data of a 12 angstrom thick YBCO film. We find
that the newly proposed scaling theories have intrinsic flexibility that is
relevant to the analysis of the experiments. In particular, the data scale
according to the modified transition for arbitrarily defined critical
temperatures between 0 K and 19.5 K, and the temperature range of a successful
scaling collapse is related directly to the sensitivity of the measurement.
This implies that the apparent universal exponent is due to the intrinsic
flexibility rather than some real physical property. To address this intrinsic
flexibility, we propose a criterion which would give conclusive evidence for
phase transitions in two-dimensional superconductors. We conclude by reviewing
results to see if our criterion is satisfied.Comment: 14 page
Qualidade de Vida e Atitudes dos Idosos Face Ă Velhice
A problemĂĄtica do envelhecimento tem assumido, nos Ășltimos anos, uma
crescente importĂąncia na consciĂȘncia coletiva da população, tornando-se cada vez mais importante compreender a população idosa e a sua realidade.
Posto isto, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo e correlacional, que teve como
objectivo avaliar a qualidade de vida e atitudes face Ă velhice de idosos, bem como a
relação entre estas e as variåveis sociodemogråficas e familiares.
Foram inquiridos 100 idosos, com mais de 65 anos e sem deficit cognitivo . Para
a recolha de dados utilizou-se uma entrevista estruturada, constituĂda dados
sĂłciodemogrĂĄficos do idoso, WHOQOL-AGE (Caballero, Miret, Power, Chatterji,
Tobiasz-Adamczyk, Koskinen, Leonardi, Olaya, Haro &Ayuso-Mateos, 2013) e o AAQ
( Laidlaw, Power, Schmidt and the WHOQOL-OLD Group, 2007).
Dos resultados destacamos os seguintes: A amostra Ă© constituĂda por 52% de
idosos do sexo masculino tendo uma média de idades de 74,7 (DP=6,8). à no fator
Perdas Psicossociais e no Desenvolvimento PsicolĂłgico que os idosos tĂȘm uma melhor
atitude face ao envelhecimento. Ă no item âTem dinheiro suficiente para satisfazer as
suas necessidades?â que os idosos apresentam uma menor qualidade de vida.
Não ter doença diagnosticada e ser do sexo masculino permitem ter melhores
atitudes face ao envelhecimento.
A Qualidade de Vida estĂĄ relacionada com a idade, com o estado de saĂșde e com
a intensidade de preocupação da famĂlia. Constatou-se que os idosos que nĂŁo estĂŁo
institucionalizados apresentam uma melhor qualidade de vida e uma melhor atitude face à velhice. Quem não precisa de ajudas técnicas para se movimentar apresenta uma melhor qualidade de vida.
Diferenças nas atitudes face ao envelhecimento consoante a residĂȘncia onde
habita sĂŁo significativas nas mudanças fĂsicas e no desenvolvimento psicolĂłgico sendo
que os idosos que nĂŁo vivem em lares tĂȘm uma atitude mais positiva em ambos os
fatores. / Over the past few years the issue of aging has played a growing importance in the population`s collective consciousness becoming increasingly important to
understand the elderly population and this reality.
Therefore a quantitative correlational study was performed to assess the quality
of life of seniors and their attitudes towards old age, and the relationship between these
and the socio-demographic and family factors.
100 seniors with more than 65 years and without cognitive deficit were
surveyed. For data collection we used a structured interview consisting of sociodemographic data of the elderly, WHOQOL-AGE (Caballero Miret Power Chatterji
Tobiasz-Adamczyk Koskinen Leonardi Olaya Ayuso-Mateos & Haro 2013) and AAQ
(Laidlaw Power Schmidt and the WHOQOL-OLD Group 2007).
We highlight: The sample is composed of 52% of males with a mean age of 74.7
(SD = 6.8). It is in the factor Psychosocial Losses and Psychological Development that
elderly people have a better attitude towards aging. It is in the item "Do you have
enough money to meet your needs?" that seniors show less quality of life.
Not having illness and being male allows having better attitudes towards aging.
Quality of Life is related to age, health condition and the intensity of family
concerns. It was observed that the elderly who are not institutionalized have a better
quality of life and a better attitude towards old age. Who does not need assistive devices to move around has a better quality of life.
Differences in attitudes towards aging, according to residency, are significant in
physical changes and psychological development, thus verifying that elderly who do not
live in nursing homes have a more positive attitude in both factors
Ambient air pollution and long-term trajectories of episodic memory decline among older women in the whims-echo cohort
BACKGROUND: Episodic memory decline varies by age and underlying neuropathology. Whether ambient air pollution contributes to the heterogeneity of episodic memory decline in older populations remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We estimated associations between air pollution exposures and episodic memory decline according to pollutant, exposure time window, age, and latent class subgroups defined by episodic memory trajectories. METHODS: Participants were from the Womenâs Health Initiative Memory StudyâEpidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes. Older women (n = 2,056; 74â92 years of age) completed annual (2008â2018) episodic memory assessments using the telephone-based California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). We estimated 3-y average fine particulate matter [PM with an aerodynamic diameter of â€2:5 lm (PM2:5)] and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) exposures at baseline and 10 y earlier (recent and remote exposures, respectively), using regionalized national universal kriging. Separate latent class mixed models were used to esti-mate associations between interquartile range increases in exposures and CVLT trajectories in women â€80 and >80 years of age, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Two latent classes were identified for women â€80 years of age (n = 828), âslow-declinersâ {slope = â 0:12=y [95% confidence interval (CI): â0:23, â0:01] and âfast-declinersâ [slope = â 1:79=y (95% CI: â2:08, â1:50)]}. In the slow-decliner class, but not the fast-decliner class, PM2:5 exposures were associated with a greater decline in CVLT scores over time, with a stronger association for recent vs. remote exposures [â0:16=y (95% CI: â2:08, â0:03) per 2:88 lg=m3 and â0:11=y (95% CI: â0:22, 0.01) per 3:27 lg=m3, respectively]. Among women â„80 years of age (n = 1,128), the largest latent class comprised âsteady-declinersâ [slope = â 1:35=y (95% CI: â1:53, â1:17)], whereas the second class, âcognitively resilientâ, had no decline in CVLT on average. PM2:5 was not associated with episodic memory decline in either class. A 6:25-ppb increase in recent NO2 was associated with nonsignificant acceleration of episodic memory decline in the â€80-y-old fast-decliner class [â0:21=y (95% CI: â0:45, 0.04)], and in the >80-y-old cognitively resilient class [â0:10=y (95% CI: â0:24, 0.03)] and steady-decliner class [â0:11=y (95% CI: â0:27, 0.05)]. Associations with recent NO2 exposure in women >80 years of age were stronger and statistically significant when 267 women with incident probable dementia were excluded [e.g., â0:12=y (95% CI: â0:22, â0:02) for the cognitively resilient class]. In contrast with changes in CVLT over time, there were no associations between exposures and CVLT scores during follow-up in any subgroup. DISCUSSION: In a community-dwelling U.S. population of older women, associations between late-life exposure to ambient air pollution and episodic memory decline varied by age-related cognitive trajectories, exposure time windows, and pollutants
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