Girls should be Girls: The Impact of Child Marriage on Human Development

Child marriage is a violation of Human Rights and an impediment to social and economic development, it is strongly rooted in gender inequality. In Brazil, this practice has a predominantly informal and consensual quality, they often involve adult men married to girls in early puberty. The objective of this study is to synthesize the literature on the impact of child marriage on the most diverse indicators of human development - such as education, labor market, health, fertility, violence and female empowerment. In summary, the literature reveals that child marriage has a negative impact on these indicators, and this corroborates the urge to eliminate this phenomenon, which will ensure women’s right to a full economic and social life

Estudo da eficácia de saneantes comerciais de uso doméstico na redução da carga microbiana em alface (Lactuca sativa) crespa in natura

Introduction: Raw hardwood vegetables are possible sources of microbiological contamination and need to be sanitized before consumption. The different sanitizers vary in their ability to reduce microorganisms, and chlorine, in its different forms, is widely used in food for this purpose. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of three different types of commercial domestic sanitizers in the reduction of microbial load on in natura crisplettuce from conventional cultivation. Method: Five lots of three different chlorine-based sanitizers used for lettuce sanitization were studied. Concentration of free chlorine and the existence of thermotolerant coliforms and Salmonella spp were investigated in the lettuce samples after sanitization. Results: Only one of the evaluated sanitizers obtained free chlorine concentration between 100 and 200 ppm. All lettuce samples showed an absence of Salmonella sp./25 g and 60% of them had no reduction of coliform at 45ºC to acceptable  evels for the product to be suitable for consumption. Conclusions: The tested products were not effective in reducing the microbial load of lettuce to safe levels, which may be putting the health of the consumer at risk. However, more studies are needed to elucidate issues related to the food hygiene process.Introdução: Hortaliças folhosas cruas são possíveis fontes de contaminação microbiológica e precisam ser higienizadas antes do consumo. Os diferentes saneantes variam quanto à sua capacidade de redução de microrganismos, e o cloro, em suas diferentes formas, é amplamente utilizado em alimentos para este fim. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de três diferentes tipos de saneantes comerciais de uso doméstico na redução de carga microbiana em alface crespa in natura de cultivo convencional. Método: Foram estudados cinco lotes de três diferentes saneantes comerciais à base de cloro utilizados para sanitização de alface; avaliada a sua concentração de cloro livre e pesquisados coliformes termotolerantes e Salmonella spp. nas amostras de alface após a sanitização. Resultados: Apenas um dos saneantes avaliados obteve concentração de cloro livre entre 100 e 200 ppm. Todas as amostras de alface apresentaram ausência de Salmonella sp./25 g e 60% delas não tiveram redução de coliformes a 45ºC a níveis aceitáveis para que o produto estivesse próprio para o consumo. Conclusões: Os produtos testados não foram eficazes para reduzir a carga microbiana da alface a níveis seguros, o que pode estar colocando em risco a saúde do consumidor. Contudo, mais estudos são necessários para elucidar questões relativas ao processo de higienização de alimentos

Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors

Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications