The Book of Peaceby Christine de Pizan. Ed. Karen Green, Constant J. Mews et Janice Pinder

Cette nouvelle édition du Livre de Paix de Christine de Pizan, publiée un demi-siècle après celle de Charity Cannon Willard (La Haye, Mouton, 1958), comporte une édition du texte en moyen français, la première traduction anglaise de l’ouvrage, une excellente introduction de Karen Green, une étude approfondie des sources littéraires de Constant J. Mews, et une description codicologique et historique des deux manuscrits témoins (Bruxelles, KBR 10366, le ms. de base, et Paris, BnF fr. 1182) de T..

The Book of Peaceby Christine de Pizan. Ed. Karen Green, Constant J. Mews et Janice Pinder

Cette nouvelle édition du Livre de Paix de Christine de Pizan, publiée un demi-siècle après celle de Charity Cannon Willard (La Haye, Mouton, 1958), comporte une édition du texte en moyen français, la première traduction anglaise de l’ouvrage, une excellente introduction de Karen Green, une étude approfondie des sources littéraires de Constant J. Mews, et une description codicologique et historique des deux manuscrits témoins (Bruxelles, KBR 10366, le ms. de base, et Paris, BnF fr. 1182) de T..

The Book of Peaceby Christine de Pizan. Ed. Karen Green, Constant J. Mews et Janice Pinder

Cette nouvelle édition du Livre de Paix de Christine de Pizan, publiée un demi-siècle après celle de Charity Cannon Willard (La Haye, Mouton, 1958), comporte une édition du texte en moyen français, la première traduction anglaise de l’ouvrage, une excellente introduction de Karen Green, une étude approfondie des sources littéraires de Constant J. Mews, et une description codicologique et historique des deux manuscrits témoins (Bruxelles, KBR 10366, le ms. de base, et Paris, BnF fr. 1182) de T..

La copie hâtive des Proverbes moraux

Relié à l’Abbaye de Saint-Victor dans un volume contenant divers ouvrages moraux, un manuscrit en papier des Proverbes Moraux de Christine de Pizan, BnF fr. 24864, soulève différentes questions, tout en résolvant celle de la date de composition de l’ouvrage : 17 oct. 1405. Comportant de nombreuses erreurs, ce témoin transmet aussi plusieurs leçons qui sont supérieures à celles conservées dans les manuscrits de présentation ; certaines de ces variantes se retrouvent dans des manuscrits qui ne sont pas associés avec l’atelier de Christine. Il paraît donc que Christine aurait fait circuler une version préliminaire et défectueuse des Proverbes. D’ailleurs, on pourrait se demander si les Proverbes moraux seraient non une composition originale, mais une copie de maximes déjà en circulation.Bound at the Abbey of Saint-Victor into a volume containing numerous other moral works, an early paper copy of Christine de Pizan’s Moral Proverbs, BnF fr. 24864, raises intriguing questions, while at the same time solving the question of the work’s date of composition (Oct. 17, 1405). While it contains many obvious errors, the manuscript also has a number of variants that are superior to those transmitted in the presentation copies, and that, moreover, are found in manuscripts not associated with Christine’s workshop. It would appear, then, that Christine distributed a preliminary, defective version of the Proverbs independently. One might also wonder whether the Moral Proverbs are not an original composition, but a copy of maxims already in circulation

Manuscrits copiés en série

This article makes a detailed comparison of the four surviving copies of the Livre desfais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V that were prepared under Christine de Pizan’s supervision: Paris, BnF fr. 5025 and 10153, Modena, Biblioteca Estense α.N.8.7 and Vatican City, Vat. Reg. lat. 920. The similarities and differences among the copies allow one to draw some conclusions about work practices in the author’s atelier.Cet article présente une comparaison détaillée des quatre exemplaires survivants du Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V préparés sous la direction de l’auteur: Paris, BnF fr. 5025 et 10153, Modena, Biblioteca Estense α.N.8.7 et Città del Vaticano, Vat. Reg. lat. 920. Les similitudes et divergences qu’on observe dans ces quatre témoins permettent de formuler quelques conclusions concernant les pratiques de travail dans l’atelier de Christine de Pizan

Throat Swabs Are Necessary to Reliably Detect Carriers of Staphylococcus aureus

The anterior nares are the most important screening site of colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. We screened 2966 individuals for S. aureus carriage with swabs of both nares and throat. A total of 37.1% of persons were nasal carriers, and 12.8% were solely throat carriers. Screening of throat swabs significantly increases the sensitivity of detection among carriers by 25.7

Alcohol-Naïve USVs Distinguish Male HAD-1 from LAD-1 Rat Strains

Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are mediated through specific dopaminergic and cholinergic neural pathways and serve as real-time measures of positive and negative emotional status in rodents. Although most USV studies focus primarily on USV counts, each USV possesses a number of characteristics shown to reflect activity in the associated neurotransmitter system. In the present study, we recorded spontaneously emitted USVs from alcohol-naïve high alcohol drinking (HAD-1) and low alcohol drinking (LAD-1) rats. Using our recently developed WAAVES algorithm we quantified four acoustic characteristics (mean frequency, duration, power and bandwidth) from each 22 – 28 kHz and 50 – 55 kHz frequency modulated (FM) USV. This rich USV representation allowed us to apply advanced statistical techniques to identify the USV acoustic characteristics that distinguished HAD-1 from LAD-1 rats. Linear mixed models (LMM) examined the predictability of each USV characteristic in isolation and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and binomial logistic regression examined the predictability of linear combinations of the USV characteristics as a group. Results revealed significant differences in acoustic characteristics between HAD-1 and LAD-1 rats in both 22 – 28 kHz and 50 – 55 kHz FM USVs. In other words, these rats selectively bred for high- and low-alcohol consumption can be identified as HAD-1 or LAD-1 rats with high classification accuracy (approx. 92-100%) exclusively on the basis of their emitted 22-28 kHz and 50-55 kHz FM USV acoustic characteristics. In addition, acoustic characteristics of 22 – 28 kHz and 50 – 55 kHz FM USVs emitted by alcohol-naïve HAD-1 and LAD-1 rats significantly correlate with their future alcohol consumption. Our current findings provide novel evidence that USV acoustic characteristics can be used to discriminate between alcohol-naïve HAD-1 and LAD-1 rats, and may serve as biomarkers in rodents with a predisposition for, or against, excessive alcohol intake

Alcohol-preferring P rats emit spontaneous 22-28 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations that are altered by acute and chronic alcohol experience

BACKGROUND: Emotional states are often thought to drive excessive alcohol intake and influence the development of alcohol use disorders. To gain insight into affective properties associated with excessive alcohol intake, we utilized ultrasonic vocalization (USV) detection and analyses to characterize the emotional phenotype of selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats; an established animal model of excessive alcohol intake. USVs emitted by rodents have been convincingly associated with positive (50-55 kHz frequency-modulated [FM]) and negative (22-28 kHz) affective states. Therefore, we hypothesized that 50-55 and 22-28 kHz USV emission patterns in P rats would reveal a unique emotional phenotype sensitive to alcohol experience. METHODS: 50-55 kHz FM and 22-28 kHz USVs elicited from male P rats were assessed during access to water, 15 and 30% EtOH (v/v). Ethanol (EtOH; n = 12) or water only (Control; n = 4) across 8 weeks of daily drinking-in-the-dark (DID) sessions. RESULTS: Spontaneous 22-28 kHz USVs are emitted by alcohol-naïve P rats and are enhanced by alcohol experience. During DID sessions when alcohol was not available (e.g., "EtOH OFF" intervals), significantly more 22-28 kHz than 50-55 kHz USVs were elicited, while significantly more 50-55 kHz FM than 22-28 kHz USVs were emitted when alcohol was available (e.g., "EtOH ON" intervals). In addition, USV acoustic property analyses revealed chronic effects of alcohol experience on 22-28 kHz USV mean frequency, indicative of lasting alcohol-mediated alterations to neural substrates underlying emotional response. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that acute and chronic effects of alcohol exposure are reflected in changes in 22-28 and 50-55 kHz FM USV counts and acoustic patterns. These data support the notion that initiation and maintenance of alcohol intake in P rats may be due to a unique, alcohol-responsive emotional phenotype and further suggest that spontaneous 22-28 kHz USVs serve as behavioral markers for excessive drinking vulnerability

Alcohol enhances unprovoked 22-28 kHz USVs and suppresses USV mean frequency in High Alcohol Drinking (HAD-1) male rats

Heightened emotional states increase impulsive behaviors such as excessive ethanol consumption in humans. Though positive and negative affective states in rodents can be monitored in real-time through ultrasonic vocalization (USV) emissions, few animal studies have focused on the role of emotional status as a stimulus for initial ethanol drinking. Our laboratory has recently developed reliable, high-speed analysis techniques to compile USV data during multiple-hour drinking sessions. Since High Alcohol Drinking (HAD-1) rats are selectively bred to voluntarily consume intoxicating levels of alcohol, we hypothesized that USVs emitted by HAD-1 rats would reveal unique emotional phenotypes predictive of alcohol intake and sensitive to alcohol experience. In this study, male HAD-1 rats had access to water, 15% and 30% EtOH or water only (i.e., Controls) during 8 weeks of daily 7-h drinking-in-the-dark (DID) sessions. USVs, associated with both positive (i.e., 50-55 kHz frequency-modulated or FM) and negative (i.e., 22-28 kHz) emotional states, emitted during these daily DID sessions were examined. Findings showed basal 22-28 kHz USVs were emitted by both EtOH-Naïve (Control) and EtOH-experienced rats, alcohol experience enhanced 22-28 kHz USV emissions, and USV acoustic parameters (i.e., mean frequency in kHz) of both positive and negative USVs were significantly suppressed by chronic alcohol experience. These data suggest that negative affective status initiates and maintains excessive alcohol intake in selectively bred HAD-1 rats and support the notion that unprovoked emissions of negative affect-associated USVs (i.e., 22-28 kHz) predict vulnerability to excessive alcohol intake in distinct rodent models

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570