Diseño de un plan de mejoras

El desarrollo del desempeño docente se asume en este trabajo como un proceso continuo, situado dentro de una concepción de calidad de la educación y orientado hacia la excelencia de la docencia en la Universidad de Guayaquil, específicamente en la carrera de Historia y Geografía. Este proyecto busca convertirse en un referente para todas las carreras que se encuentran inmersas en la visión de alcanzar una óptima calidad educativa. El objetivo principal es dar respuesta a las necesidades de la sociedad, a través de esta tesis se descubrirá las deficiencias que presentan los docentes de la carrera de Historia y Geografía y la propuesta de algunos cambios importantes en el Plan de Mejora. El cambio irá dirigido tanto a lo pedagógico y profesional, como al personal y social del docente universitario, se pretende dar respuesta tanto a las necesidades individuales de los docentes como a los futuros profesionales que se desempeñarán en el campo laboral. Y el objetivo final será la mejora de la calidad del docente. Aunque la Universidad de Guayaquil está clasificada en categoría B, en la carrera de Historia y Geografía, no existe una cultura de evaluación integral al establecerse la falta de procesos de evaluación periódicos a los docentes de la carrera que genera una variada metodología según cada catedrático al elaborar el pensum de manera independiente sin la uniformidad que se requiere por parte de la sociedad; además la falta de seguridad de que el docente esté debidamente preparado para formar profesionales capacitados para los cambios que se presentan en el día a día; este proyecto está orientado a diseñar un Plan de Acción para que mediante procesos de evaluación docente constante se logre mejorar la calidad del proceso de formación del estudiante que se encuentra dentro de las aulas de la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad de Guayaquil

El movimiento musical Indie en el Ecuador y sus prácticas comunicativas durante el confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID-19

El movimiento de música independiente tiene su origen revolucionario en la creación de sellos discográficos pequeños que competían con al mercado discográfico multinacional, por lo general eran músicos de jazz quienes provenían de los pequeños sellos. En el contexto ecuatoriano el movimiento independiente permanece emergente, donde predomina la autogestión con la finalidad de sostener diversos proyectos aprovechando alternativas económicas como el trueque, y de esta forma crecer en comunidad. Desde el modelo de Shannon y su complejidad se conoce el término feedback donde un receptor responde a su emisor, esta realidad que se puede reflejar a través de la experiencia de la navegación en redes sociales. Actualmente la comunicación humana es compleja, sus prácticas comunicativas varían según su contexto social y económico. La pandemia por el COVID-19 obligó al mundo entero a confinarse, afectando al sector económico y cultural dejando atrás las aglomeraciones por eventos masivos. Esta situación afectó directamente a músicos y artistas independientes que usaban el espacio público para expresar sus obras, por lo que encontraron en el espacio virtual el sitio por excelencia para manejar sus gestiones y producciones. Desde la experiencia de tres músicos independientes (Luis Villamarín, Jordan Naranjo y Alex Alvear) se hará una reflexión en base a las anécdotas que enfrentaron, sus limitaciones y oportunidades durante la pandemia.The independent music movement has its revolutionary origin in the creation of small record labels that competed with the multinational record market, usually jazz musician´s who came from small labels. In the ecuadorian context, the independent movement remains emerging, where self-management predominates in order to sustain various projects taking advantage of economic alternatives such as barter, and thus grow as a community. From Shannon's model and its complexity is known the term feedback where a receiver responds to its sender, this reality that can be reflected through the experience of navigation in social networks. At human communication is complex, its communicative practices vary according to their social and economic context. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the whole world to confine itself, affecting the economic and cultural sector, leaving behind the agglomerations for massive events. This situation directly affected independent musicians and artists who used the public space to express their works, so they found in the virtual space the site par excellence to manage their efforts and productions. From the experience of three independent musicians (Luis Villamarín, Jordan Naranjo and Alex Alvear) a reflection will be made based on the anecdotes they faced, their limitations and opportunities during the pandemi

Impacto del uso del suelo sobre la condición de ribera en arroyos pampeanos y su relación con la estructura de la comunidad de peces

In the last 30 years agricultural areas have occupied a larger proportion of cultivable zone in the Pampa Plain, generating the movement of livestock activities to the margins of waterways. These changes in land use can cause hydrological, morphological, physicochemical and biological alterations in the lotic systems of this region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different types of land use on the structure of the fish community in streams of the middle basin of Areco River. To do this, monthly samplings were realized during the summer of 2014 in four tributaries of the Areco River. Two of these sections were associated with an unfenced livestock use on the bank stream, while the other two sites had an agricultural use with preserved riparian zone. In each sampling site the structure of the riparian zone was evaluated by applying a quality index of the banks. On each sampling date physicochemical and hydrological parameters were surveyed and the fish community was sampled. The quality of the banks in places exposed to livestock was lower than in those dedicated to agricultural use. In the latter, the values of suspended solids were lower while the total coverage of macrophytes was higher. Moreover, the total fish biomass was higher in the sites with higher level of preservation of the riparian zone. Significant differences were also observed in the fish species composition among sites with contrasting land use. There were strong positive correlations between the proportion of piscivores and the integrity of the bank. These results show a consistent relationship between the land use and the quality of the bank, which ultimately have an impact on the structure of the fish community in the lotic systems of the Pampa Plain.In the last 30 years agricultural areas have occupied a larger proportion of cultivable zone in the Pampa Plain, generating the movement of livestock activities to the margins of waterways. These changes in land use can cause hydrological, morphological, physicochemical and biological alterations in the lotic systems of this region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different types of land use on the structure of the fish community in streams of the middle basin of Areco River. To do this, monthly samplings were realized during the summer of 2014 in four tributaries of the Areco River. Two of these sections were associated with an unfenced livestock use on the bank stream, while the other two sites had an agricultural use with preserved riparian zone. In each sampling site the structure of the riparian zone was evaluated by applying a quality index of the banks. On each sampling date physicochemical and hydrological parameters were surveyed and the fish community was sampled. The quality of the banks in places exposed to livestock was lower than in those dedicated to agricultural use. In the latter, the values of suspended solids were lower while the total coverage of macrophytes was higher. Moreover, the total fish biomass was higher in the sites with higher level of preservation of the riparian zone. Significant differences were also observed in the fish species composition among sites with contrasting land use. There were strong positive correlations between the proportion of piscivores and the integrity of the bank. These results show a consistent relationship between the land use and the quality of the bank, which ultimately have an impact on the structure of the fish community in the lotic systems of the Pampa Plain

Protein folding on the ribosome studied using NMR spectroscopy

NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the investigation of protein folding and misfolding, providing a characterization of molecular structure, dynamics and exchange processes, across a very wide range of timescales and with near atomic resolution. In recent years NMR methods have also been developed to study protein folding as it might occur within the cell, in a de novo manner, by observing the folding of nascent polypeptides in the process of emerging from the ribosome during synthesis. Despite the 2.3 MDa molecular weight of the bacterial 70S ribosome, many nascent polypeptides, and some ribosomal proteins, have sufficient local flexibility that sharp resonances may be observed in solution-state NMR spectra. In providing information on dynamic regions of the structure, NMR spectroscopy is therefore highly complementary to alternative methods such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, which have successfully characterized the rigid core of the ribosome particle. However, the low working concentrations and limited sample stability associated with ribosome-nascent chain complexes means that such studies still present significant technical challenges to the NMR spectroscopist. This review will discuss the progress that has been made in this area, surveying all NMR studies that have been published to date, and with a particular focus on strategies for improving experimental sensitivity

Systematic mapping of free energy landscapes of a growing filamin domain during biosynthesis

Cotranslational folding (CTF) is a fundamental molecular process that ensures efficient protein biosynthesis and minimizes the formation of misfolded states. However, the complexity of this process makes it extremely challenging to obtain structural characterizations of CTF pathways. Here, we correlate observations of translationally arrested nascent chains with those of a systematic C-terminal truncation strategy. We create a detailed description of chain length-dependent free energy landscapes associated with folding of the FLN5 filamin domain, in isolation and on the ribosome, and thus, quantify a substantial destabilization of the native structure on the ribosome. We identify and characterize two folding intermediates formed in isolation, including a partially folded intermediate associated with the isomerization of a conserved cis proline residue. The slow folding associated with this process raises the prospect that neighboring unfolded domains might accumulate and misfold during biosynthesis. We develop a simple model to quantify the risk of misfolding in this situation and show that catalysis of folding by peptidyl-prolyl isomerases is sufficient to eliminate this hazard. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

Visualization of transient protein-protein interactions that promote or inhibit amyloid assembly

In the early stages of amyloid formation, heterogeneous populations of oligomeric species are generated, the affinity, specificity, and nature of which may promote, inhibit, or define the course of assembly. Despite the importance of the intermolecular interactions that initiate amyloid assembly, our understanding of these events remains poor. Here, using amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic variants of ?-microglobulin, we identify the interactions that inhibit or promote fibril formation in atomic detail. The results reveal that different outcomes of assembly result from biomolecular interactions involving similar surfaces. Specifically, inhibition occurs via rigid body docking of monomers in a head-to-head orientation to form kinetically trapped dimers. By contrast, the promotion of fibrillation involves relatively weak protein association in a similar orientation, which results in conformational changes in the initially nonfibrillogenic partner. The results highlight the complexity of interactions early in amyloid assembly and reveal atomic-level information about species barriers in amyloid formation

Structural mapping of oligomeric intermediates in an amyloid assembly pathway

Transient oligomers are commonly formed in the early stages of amyloid assembly. Determining the structure(s) of these species and defining their role(s) in assembly is key to devising new routes to control disease. Here, using a combination of chemical kinetics, NMR spectroscopy and other biophysical methods, we identify and structurally characterize the oligomers required for amyloid assembly of the protein ΔN6, a truncation variant of human β2-microglobulin (β2m) found in amyloid deposits in the joints of patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis. The results reveal an assembly pathway which is initiated by the formation of head-to-head non-toxic dimers and hexamers en route to amyloid fibrils. Comparison with inhibitory dimers shows that precise subunit organization determines amyloid assembly, while dynamics in the C-terminal strand hint to the initiation of cross-β structure formation. The results provide a detailed structural view of early amyloid assembly involving structured species that are not cytotoxic

Mechanisms of amyloid formation revealed by solution NMR

Amyloid fibrils are proteinaceous elongated aggregates involved in more than fifty human diseases. Recent advances in electron microscopy and solid state NMR have allowed the characterization of fibril structures to different extents of refinement. However, structural details about the mechanism of fibril formation remain relatively poorly defined. This is mainly due to the complex, heterogeneous and transient nature of the species responsible for assembly; properties that make them difficult to detect and characterize in structural detail using biophysical techniques. The ability of solution NMR spectroscopy to investigate exchange between multiple protein states, to characterize transient and low-population species, and to study high molecular weight assemblies, render NMR an invaluable technique for studies of amyloid assembly. In this article we review state-of-the-art solution NMR methods for investigations of: (a) protein dynamics that lead to the formation of aggregation-prone species; (b) amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered proteins; and (c) protein–protein interactions on pathway to fibril formation. Together, these topics highlight the power and potential of NMR to provide atomic level information about the molecular mechanisms of one of the most fascinating problems in structural biology