Interior Life

Interior Life was curated by Tim Renshaw, Mary Maclean and Bernice Donszelmann who together form ‘Outside Architecture’. The aim of this project was to argue that interior space should not be negatively defined as a retreat from the public realm. Instead, following the thought of the philosopher Peter Slotterdijk, interior space was proposed as a human need. The five artists selected by ‘Outside Architecture’ each visualized this need differently. A contention here was that interiors give rise to a multiplicity of experiences that potentially change the way we dwell in contemporary man-made space. This contention was primarily figured in relation to the materiality of contemporary interiors. Each gave attention to the effects of contemporary materials and surfaces and each considered that these forms produce new modes of sensing and immersion in a place. The exhibition included two talks by the members of ‘Outside Architecture. The project was supported by an Arts Council of England grant of £6,323 www.ucreative.ac.uk/gallerie

A study of stone sculpture from Cumberland and Westmorland c.1092-1153 within a historical context

This thesis is the first study to survey and analyse the full extent of Cumberland and Westmorland's stone sculpture from the Norman and Scottish period. The aims of the thesis are to place the surviving stone sculpture within the context of late eleventh- and early twelfth-century art and culture and to identify sources of style, content and iconography and links with other artistic media. These are achieved through discussion of aspects of stone sculpture from a variety of sites and detailed examination of specific carvings: the lintel-stone at St Bees; the font at Bridekirk; four principal doorways: St Bees, Great Salkeld, Torpenhow and Kirkbampton. No surviving object of stone sculpture, architectural or free-standing, can be associated with a specific document or patron, but detailed analysis indicates the surviving carvings provide valuable visual evidence of Norman culture and the role of stone decoration within it. The final chapter concludes the study and considers the development of the parochial system which required churches and the possible patrons involved.Prior to this study, there has been little discussion of these carvings in the art-historical literature. The lintel-stone at St Bees and the font at Bridekirk have attracted some scholarly attention, but, elsewhere across the region, the surviving sculpture has remained comparatively unnoticed.1 The pre-Conquest carvings from the Anglian and Norse periods have been comprehensively analysed and catalogued in the Corpus (Map 6). The historical aspects, however, of the emergence of Cumberland and Westmorland into the modem age have been extensively discussed and documented.2 The history of the area has been explored by several authors in the Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society. These articles, contributed by authors with local expertise, cover all aspects of the area's history, including discussion of church buildings and sites. Canon James Wilson's contribution to the Victoria County History of Cumberland, Volumes 1 and 2, is unsurpassed by later authors in the majority of his views.3 This literature has provided invaluable sources ofinformation to an outsider of the region and forms much of the basis of historical discussion in this thesis. The study of Carlisle by Henry Summerson is comprehensive.4 This volume has been expanded by Charles Phythian-Adams in his study of the region up to 1120.5 Geoffrey Barrow, through his work on the relationship ofCumberland and Westmorland with Scotland, and John Todd, a resident of Cumberland, through historical studies based on surviving documentary evidence, have provided painstakingly accurate assessments of aspects of the region.6 Todd's work on the priories of St Bees and Lanercost are meticulously researched.7 Richard Sharpe, in the past few years, has also contributed to the interpretation of documentary material, Pipe Rolls and surviving charters.8 Scholarly thinking continues to develop as archaeological and sculptural evidence emerges, exemplified by the excavations at Whithorn throughout the past fifteen years. The loss of sculpture from the major part of the original Norman cathedral in Carlisle and the disappearance of Wetheral Priory detract from an understanding of sculptural development across the region and the influences upon it. To compensate for this loss, comparisons with other major sites and other artistic media from elsewhere are introduced

Developing a Just-in-Time Adaptive Mobile Platform for Family Medicine Education: Experiential Lessons Learned

EASEL is a platform designed to provide just-in-time adaptive support to students during experiential learning interviews conducted as part of required work in an online course in a family medicine education program in a Midwestern urban university setting EASEL considers the time and location of the student and provides questions and content before, during, and after the interviews take place EASEL will provide a new way to facilitate and support online family medicine students as they meet with patients and healthcare professionals This paper presents a look at the considerations, issues, and lessons learned during the development process of this interdisciplinary collaborative effort between the platform designers and family medicine faculty while working toward completion of the stud

Differential Effects of Mindful Breathing and Loving Kindness Meditations: A Component Analysis Study

Objective: Mindful breathing meditation (MBM) and loving-kindness meditation (LKM) are common components of effective mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). This study examined the differential effects of MBM and LKM on purported therapeutic process variables and mental health outcomes via component analysis. Method: The research design was a randomized controlled trial with four conditions: MBM, LKM, combined (MBM + LKM), and a relaxation control. All conditions consisted of 10-min. audio-recorded guided meditations that were self-implemented over the course of two weeks. Participants were college undergraduates (N = 52). Results: Findings indicated statistically significant and very large main effects of time, regardless of condition. Statistically significant time by condition interactions were only observed for one process variable (i.e., defusion) and one mental health outcome (i.e., depression). Follow-up descriptive evaluation of between-group effect sizes indicated patterns of favorable effects for MBM and LKM over the combined and relaxation control conditions. Treatment integrity and treatment acceptability data indicated very favorable social validity across conditions. Discussion: We conclude that our findings make a modest yet value-added contribution to the MBI component analysis literature, suggesting differentiated performance among isolated MBM and LKM exercises compared to combined and control conditions. Yet further research is warranted to improve upon the limitations of this study

Developing an Adaptive Mobile Platform in Family Medicine Field Experiences: User Perceptions

EASEL (education through application-supported experiential learning) is a platform designed to provide just-in-time content and reflection opportunities to students during field experiences, such as interviews or field labs, conducted as part of the workload in a course. This study was conducted in area of family medicine education at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. EASEL allows instructors and students flexibility to engage with course content based on the time of day and the location of each student conducting field work by providing access to questions and content before, during, and after a targeted field experience. In this study, three cohorts of family medicine students (N = 20) interviewed either a health care professional or a patient. Students used EASEL to facilitate and support their experience in the field. This study examined the student perceptions of EASEL. The data indicated instructive information on the usability of the EASEL platform and aided developers in considering future technologies to use as a part of the platform

DNA Vaccine Expressing Conserved Influenza Virus Proteins Protective Against H5N1 Challenge Infection in Mice

Influenza vaccination practice, which is based on neutralizing antibodies, requires being able to predict which viral strains will be circulating. If an unexpected strain, as in the 1997 H5N1 Hong Kong outbreak, or even a pandemic emerges, appropriate vaccines may take too long to prepare. Therefore, strategies based on conserved influenza antigens should be explored. We studied DNA vaccination in mice with plasmids expressing conserved nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix (M) from an H1N1 virus. After vaccination, mice were challenged with A/H5N1 viruses of low, intermediate, and high lethality. A/NP+A/M DNA vaccination reduced replication of A/Hong Kong/486/97 (HK/486), a nonlethal H5N1 strain, and protected against lethal challenge with more virulent A/Hong Kong/156/97 (HK/156). After HK/156 exposure, mice survived rechallenge with A/Hong Kong/483/97 (HK/483), although the DNA vaccination alone protected poorly against this highly virulent strain. In the absence of antigenically matched hemagglutinin-based vaccines, DNA vaccination with conserved influenza genes may provide a useful first line of defense against a rapidly spreading pandemic virus

Mindfulness-based school interventions: A systematic review of outcome evidence quality by study design.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the current literature on mindfulness-based school interventions (MBSIs) by evaluating evidence across specific outcomes for youth. Methods: We evaluated 77 studies with a total sample of 12,358 students across five continents, assessing the quality of each study through a robust coding system for evidence-based guidelines. Coders rated each study numerically per study design as 1++ (RCT with a very low risk of bias) to 4 (expert opinion) and across studies for the corresponding evidence letter grade, from highest quality (\u27A Grade\u27) to lowest quality (\u27D Grade\u27) evidence. Results: The highest quality evidence (\u27A Grade\u27) across outcomes indicated that MBSIs increased prosocial behavior, resilience, executive function, attention and mindfulness, and decreased anxiety, attention problems/ADHD behaviors and conduct behaviors. The highest quality evidence for well-being was split, with some studies showing increased well-being and some showing no improvements. The highest quality evidence suggests MBSIs have a null effect on depression symptoms. Conclusion: This review demonstrates the promise of incorporating mindfulness interventions in school settings for improving certain youth outcomes. We urge researchers interested in MBSIs to study their effectiveness using more rigorous designs (e.g., RCTs with active control groups, multi-method outcome assessment, and follow-up evaluation), to minimize bias and promote higher quality-not just increased quantity-evidence that can be relied upon to guide school-based practice

Mindfulness-Based School Interventions: a Systematic Review of Outcome Evidence Quality by Study Design

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the current literature on mindfulness-based school interventions (MBSIs) by evaluating evidence across specific outcomes for youth. METHODS: We evaluated 77 studies with a total sample of 12,358 students across five continents, assessing the quality of each study through a robust coding system for evidence-based guidelines. Coders rated each study numerically per study design as 1++ (RCT with a very low risk of bias) to 4 (expert opinion) and across studies for the corresponding evidence letter grade, from highest quality (‘A Grade’) to lowest quality (‘D Grade’) evidence. RESULTS: The highest quality evidence (‘A Grade’) across outcomes indicated that MBSIs increased prosocial behavior, resilience, executive function, attention and mindfulness, and decreased anxiety, attention problems/ADHD behaviors and conduct behaviors. The highest quality evidence for well-being was split, with some studies showing increased well-being and some showing no improvements. The highest quality evidence suggests MBSIs have a null effect on depression symptoms. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates the promise of incorporating mindfulness interventions in school settings for improving certain youth outcomes. We urge researchers interested in MBSIs to study their effectiveness using more rigorous designs (e.g., RCTs with active control groups, multi-method outcome assessment, and follow-up evaluation), to minimize bias and promote higher quality—not just increased quantity—evidence that can be relied upon to guide school-based practice

CD8+ T cell breadth and ex vivo virus inhibition capacity distinguish between viremic controllers with and without protective HLA class I alleles.

CAPRISA, 2016.Abstract available in PDF file

Modulation of Neutrophil Function by a Secreted Mucinase of Escherichia coli O157∶H7

Escherichia coli O157∶H7 is a human enteric pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis which can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome, a severe kidney disease with immune involvement. During infection, E. coli O157∶H7 secretes StcE, a metalloprotease that promotes the formation of attaching and effacing lesions and inhibits the complement cascade via cleavage of mucin-type glycoproteins. We found that StcE cleaved the mucin-like, immune cell-restricted glycoproteins CD43 and CD45 on the neutrophil surface and altered neutrophil function. Treatment of human neutrophils with StcE led to increased respiratory burst production and increased cell adhesion. StcE-treated neutrophils exhibited an elongated morphology with defective rear detachment and impaired migration, suggesting that removal of the anti-adhesive capability of CD43 by StcE impairs rear release. Use of zebrafish embryos to model neutrophil migration revealed that StcE induced neutrophil retention in the fin after tissue wounding, suggesting that StcE modulates neutrophil-mediated inflammation in vivo. Neutrophils are crucial innate effectors of the antibacterial immune response and can contribute to severe complications caused by infection with E. coli O157∶H7. Our data suggest that the StcE mucinase can play an immunomodulatory role by directly altering neutrophil function during infection. StcE may contribute to inflammation and tissue destruction by mediating inappropriate neutrophil adhesion and activation