142 research outputs found

    Du roman d’aventures et de J.-H. Rosny aĂźnĂ©

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    Le roman d’aventures est Ă  la mode ; en disserter est Ă  la mode, on nous y convie, dissertons. Et dĂ©finissons, pour commencer. Un roman d’aventures, qu’est-ce que c’est, exactement ? C’est d’abord un roman d’action, un roman qui prend pour base le fait matĂ©riel, l’évĂ©nement concret. Mais c’est un roman d’action qui implique le dĂ©placement physique des personnages. Il est curieux de constater, en effet, que l’aventure sur place n’existe pas, littĂ©rairement parlant. Qui dit « roman d’aventures ..

    Environmental changes during marl-limestone formation: evidence from the Gargasian (Middle Aptian) of La Marcouline Quarry (Cassis, SE France)

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    International audienceLimestone-marl alternations are usually interpreted to reflect cyclic paleoenvironmental fluctuations linked to Milankovitch-scale climate variations. However, the impact of diagenesis on lithological differentiation can be overprinted on the primary signal. In order to evaluate environmental variations during the deposition of the Gargasian hemipelagic limestone-marl alternations from the "La Marcouline" quarry (SE France), we have applied a multi-discipline approach (carbonate geochemistry, micropaleontology and mineralogy). The work uses of a method of granulometric separation of the main carbonate particles which (1) allows the characterization and quantification of the compositions of the carbonate phases of both lithologies and (2) gives access to the geochemical signatures of similar carbonate (bio-) particles in each lithology. The quantifications show that micarb constitutes a significant portion (around 40 per cent) of the sediments. Their geochemical signatures indicate that most of them were formed by fine fragmentation of nannoconid tests. Based on these interpretations, our results indicate that nannoconids are the major constituents of both the marly limestone and the marl layers and that both lithologies are similar in composition. The coccolith assemblages (mainly Watznaueria spp.) of the limestone and marl layers are similar and equally well-preserved. Changes in oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios express cyclic fertility and salinity/temperature variations in surface waters. The marls indicate higher fertility and lower salinity (or higher temperature) conditions than those denoted by the marly limestones. Although diagenesis has not altered these rhythmites no strong evidence has been found for linking classical processes such as dilution or productivity cycles to the composition of the sediments (carbonate constituents and clay mineralogy). This study demonstrates that La Marcouline succession has retained, as recorded by geochemical proxy, its primary environmental variations. Nevertheless, the homogeneity in both lithotypes of sedimentological parameters (clay mineralogy, sediment composition, ...) seems to indicate that these fluctuations did not affect the ecosystem strongly enough to cause marked differences in the composition of marls and marly-limestones

    Fluctuations of sea-water chemistry during Gargasian (Middle Aptian) time. Data from trace-element content (Mg, Sr, Mn, Fe) in hemipelagic carbonates from La Marcouline Quarry (Cassis, SE France)

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    International audienceIn the Lower Aptian historical stratotype area (Cassis-La BĂ©doule, SE France), a geochemical study of the Gargasian (Middle Aptian) marl-limestone alternations of the La Marcouline quarry complements data already obtained from Bedoulian (Early Aptian) sediments there. Nannoconids are the main carbonate producers in both limestones and marls. Although diagenetic minerals, such as ankerite (2.5%) are present in small amounts, the trace-element content of bulk carbonate is very close to that of Nannoconus spp. so geochemical sequences can be defined. The long-term evolution of trace-element content was not affected by diagenetic processes, variations in carbonate mineralogy, or a change of carbonate producers. An increase of around 500 ppm in the strontium content of bulk carbonate occurs between the base of the Cabri zone (late Bedoulian) and the Algerianus zone (late Gargasian). This evolution is linked to fluctuations in seawater Sr/Ca ratios caused by variability in the influx of hydrothermal and river waters, by changes in the ratio of aragonite/calcite production and by shifts in sea level. The eustatic sequence Aptian 4, its parasequences and its key surfaces (sequence boundaries, maximum flooding surface) are clearly reflected in the evolution of the bulk-carbonate contents of manganese

    Quelle place l’enseignement a-t-il parmi les motivations et projets professionnels des Ă©tudiants en Education physique?

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    peer reviewedIl est commun de considĂ©rer que les Ă©tudes en Ă©ducation physique conduisent exclusivement Ă  une carriĂšre dans l’enseignement. Toutefois, les recherches portant sur les aspirations professionnelles des Ă©tudiants entrant dans ce type de formation sont relativement rares et il n’est pas possible actuellement de dĂ©terminer si tous les Ă©tudiants possĂšdent rĂ©ellement cette vocation «pĂ©dagogique». En CommunautĂ© française de Belgique, la prĂ©sence et le succĂšs de 12 Ă©tablissements de formation en Ă©ducation physique a incitĂ© le MinistĂšre de l’Enseignement supĂ©rieur et de la Recherche scientifique Ă  commander une Ă©tude portant sur les motivations des jeunes qui s’engagent dans cette orientation de formation

    Early Aptian ÎŽ13C and manganese anomalies from the historical Cassis-La BĂ©doule stratotype sections (S.E. France): relationship with a methane hydrate dissociation event and stratigraphic implications

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    International audienceComparison of oxygen and carbon isotope and manganese evolution curves in bulk carbonate from the historical Bedoulian stratotype (Cassis-La BĂ©doule area, Provence, France) reveals an important geochemical event (negative ÎŽ13C and high Mn content) located within the D. deshayesi ammonite Zone and at the base of the R. hambrowi ammonite Subzone. This worldwide event, which can be observed in environments ranging from the fluvial to the pelagic realm (Selli/Goguel level), seems to be related to methane hydrate destabilization. Scenarios for manganese, carbon and oxygen evolutions are proposed for early Bedoulian oxic conditions and for dysoxic/anoxic conditions related to methane hydrate destabilization at the early/late Bedoulian transition. The impacts of this global event on the biosphere (nannoconid crisis) and its stratigraphic implications are considered. Comparison of geochemical and biostratigraphical data from the Cassis-La BĂ©doule stratotype with that of the Cismon- Apticore reference borehole shows that the La Bedoule sequence records geochemical evolution during the Goguel/Selli Event in more detail than that of any other previously published section. –––Anomalies gĂ©ochimiques (?13C et manganĂšse) dans l'Aptien infĂ©rieur du stratotype historique de Cassis-La BĂ©doule (S.E. France) : relation avec un Ă©vĂ©nement de dissociation d'hydrates de mĂ©thane et implications stratigraphiques.- La comparaison des courbes isotopiques (carbone et oxygĂšne) et des teneurs en manganĂšse de la sĂ©rie du stratotype historique du BĂ©doulien (coupes de Cassis-La BĂ©doule, Provence, France) met en Ă©vidence des anomalies gĂ©ochimiques (accident nĂ©gatif du ?13C et pic des teneurs en Mn) se dĂ©veloppant dans les zones d'ammonites Ă  D. deshayesi et Ă  R. hambrowi. Cet Ă©vĂ©nement, d'occurrence mondiale, qui s'enregistre dans tous les environnements sĂ©dimentaires (niveau Selli/Goguel), parait liĂ© Ă  une pĂ©riode de dĂ©stabilisation des hydrates de mĂ©thane. Deux modĂšles de comportement du manganĂšse et des isotopes du carbone et de l'oxygĂšne sont proposĂ©s. Le premier correspond aux conditions oxiques rĂ©gnant au dĂ©but du BĂ©doulien, le second aux conditions dysoxiques/anoxiques liĂ©es Ă  la dissociatio

    Fluctuations de la chimie de l'eau de mer au cours du Gargasien (Aptien Moyen). Apports des teneurs en éléments traces (Mg, Sr, Mn et Fe) des carbonates hémipélagiques de la carriÚre de La Marcouline (Cassis, Sud-Est France)

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    Dans la rĂ©gion du stratotype historique de l'Aptien infĂ©rieur (Cassis-La BĂ©doule, SE France), les sĂ©diments alternants du Gargasien (Aptien supĂ©rieur) de la carriĂšre de la Marcouline ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s du point de vue gĂ©ochimique. Le dosage des Ă©lĂ©ments traces (Sr, Mg, Mn et Fe) du carbonate total a permis de complĂ©ter les donnĂ©es dĂ©jĂ  obtenues sur le BĂ©doulien et de dĂ©finir une zonation chimiostratigraphique du Gargasien. Les Nannoconus sont les producteurs carbonatĂ©s principaux aussi bien dans les bancs calcaires que dans les bancs marneux. Les diffĂ©rences gĂ©ochimiques observĂ©es entre les marnes (enrichies en Sr et Mg) et les calcaires (enrichis en Mn et Fe) ne peuvent ĂȘtre rĂ©duites Ă  une variation des producteurs ou Ă  une diagenĂšse diffĂ©rentielle. En dĂ©pit de la prĂ©sence de traces d'ankĂ©rite d'origine diagĂ©nĂ©tique (2,5%), l'enregistrement des Ă©lĂ©ments-traces au sein du carbonate total reste trĂšs proche de celui des fractions pures en Nannoconus et permet de dĂ©finir les sĂ©quences gĂ©ochimiques. Dans la continuitĂ© du processus initiĂ© dans le BĂ©doulien supĂ©rieur (base de la zone Ă  Cabri), les teneurs en strontium croissent rĂ©guliĂšrement durant le Gargasien. Au total une augmentation de l'ordre de 500 ppm survient entre la base de la zone Ă  Cabri (BĂ©doulien supĂ©rieur) et la zone Ă  Algerianus (Gargasien supĂ©rieur). Elle traduit une variation du rapport Sr/Ca de l'eau de mer, Ă  mettre en relation avec le bilan des apports hydrothermaux et fluviatiles, le rapport de la sĂ©dimentation aragonitique Ă  la sĂ©dimentation calcitique et les variations du niveau marin. Les teneurs en manganĂšse ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence la sĂ©quence eustatique Aptien 4 et les parasĂ©quences qui la composent, ainsi que de localiser ses surfaces clefs (limites de sĂ©quence et surface d'inondation maximale).In the Lower Aptian historical stratotype area (Cassis-La BĂ©doule, SE France), a geochemical study of the Gargasian (Middle Aptian) marl-limestone alternations of the La Marcouline quarry complements data already obtained from Bedoulian (Early Aptian) sediments there. Nannoconids are the main carbonate producers in both limestones and marls. Although diagenetic minerals, such as ankerite (2.5%) are present in small amounts, the trace-element content of bulk carbonate is very close to that of Nannoconus spp. so geochemical sequences can be defined. The long-term evolution of trace-element content was not affected by diagenetic processes, variations in carbonate mineralogy, or a change of carbonate producers. An increase of around 500 ppm in the strontium content of bulk carbonate occurs between the base of the Cabri zone (late Bedoulian) and the Algerianus zone (late Gargasian). This evolution is linked to fluctuations in seawater Sr/Ca ratios caused by variability in the influx of hydrothermal and river waters, by changes in the ratio of aragonite/calcite production and by shifts in sea level. The eustatic sequence Aptian 4, its parasequences and its key surfaces (sequence boundaries, maximum flooding surface) are clearly reflected in the evolution of the bulk-carbonate contents of manganese
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