O aquecimento com uso de bola pesada compromete a velocidade de arremesso de atletas de Handebol

O presente estudo investigou os efeitos agudos da realização de um protocolo de pré-ativação com bola pesada na força muscular dos rotadores mediais do ombro e velocidade de dois tipos de arremesso (estático e dinâmico em suspensão) em atletas de handebol. Foi identificada diminuição significante (p < 0,01) da velocidade de arremesso estático (-2,6 ± 1,3 m/s-1) após a realização da pré-ativação. Não foram identificadas alterações significantes na velocidade de arremesso em suspensão e em variáveis relacionadas à capacidade de produção de força medidas por meio de dinamometria (picos de torque isocinético a 60o.s-1 e 180o.s-1, pico de torque isométrico e taxa de desenvolvimento de torque isométrico máximo). Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que o protocolo de pré-ativação investigado não só não resulta em melhoria de desempenho como pode, também, comprometer o mesmo.We investigated the acute effects of a pre-activation protocol performed with a heavy ball on shoulder internal rotator strength and overhead throwing performance in team handball athletes. Pre-activation significantly (p < 0.01) compromised static overhead throw velocity (-2.6 ± 1.3 m.s-1). Shoulder internal rotator strength (measured as isokinetic peak torque at 60o.s-1 and 180o.s-1, isometric peak torque and maximal rate of force development) and dynamic overhead throw performance were not significantly influenced by the pre-activation. The obtained results suggest that the investigated pre-activation protocol does not enhance strength and throwing performance and might compromise static throwing velocity

Inseminação artificial com sêmen fresco e sua aplicabilidade como biotecnologia da reprodução na espécie ovina

With the increasing development of the brazilian sheep production, the producer was forced to achieve higher production rates. The use of artificial insemination has been shown as an important biotechnological tool in animal breeding. Among the various existing techniques, the superficial cervical insemination with fresh semen is demonstrating fertility rates between 70 and 80% (AISEN, 2008), in addition to its applicability, it does not require sophisticated equipment or manpower to highly specialized implementing these plans greater possibility in your job to maximize reproduction and greater dissemination of superior genetic material on the property. This study aims to address aspects of artificial insemination with fresh semen in sheep and its applicability in commercial herds biotechnology as a tool in assisted reproductionCom o crescente desenvolvimento da ovinocultura brasileira o produtor viu-se obrigado a atingir melhores índices produtivos. A utilização da inseminação artificial vem se mostrando importante ferramenta biotecnológica da reprodução animal. Dentre as diversas técnicas existentes, a inseminação cervical superficial com sêmen fresco vem demonstrado taxas de fertilidade entre 70 e 80 % (AISEN, 2008), além da sua aplicabilidade, por não exigir equipamentos sofisticados nem mão de obra altamente especializada para sua implementação, gerando uma maior possibilidade no seu emprego para maximizar a reprodução e maior disseminação de material genético superior na propriedade. O presente trabalho objetiva abordar os aspectos da inseminação artificial com sêmen fresco na espécie ovina e sua aplicabilidade em rebanhos comerciais como ferramenta biotecnológica da reprodução assistid

Características qualitativas de oócitos obtidos por Laparoscopic Ovum Pick-up (LOPU) e da maturação nuclear em ovinos

The present study aimed to evaluate the ovarian response to superstimulation using 80UI FSH and eCG 300UI after ablation LOPU (LOPU1) of all follicles present in both ovaries. Determine mlehor time to make a new LOPU (LOPU2) by ultrasound evaluation of the ovaries every 12 hours LOPU1. And comparing the responses ovarian DLOPU treatment with the treatment Ono Shot adapted Baldassarre (1996) with the DLOPU described here, the amounts of COC and quality of the structures obtained after process and IVM for 24 hours. It was determined the time for completion of LOPU2 in 36 hours after the overstimulation. The mean number of follicles present in the ultrasonographic evaluation immediately before the LOPU in both treatments was about 9 structures did not differ from follicles aspirated media, the recovery rate common to the two treatments was 62.5%. Immediate assessment of the structures obtained as well as after 24 IVM demonstrated that COCs do not hear qualitative difference between treatmentsO presente estudo visou avaliar a resposta ovariana a superestimulação utilizando 80UI de FSH e 300UI de eCG após ablação por laparoscopic ovum pic-up (LOPU1) de todos os folículos visíveis presentes em ambos os ovários. Determinar o melhor momento para realização de uma nova LOPU (LOPU2), mediante a avaliação ultrassonográfica dos ovários a cada 12 horas após LOPU1. E comparar a respostas ovariana do tratamento Duplo LOPU (DLOPU) com o tratamento One Shot adaptado de Baldassarre (1996), quanto a quantidades dos Complexos Cumulos-Oócito (COCs), e qualidade das estruturas obtidas e após processo de maturação in vitro (MIV) por 24 horas. Foi determinado o momento para realização da LOPU2 em 36 horas após a superestimulação. A média de folículos presentes na avaliação ultrassonográfica imediatamente antes a LOPU em ambos os tratamentos foi cerca de 9 estruturas, não diferindo da media de folículos aspirados, a taxa de recuperação comum aos dois tratamentos foi de 62,5%. A avaliação imediata das estruturas obtidas bem como a após 24 de MIV demonstrou que não houve diferença qualitativa COCs entre os tratamento

Pattern of follicular development in sheep subjected to ovarian superstimulation after follicular ablation by laparoscopic ovum pick-up

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of follicular development in ewes following ablation of all follicles associated with ovarian superstimulatory treatment. After confirmation of reproductive cyclicity using ultrasonography and progesterone levels, five adult ewes of undetermined breed received a vaginal pessary containing 60mg of medroxyprogesterone, maintained for 10 days, with the application of 100μg cloprostenol on the fourth day. On the tenth day, 300UI equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was applied together with 80mg FSH, and all visible follicles were aspirated by laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU). Following LOPU, ovarian structures were assessed using sonography every 8 hours for a period of 64 hours, and the number and diameter of small (4.5mm) follicles were recorded. The average diameter of small follicles reduced from 5.6±1.5mm initially to 0.8±1.3mm by 56 hours. Population size of the medium-sized follicles during the observation period followed a parabolic distribution wherein the theoretical maximum size emerged at 34.6 hours with no difference at (P>0.05) 24 (4.6±1.5) and 48 hours (4.8±2.3). It was concluded that in ewes subjected to ovarian superstimulation immediately following LOPU, follicular development is characterized by a new wave of follicle growth with a predominance of medium-sized follicles (2.5-4.5mm) between 24 and 48 hours, and a theoretical population maximum occured at 34.6 hours

Chronic Adaptations to Eccentric Cycling Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study aimed to investigate the effects of eccentric cycling (ECCCYC) training on performance, physiological, and morphological parameters in comparison to concentric cycling (CONCYC) training. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect. Studies comparing the effect of ECCCYC and CONCYC training regimens on performance, physiological, and/or morphological parameters were included. Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis models were used to estimate the population’s mean difference between chronic responses from ECCCYC and CONCYC training protocols. Group levels and meta-regression were used to evaluate the specific effects of subjects and study characteristics. Fourteen studies were included in this review. The meta-analyses showed that ECCCYC training was more effective in increasing knee extensor strength, vastus lateralis fiber cross-sectional area, and six-minute walking distance compared to CONCYC. Moreover, ECCCYC was as effective as CONCYC in decreasing body fat percentage. CONCYC was more effective in increasing V˙O2max and peak power output attained during concentric incremental tests. However, group-level analyses revealed that ECCCYC was more effective than CONCYC in improving V˙O2max in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases. ECCCYC is a viable modality for exercise interventions aiming to improve parameters of muscle strength, hypertrophy, functional capacity, aerobic power, and body composition, with more advantages than CONCYC training in improving neuromuscular variables

Isometric pre-conditionin and antioxidant juice consumption as prophylactic strategies against muscle damage

O objetivo foi investigar os efeitos combinados do consumo de um suco antioxidante (SA) e do pré-condicionamento isométrico (PCI) nas alterações em marcadores de economia de corrida (EC) e dano muscular (DM) após uma corrida em declive (CrED). 75 homens (22±2 anos; 78±9 kg; 177±5 cm) foram distribuídos em grupos controle (CON), placebo (PLA), suplementação (SUP), PCI (ISO) e combinação (COMB). Participantes de todos os grupos correram por 30 minutos em declive (-15%) a 70%VO2max. Voluntários do grupo SUP e PLA consumiram um SA e placebo, respectivamente, duas vezes ao dia por nove dias. Participantes do grupo ISO realizaram 10 contrações isométricas máximas em um leg press dois dias antes da CrED e participantes do grupo COMB realizaram uma combinação dos procedimentos descritos para SUP e ISO. O grupo CON não recebeu nenhum tratamento. O consumo de oxigênio medido durante corridas de cinco minutos (80%VO2max) (EC), o pico de torque isométrico dos extensores do joelho (PTI), a altura de salto e a percepção subjetiva de dor (PSD) dos músculos dos membros inferiores foram medidos antes da CrED e nos 4 dias subsequentes à mesma. Foram identificadas alterações em todos os marcadores coletados para todos os grupos após a CrED. Os grupos SUP e COMB apresentaram recuperação acelerada da EC, PTI e PSD. O grupo ISO apresentou recuperação acelerada do PTI em relação aos grupos CON e PLA. O pico de PSD foi menor para os grupos SUP e COMB. O consumo de SA atenua mudanças na EC e em sintomas de DM após a CrED, sendo que sua combinação com o PCI não gera benefícios adicionais nessa recuperação.Our aim was to investigate the combined effects of antioxidant juice (AJ) consumption and isometric pre-conditioning (IPC) on changes in markers of running economy (RE) and symptoms of muscle damage (MD) following downhill running (DHR). Seventy-five men (22±2 years; 78±9 kg; 177±5 cm) were randomly assigned to five groups: control (CON), placebo (PLA), AJ supplementation (SUP), IPC (ISO) and a combination of IPC and AJ (COMB). All participants ran downhill (-15%) for 30 minutes at 70%VO2max. Participants in the SUP group consumed AJ twice a day for nine consecutive days while those assigned to PLA consumed a placebo at the same moments. Participants assigned to the ISO group performed 10 maximal isometric contractions at a leg press machine two days prior to DHR. Volunteers in the COMB group performed a combination of the procedures described for SUP and ISO and those in CON did not perform any recovery strategy. Oxygen uptake during five-minute runs at 80%VO2max (RE), knee extensors isometric peak torque (IPT), countermovement jump height and lower limb muscle soreness (SOR) were assessed before and on the 4 days subsequent to DHR. All dependent variables were significantly affected following DHR in all groups. RE, IPT and SOR recovered faster for SUP and COMB when compared to the other groups. IPT recovered faster for ISO when compared to CON and PLA. Peak SOR was lower for SUP and COMB than for all other groups. AJ consumption blunts changes in RE and symptoms of MD following DHR. It seems that combining AJ consumption and IPC does not add any degree of protection against MD beyond that conferred by AJ consumption alone

Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Piometra em um Tigre (Panthera tigris) mantida sob cuidados humanos

Background: Captive tigers can live a long life, around 26 years. Among the diseases described some of non-infectious origin are quite common, such as chronic kidney disease, spondylosis, and biliary cysts or tumors. On the other hand, pyometra has been frequently reported in lions, who have a higher risk of developing the disease than tigers and leopards. Pyometra is a disease with few descriptions in tigers and it may be related to the physiological features of the species. The animal is listed as Endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened. The present report aims to describe the diagnosis and treatment of pyometra in a captive tigress. Case: A 7-year-old entire female tiger (Panthera tigris) weighing 140 kg was presented with a 3-day history of anorexia and prostration. For clinical examinations, collection of laboratory and imaging tests, the patient initially underwent dissociative anesthesia to allow catheterization of the cephalic vein and intravenous general anesthesia for orotracheal intubation followed by anesthetic maintenance in isoflurane. On general physical examination, the animal had normal colored mucosa, vital parameters within normal limits, and a body condition score of 6 on a scale of 9. There was no presence of vulvar secretion. The blood count and the biochemical exams showed values within the normal range for the species. The chest X-ray in the right and left views did not demonstrate pulmonary abnormalities. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen showed distension of the uterine body and horns, which have intraluminal hyperechoic fluid content without flocculation. Based on the imaging exam, the diagnosis was suggestive of pyometra. Exploratory celiotomy was performed via ventral midline, confirming the condition, which was treated by ovariohysterectomy. The surgical technique was performed as described for therapeutic ovariohysterectomy in dogs and cats. Culture of uterine content identified Escherichia coli. The histological analysis identified diffuse endometritis associated with follicular cysts. The tiger had complete recovery without any complications. The patient was releasing 13 days after the surgical procedure and in the last contact four months after the surgery, it was in perfect health conditions. Discussion: Pyometra in large exotic felids has been occasionally reported, mainly in animals more than 10 years of age. Although the tigress in the report is estimated to be seven years old. The patient in question started with anorexia and prostration and as there was already a history of cystic endometrial hyperplasia, a possible pyometra was suspected, despite being uncommon in the species. There was not vaginal discharge. The definitive diagnosis was by means of ultrasound examination and ovariohysterectomy was performed. Abdominal surgery for these large felids is complex, due to the intra-abdominal volume the flank approach or by laparoscopic is suggested, however in this case a ventral midline incision was performed without intercurrences and complications in the post-operative period. The surgical technique like that used in small animals was effective for the treatment of pyometra in the tigress with the use of ovariohysterectomy. Culture of uterine content identified Escherichia coli, which has been the most commonly isolated pathogen in pyometra of large felids. It was concluded that, as in bitches with pyometra, early diagnosis and surgical treatment is ideal for the patient's recovery. Keywords: ovariohysterectomy, treatment, bacteria, infection

Validation of the Unesp-Botucatu composite scale to assess acute postoperative abdominal pain in sheep (USAPS).

A scale with robust statistical validation is essential to diagnose pain and improve decision making for analgesia. This blind, randomised, prospective and opportunist study aimed to develop an ethogram to evaluate behaviour and validate a scale to assess acute ovine postoperative pain. Elective laparoscopy was performed in 48 healthy sheep, filmed at one preoperative and three postoperative moments, before and after rescue analgesia and 24 hours after. The videos were randomised and assessed twice by four evaluators, with a one-month interval between evaluations. Statistical analysis was performed using R software and differences were considered significant when p 0.80 with the numerical, simple descriptive, and visual analogue scales, and a correlation of 0.48 with the facial expression scale. According to the mixed linear model, the scale was responsive, due to the increase and decrease in pain scores of all items after surgery and analgesic intervention, respectively. All items on the scale demonstrated an acceptable Spearman item-total correlation (0.56-0.76), except for appetite (0.25). The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.81) and all items presented specificity > 0.72 and sensitivity between 0.61-0.90, except for appetite. According to the Youden index, the cut-off point was ≥ 4 out of 12, with a diagnostic uncertainty zone of 4 to 5. The area under the curve > 0.95 demonstrated the excellent discriminatory capacity of the instrument. In conclusion, the Unesp-Botucatu pain scale in sheep submitted to laparoscopy is valid, reliable, specific, sensitive, with excellent internal consistency, accuracy, discriminatory capacity, and a defined cut-off point