Ultrasonic seaming of PET, PET/cotton blend, and spectra fabrics

Ultrasonic seaming offers many advantages as an alternative for joining fabrics, such as efficiency, reduced cost, conservation of energy, and recyclability of the product. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasonic weld parameters – weld pressure, weld time, amplitude of vibration, seam design, and material properties – on seam efficiency and stiffness of a seam. This study also compares seam efficiency and stiffness of (a) ultrasonic seam to that of sewn seam and (b) ultrasonic seam from continuous mode of operation to that of plunge mode. Regression and analytical tests were used to analyze the results. Results indicate weld time and pressure have a significant affect on seam efficiency and stiffness, while amplitude influenced seam properties in conjunction with other variables. Seam design did not influence seam efficiency though affected stiffness. Successful seam formation was observed in PET and PET/Cotton. Appreciable seam efficiency was not observed in Spectra due to low range of melt-onset and melt-max temperature and change in fiber morphology. Results indicate no difference in seam efficiency between plunge and continuous mode of operation, while stiffness was higher in plunge mode than continuous mode of operation. Seam efficiency of sewn seam was comparable to an ultrasonic seam though stiffness in ultrasonic seam was higher

Infrared Background and Missiles Signature Survey

The proliferation of the missile threats in the existing threat scenario for airborne platform is a serious point of consideration for any mission planning. Missile warning system is an electronic warfare support system which gives warning to the pilot when a missile is detected in the scenario. The airborne platform has to be installed with missile warning sensors to give a spherical coverage, so that the sensors can detect the IR intensity variation in the ground scenario. This IR intensity variation has to be further analysed to differentiate the raising missile intensity from the varying background clutter. In order to differentiate the threat from the background clutter, the system should have sufficient background data set for online comparison thereby having less false alarm rate. The efficiency and performance of any missile warning system is validated with respect to its probability of declaration against the false alarm rate. Hence, to realize an efficient functioning of missile warning system, building IR background data base and missile signature database are the primary task. This paper details the methodology to be adapted for the building of tactical missile IR signatures and background data.Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(6), pp.611-615, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.576

Non-Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium in Biological Samples Using Pyridoxal Thiosemicarbazone (PTSC)

A very simple, highly selective and non-extractive spectrophotometric method for the trace amounts of palladium(II) has been developed. Pyridoxal thiosemicarbazone (PTSC) has been proposed as a new analytical reagent for the direct non-extractive spectrophotometric determination of palladium (II). The reagent reacts with palladium in acidic medium(pH 2.0, CH3COONa and Con. HCl ) to form a pale yellow coloured 1: 2 (M : L) complex. The reaction is instantaneous and the maximum absorption was obtained at 420 nm and remains stable for 2 hrs. The molar absorptivity and sandell's sensitivity were found to be 1.63 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.635 μg cm-2 respectively. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.9- 10.0 μg/ml of palladium(II). The method is highly selective for palladium and successfully used for determination of palladium in various hydrogenation catalysts

Comparison of AES and DES Algorithms Implemented on Virtex-6 FPGA and Microblaze Soft Core Processor

Encryption algorithms play a dominant role in preventing unauthorized access to important data. This paper focus on the implementations of Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithms on Microblaze soft core Processor and also their implementations on XC6VLX240t FPGA using Verilog Hardware Description language. This paper also gives a comparison of the issues related to the hardware and software implementations of the two cryptographic algorithms

Correlation of doppler studies at 34 weeks of gestation with perinatal outcome in high risk pregnancies

Background: Antepartum detection of the fetus at risk of death or compromise in utero remains a major challenge in modern obstetrics. The waveform analysis of the feto- maternal circulation by Doppler ultrasound has therefore become a quick and a simple way of screening and identifying fetal compromise. The main objective of the study is to evaluate Doppler flow indices as an index for assessing fetal well being in high risk pregnancies and to determine the predictive value of various Doppler parameters with perinatal outcome.Methods: The study was a prospective cohort study were forty pregnant women with a high risk factor (intrauterine growth restriction, pre eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus) and forty pregnant women with no high risk(controls) were selected at 34 weeks of gestation. Both the groups underwent an obstetrical ultrasound with color Doppler examination of bilateral uterine arteries, umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery. Abnormality was serially monitored and pregnancy terminated in the presence of absent, reversal of end diastolic flow in umbilical artery or non-reassuring tests of fetal wellbeing.Results: Uterine artery S/D abnormality was seen in 32.5% of high risk cases were as abnormal umbilical artery S/D was seen in 25% and abnormal Pulsatility Index (PI) in 15% cases. Middle cerebral artery flow was abnormal in only 17.5% cases. Abnormality in the uterine artery flow correlated well with the incidence of preterm delivery (69.2%), need for cesarean section (53.8%) and length of Neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) stay >48 hours (69.23%). Abnormal umbilical artery flow was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of preterm delivery(75%), small for gestational age babies(93.75%) and length of NICU stay >48 hours (93.75%). There was no significant correlation seen with isolated abnormal middle cerebral artery flow.Conclusions: Both uterine and umbilical artery Doppler velocities correlate well with the perinatal outcome but abnormal uterine artery Doppler predicts adverse neonatal outcome better than the fetal vessels as it discriminates fetuses at risk because of abnormal placental vascularisation from those who are at risk due to other causes

Immunization in Periodontics: A Systematic Review

Background: Formulation of a vaccine against pathogenic microorganisms causing periodontal diseases has been under research for a decade. Many in vitro and in vivo studies havebeen made in this regard. The aim of this study is to review all preclinical (i.e. animal) and in vivo studies that presents supporting evidence for the feasibility of formulating aprophylactic human periodontal vaccine. Materials and methods: A manual and electronic literature search was made for animal studies up to 2011 that presented clinical, morphologic (alveolar bone level), and immunologic data  for the efficacy of a prophylactic periodontal vaccine. A total of 31 studies are included out of which nine are in vivo studies. Results: In vitro studies revealed a definitive inhibitory effect of vaccines over periodontal disease causing organisms and their vulnerability toward such agents. Among the studies reviewed, in vitro outnumbered the in vivo studies and there is definitely a lack in quality and quantity of human trials in this regard. Most in vitro studies have shown results in favor of vaccines preventing the periodontal diseases by action against pathogenic organisms. Conclusion: Because of the insufficient quality and quantity of human trials, no adequate evidence could be gathered to use the beneficial effects of these animal experiments to formulate a prophylactic human periodontal vaccine. Thus, good quality animal and human trials are needed in this field of vaccination against periodontal diseases.&nbsp

Full factorial design for optimization, development and validation of HPLC method to determine valsartan in nanoparticles

AbstractHigh performance liquid chromatographic method was optimized, developed and validated as per the ICH guidelines. In this study the 20mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile in the 57:43 ratio were used as mobile phase for the analysis of valsartan. Full factorial design was used to optimize the effect of variable factors. The responses were peak area, tailing factor and number of theoretical plates. The quadratic effect of flow rate and wavelength individually as well as in interaction were most significant (p<0.0001 and p<0.0086, respectively) on peak area; the quadratic effect of pH of buffer was also most significant effect (p<0.0001) on tailing factor (5%) whereas the quadratic effect of flow rate and wavelength individually was significant (p=0.0006 and p=0.0265, respectively) on the number of theoretical plates. The high-performance liquid chromatographic separation was performed at the flow rate 1.0min/mL, UV detector wavelength 250nm and pH of the buffer 3.0 as optimized parameters using design of experiments. The retention time values of valsartan were found to be 10.177min. Percent recovery in terms of accuracy for the prepared valsartan nanoparticles was found in the range of 98.57–100.27%

An Advanced Control Strategy For Solar PV And Battery Storage Integration System Using A Three Level NPC Inverter

In this venture, another design of a three-level impartial point-braced (NPC) inverter that can incorporate sunlight based photovoltaic (PV) with battery stockpiling in a lattice associated framework is proposed. The quality of the proposed topology lies in a novel, developed unbalance three-level vector adjustment strategy that can create the right air conditioning voltage under lopsided dc voltage conditions. This venture shows the plan investigation of the proposed design and the hypothetical structure of the proposed regulation system. Another control calculation for the proposed framework is additionally exhibited with a specific end goal to control the power conveyance between the sun based PV, battery, and matrix, which at the same time gives greatest power point following (MPPT) operation for the sun based PV. In this venture fluffy controller used to lessened the music when contrasted with the PI controller. The adequacy of the proposed procedure is examined by the recreation of a few situations, including battery accusing and releasing of various levels of sun oriented illumination. The reenactment performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK condition

The Role of Applied Behaviour Analysing in Zoo Management System for Animals

This study examines the use of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) in animal management systems in zoos with an emphasis on how well it enhances animal wellbeing. The goals of the study were comparing ABA-based approaches to conventional zoo management techniques and evaluating the effect of ABA on stress reduction in captive chimpanzees. Over the course of a year, information was gathered from a chosen group of chimpanzees, including baseline and post-ABA stress levels. Following the use of ABA techniques, the data from Table 1 show a consistent trend among the chimpanzees, suggesting a considerable reduction in stress levels. Strong evidence for the effectiveness of ABA in lowering stress levels in the chimpanzees was given by statistical analysis of the data (Table 2). With a high t-statistic of 8.25, the mean baseline stress level of 7.7 substantially decreased to 3.5 post-ABA treatments (p 0.05), emphasizing the significance of this reduction. With regard to reducing stress, Objective 2 compared ABA-Based and Traditional groups. Compared to the Traditional group, the ABA-Based method had a reduced baseline stress level, according to the findings in Table 3. The ABA-Based group showed a significant reduction in stress levels following ABA sessions, while the Traditional group also showed a reduction in stress levels, albeit to a lesser extent. Both strategies significantly reduced stress, according to statistical analysis (Table 4), with the ABA-Based strategy having a greater degree of statistical significance (p 0.05). This study concludes by offering empirical proof that Applied Behaviour Analysis is a useful method for enhancing animal wellbeing in the context of zoo management. The findings imply that when compared to conventional management techniques, ABA therapies can significantly lower stress levels in caged animals