220 research outputs found
Glomerular hyperfiltration and increased proximal sodium reabsorption in subjects with type 2 diabetes or impaired fasting glucose in a population of the African region
Background. Glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) is a well-recognized early renal alteration in diabetic patients. As the prevalence of GHF is largely unknown in populations in the African region with respect to normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes [diabetes mellitus (DM)], we conducted a cross-sectional study in the Seychelles islands among families including at least one member with hypertension. Methods. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and proximal tubular sodium reabsorption were measured using inulin, p-aminohippurate (PAH) and endogenous lithium clearance, respectively. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected on the preceding day. Results. Of the 363 participants (mean age 44.7 years), 6.6% had IFG, 9.9% had DM and 63.3% had hypertension. The prevalence of GHF, defined as a GFR >140 ml/min, was 17.2%, 29.2% and 52.8% in NFG, IFG and DM, respectively (P trend <0.001). Compared to NFG, the adjusted odds ratio for GHF was 1.99 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-5.44] for IFG and 5.88 (2.39-14.45) for DM. Lithium clearance and fractional excretion of lithium were lower in DM and IFG than NFG (P < 0.001). Conclusion. In this population of African descent, subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes had a high prevalence of GHF and enhanced proximal sodium reabsorption. These findings provide further insight on the elevated incidence of nephropathy reported among African diabetic individual
Endocarditis in Cattle Caused by Bartonella bovis
This study aimed to determine the role of Bartonella as an endocarditis agent in cattle. Bartonella bovis was identified by PCR, gene sequences analysis, and specific internal transcribed spacer amplicon product size in 2 bovine endocarditis cases with high antibody titers, which demonstrates that B. bovis is a pathogen for cattle
Genetic diversity of Anaplasma Phagocytophilum, the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, implications for epidemiology and control in france
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-borne bacterium and the etiologic agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging disease that affects a wide range of mammals. In this paper, we present the recent knowledge gained from studies on the genetic diversity of this pathogen in France. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was used to characterize the genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in populations of French cattle, horses, dogs, and roe deer. MLSA was based on nine loci (ankA, msp4, groESL, typA, pled, gyrA, recG, polA, and an intergenic region). Phylogenic analysis revealed three genetic clusters of bacterial variants in domesticated animals. The two principal clusters included 98% of the bacterial genotypes found in cattle, which were only distantly related to those in roe deer. One cluster comprised only cattle genotypes, while the second contained genotypes from cattle, horses, and dogs. The third contained all roe deer genotypes and three cattle genotypes. These results suggest that roe deer do not contribute to the spread of A. phagocytophilum in cattle in France. A Multiple-Locus Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) Analysis typing technique was developed for A. phagocytophilum. Five VNTRs were selected based on the HZ human-derived strain genome, and were tested on the Webster human-derived strain and on 123 DNA samples. This study confirmed that A. phagocytophilum from roe deer or domestic ruminants belong to two different clusters, while A. phagocytophilum from red deer and domestic ruminants locate within the same cluster, questioning the respective roles of roe vs red deer as reservoir hosts for domestic ruminant strains in Europe. The molecular techniques recently developed have great potential to provide detailed information on A. phagocytophilum isolates,improving both epidemiological and phylogenic investigations, thereby helping in the development of relevant prevention and control measures.A. phagocytophilum, bactĂ©rie transmise par les tiques, est responsable de lâanaplasmose granulocytaire, une maladie Ă©mergente qui infecte une large gamme de mammifĂšres dont lâhomme. Lâobjectif de cet article est de prĂ©senter les nouvelles connaissances acquises sur la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique dâA. phagocytophilum chez diffĂ©rentes espĂšces dâhĂŽtes en France, afin de dĂ©terminer quelles espĂšces participent au mĂȘme cycle Ă©pidĂ©miologique. Une analyse par sĂ©quençage multi-locus (MLSA) a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e dans des populations de bovins, chevaux, chiens et chevreuils. Trois groupes de gĂ©notypes infectant les bovins ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s. Les deux groupes principaux incluent 98% des gĂ©notypes bactĂ©riens trouvĂ©s chez les bovins et sont Ă©loignĂ©s de ceux des chevreuils. Un cluster ne comprenait que les gĂ©notypes de bovins, tandis que le second gĂ©notype contenant des bovins comprenait Ă©galement des chevaux et des chiens. Le troisiĂšme cluster contenait tous les gĂ©notypes de chevreuils et trois gĂ©notypes de bovins. Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que les chevreuils ne contribuent pas Ă la propagation dâA. phagocytophilum chez les bovins en France. Puis, une technique MLVA (Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis) a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour A. phagocytophilum. Cinq VNTR ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s sur la base du gĂ©nome de la souche dâorigine humaine HZ, et ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s sur 123 Ă©chantillons dâADN provenant dâanimaux domestiques ou sauvages. Cette Ă©tude a confirmĂ© que les souches dâA. phagocytophilum retrouvĂ©es chez les chevreuils et les ruminants domestiques appartiennent Ă deux groupes diffĂ©rents, alors que les souches identifiĂ©es chez les cerfs et les ruminants domestiques sont localisĂ©es dans le mĂȘme cluster. Ces rĂ©sultats remettent en question les rĂŽles respectifs des chevreuils et des cerfs comme hĂŽtes rĂ©servoirs pour les souches dâA. phagocytophilum de ruminants domestiques en Europe. Ces techniques molĂ©culaires ont un grand potentiel pour amĂ©liorer nos connaissances sur les cycles Ă©pidĂ©miologiques dâA. phagocytophilum, contribuant ainsi Ă lâĂ©laboration de mesures de prĂ©vention et de contrĂŽle pertinents
Controlled release nanoparticle-embedded coatings reduce the tissue reaction to neuroprostheses
Controlled release coatings were developed for neuroprostheses with the aim of combating the tissue reaction following implantation in the brain. The coatings consist of poly(propylene sulfide) drug-eluting nanoparticles embedded in a poly(ethylene oxide) matrix. The nanoparticles are loaded with dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory drug known to have an effect on the cells activated during the damage caused by implantation. The nanoparticles are not affected by the coating process and the drug remains bioactive after it is released. The coating was applied to microfabricated cortical neuroprostheses consisting of platinum and polyimide. Coated drug-eluting devices were implanted in the cortex of rats. After implantation the matrix dissolves, exposing the electrode surfaces, while the nanoparticles remain in the vicinity of the tissueâimplant interface. Using electrical impedance spectroscopy and comparative histology, a long-term decrease in the tissue response in comparison to control devices was observed. These coatings can therefore be used to increase the reliability and long-term efficacy of neuroprostheses
Des vaccins BVD efficaces contre l'infection transplacentaire
National audienc
Les affections respiratoires des bovins d'origine virale
National audienceLors dâaffections respiratoires chez les bovins, les symptĂŽmes Ă©tant souvent similaires, il importe de dĂ©terminer la cause des troubles. De nombreux virus ont une niche Ă©cologique dans lâappareil respiratoire des bovins. Le virus respiratoire syncytial bovin et lâagent de la rhinotrachĂ©ite infectieuse bovine sont les plus connus et les plus redoutĂ©. La mise en Ă©vidence de lâagent causal avec certitude ne peut ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©e que par le laboratoire. Un plan de prophylaxie adaptĂ© fait appel Ă lâoutil vaccinal. Les impĂ©ratifs dâinnocuitĂ© et dâefficacitĂ© de cette vaccination ne sont pas faciles Ă respecter, notamment lors dâintervention chez de trĂšs jeunes veaux
Bartonellose bovine : étude de l'épidémiologie de l'infection par les bactéries du genre Bartonella chez les bovins et de leur pouvoir pathogÚne
DiplĂŽme : Dr. d'Universit
Bartonellose bovine : étude de l'épidémiologie de l'infection par les bactéries du genre Bartonella chez les bovins et de leur pouvoir pathogÚne
DiplĂŽme : Dr. d'Universit
Les affections respiratoires des bovins d'origine virale
National audienceLors dâaffections respiratoires chez les bovins, les symptĂŽmes Ă©tant souvent similaires, il importe de dĂ©terminer la cause des troubles. De nombreux virus ont une niche Ă©cologique dans lâappareil respiratoire des bovins. Le virus respiratoire syncytial bovin et lâagent de la rhinotrachĂ©ite infectieuse bovine sont les plus connus et les plus redoutĂ©. La mise en Ă©vidence de lâagent causal avec certitude ne peut ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©e que par le laboratoire. Un plan de prophylaxie adaptĂ© fait appel Ă lâoutil vaccinal. Les impĂ©ratifs dâinnocuitĂ© et dâefficacitĂ© de cette vaccination ne sont pas faciles Ă respecter, notamment lors dâintervention chez de trĂšs jeunes veaux
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