Spatial distribution of domestic violence against women

Introdução: A violência contra a mulher é motivada por meio da dominação existente nas relações de poder, entre elas a masculina sobre a feminina, definida como ação violenta que possa gerar lesões ou sofrimentos no âmbito físico, sexual ou mental, além de intimidações, privações do direito à liberdade ou coerções realizadas dentro e fora de casa. Esse agravo vem crescendo cada vez mais no mundo inteiro, merecendo ser discutido e combatido no âmbito das políticas públicas. Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial da violência doméstica contra a mulher no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, do tipo censo, que analisou todos os casos denunciados de violência doméstica contra a mulher e que residissem no município, cenário do estudo, no ano de 2017. A fonte de dados foi do tipo secundária, nas duas Delegacias Especializadas de Atendimento da Mulher – DEAM, presentes no município. Resultados: Observou-se padrões espaciais da violência doméstica contra a mulher, como também aglomerados por toda a capital, desde os bairros considerados mais nobres, até os que vivem à margem da sociedade, comprovando que essa violência não tem distinção de classe. Conclusão: O estudo atingiu o objetivo proposto analisando a distribuição espacial da violência doméstica no cenário da pesquisa a partir dos padrões espaciais.Introduction: Violence against women is motivated by domination in power relations, including male over female violence, defined as violent action that can cause physical, sexual or mental injury or suffering, as well as intimidation, deprivation of rights to freedom or coercion carried out inside and outside the home. This aggravation has been growing more and more throughout the world, and deserves to be discussed and combated in the scope of public policies. Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of domestic violence against women in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Methods: It is a quantitative cross-sectional study of the census type that analysed all the reported cases of domestic violence against women resident in the municipality, the study scenario, in the year 2017. The data source was of the secondary type, in the two Specialized Police Offices for Women’s Affairs - DEAM, present in the municipality. Results: We observed spatial patterns of domestic violence against women, as well as agglomerations throughout the capital, from the most affluent exclusive neighbourhoods to those living on the margins of society, proving that this violence has no class distinction. Conclusion: The study reached the proposed goal by analyzing the spatial distribution of domestic violence in the research scenario based on spatial patterns

Modelagem da incidência do dengue através de aspectos climáticos, entomológicos e sócio-demográficos no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba

Climate alterations have been accompanied by ecological changes affecting human populations. From the time when climate change effects began to be disclosed, it has been increased researchers concerns on environmental issues and on the impact of these changes on ecosystems. The impacts on human health caused by climate change effect have also been studied and therefore, in recent years, several models have been proposed to explain such impact. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of climatic variations on the proliferation of vectors which transmit the dengue virus in the city of Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, and also to propose a decision model on the proliferation of vectors which transmit the dengue virus in the city of Joao Pessoa, Paraiba. This was an observational study, conducted in three different stages: descriptive data analysis, analysis of existing models and creation of a decision model on the incidence of dengue. This study has found that an increase in air precipitation and relative humidity along with a decrease of temperature, wind speed and duration of daylight may lead to an increase in breeding and infestation of Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes as well as to an increased incidence of dengue in the above mentioned municipality. As regards the effects caused by El Niño / La Niña, the relation of this phenomenon to the epidemiology of dengue in that city has been evidence on the local climate, cycle of the Aedes aegypti mosquito and on the increase in its incidence. The fuzzy decision model proposed has properly performed the identification of periods at epidemic risk through sets of prepared rules. Thus, it constitutes an important warning mechanism for identifying periods at epidemic risk in that municipality.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESMudanças climáticas vêm acompanhadas de alterações ecológicas que influenciam as populações humanas. Desde que os efeitos das mudanças climáticas começaram a ser divulgados, cresceu a preocupação dos pesquisadores com as questões ambientais e com o impacto dessas mudanças sobre ecossistemas. Os impactos na saúde humana decorrentes do efeito das mudanças climáticas também tem sido objeto de estudo e por isso nos últimos anos, diversos modelos têm sido propostos para explicar os impactos destas mudanças na saúde humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto das variações climáticas sobre a proliferação de vetores transmissores do vírus do Dengue no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba e propor um modelo de decisão sobre a proliferação de vetores transmissores do vírus do Dengue no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional e foi desenvolvido em três etapas distintas: análise descritiva dos dados, análise dos modelos existentes e geração de um modelo de decisão para a incidência de Dengue. Este estudo verificou que o aumento da precipitação e umidade relativa do ar junto com a diminuição da temperatura, velocidade do vento e duração da luz do dia influem no aumento dos criadouros e da infestação dos mosquitos adultos do Aedes aegypti como no aumento da incidência do Dengue deste município. Quanto aos efeitos causados pelo El Niño/La Niña, a relação deste fenômeno sobre a epidemiologia do Dengue neste município foi evidenciada sobre o clima local, o ciclo do vetor Aedes aegypti e o aumento de sua incidência no município. O modelo de decisão fuzzy proposto realizou de forma adequada à identificação de períodos sob risco de epidemia através dos conjuntos de regras elaborados constitui-se um mecanismo de alerta importante para a identificação de período sob risco de epidemias neste município

A Tool For Basic Statistics Learning On The Web

This paper presents an architecture for support basic statistics learning on the Web. Because of its features it can also be used to assist traditional learning methods and it can be applied to other similar courses. From that architecture it was implemented a tool for statistics teaching. In a first moment the tool seems to be similar to an ordinary calculator but it presents some restrictions of use that forces the student to correctly apply the operators in a statistical analysis. This way, future mistakes and analysis errors are prevented. The tool is composed by a client application that treats parameters and restrictions and sends queries to a server application. The server runs the computational and statistics methods necessary for the execution of the queries. The tool was developed using the JAVA language and it implements statistical measures of center and spread of distribution

Impact of a Virtual Clinic in a Paediatric Cardiology Network on Northeast Brazil

Introduction. Congenital heart diseases (CHD) affect approximately 1% of live births and is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite that, there is a shortage of paediatric cardiologists in Brazil, mainly in the northern and northeastern regions. In this context, the implementation of virtual outpatient clinics with the aid of different telemedicine resources may help in the care of children with heart defects. Methods. Patients under 18 years of age treated in virtual outpatient clinics between January 2013 and May 2014 were selected. They were divided into 2 groups: those who had and those who had not undergone a screening process for CHD in the neonatal period. Clinical and demographic characteristics were collected for further statistical analysis. Results. A total of 653 children and teenagers were treated in the virtual outpatient clinics. From these, 229 had undergone a neonatal screening process. Fewer abnormalities were observed on the physical examination of the screened patients. Conclusion. The implementation of pediatric cardiology virtual outpatient clinics can have a positive impact in the care provided to people in areas with lack of skilled professionals

A telemedicine network for remote paediatric cardiology services in north-east Brazil

PROBLEM: Providing health care for children with congenital heart diseases remains a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries. APPROACH: In October 2011, the Government of Paraíba, Brazil, established a paediatric cardiology network in partnership with the nongovernmental organization Círculo do Coração. A cardiology team supervised all network activities, using the Internet to keep in contact with remote health facilities. The network developed protocols for screening heart defects. Echocardiograms were performed by physicians under direct online supervision of a cardiologist; alternatively, a video recording of the examination was subsequently reviewed by a cardiologist. Cardiovascular surgeons came to a paediatric hospital in the state capital once a week to perform heart surgeries. LOCAL SETTING: Until 2011, the State of Paraíba had no structured programme to care for children with heart disease. This often resulted in missed or late diagnosis, with adverse health consequences for the children. RELEVANT CHANGES: From 2012 to 2014, 73 751 babies were screened for heart defects and 857 abnormalities were identified. Detection of congenital heart diseases increased from 4.09 to 11.62 per 1000 live births (P < 0.001). Over 6000 consultations and echocardiograms were supervised via the Internet. Time to diagnosis, transfers and hospital stays were greatly reduced. A total of 330 operations were carried out with 6.7% (22/330) mortality. LESSONS LEARNT: Access to an echocardiography machine with remote supervision by a cardiologist improves the detection of congenital heart disease by neonatologists; virtual outpatient clinics facilitate clinical management; the use of Internet technology with simple screening techniques allows resources to be allocated more efficiently