Childrearing and child participation in rural communities of Northern Calchaqui Valleys (Northwest Argentina)

Este artículo analiza varios aspectos emergentes de una investigación etnográfica acerca de la crianza y del desarrollo de los niños desde una perspectiva ecológica. Se enfoca en los resultados de un estudio etnográfico realizado en comunidades rurales de los Valles Calchaquíes (Salta, Noroeste Argentino) y basada en el uso de las técnicas propias de la etnografía. Tomando como referente el concepto de «nicho de desarrollo», se caracterizan los discursos y prácticas de crianza y cuidado de la salud de los niños (guaguas) en el marco de las actividades de subsistencia a escala doméstica. Por otro lado, se profundizan las transformaciones de estos discursos a través de las generaciones así como sus articulaciones y tensiones con diversos saberes y prácticas institucionales.Cet article analyse plusieurs aspects notoires d’une recherche ethnographique sur l’éducation et le développement des enfants selon une perspective écologique. Il se concentre sur les résultats d’une étude ethnographique menée dans des communautés rurales des vallées Calchaquies (Salta, nordouest de l’Argentine) et basée sur l’utilisation des techniques propres à l’ethnographie. À partir du concept de « niche de développement », sont caractérisés les discours et pratiques d’éducation et de soin à la santé des enfants (guaguas) au sein des activités de subsistance à l’échelle domestique. Par ailleurs, sont approfondies les transformations de ces discours à travers les générations ainsi que leurs articulations et tensions avec les divers savoirs et pratiques institutionnelles.This paper analyzes some aspects emerging from an ethnographic research about childrearing and child development from an ecological perspective. Its focuses on results if a fieldwork carried out in rural communities of the Calchaqui Valleys (Salta, Northwest Argentina) and based on the use of ethnographic techniques. By taking as reference the concept of “developmental niche”, discourses and practices about childrearing and children’s health care (guaguas) are characterized in the context of subsistence activities at the domestic scope. Moreover, transformations of theses discourses through generations and their articulations and tensions with different knowledge and institutional practices are deepened.Fil: Remorini, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Acerca de Niños en riesgo y padres no suficientemente buenos : conceptualizaciones en torno a la infancia, los niños y sus familias como objeto de políticas de salud en Molinos (Salta, Argentina)

Fil: Remorini, Carolina. Cátedra de Etnografía I. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Palermo, María Laura. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

50 años de Antropología en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata: historia, desafíos y perspectivas. En: Avá, n° 14

Recientemente y en diferentes contextos, los antropólogos argentinos comenzaron a discutir acerca del perfil profesional. La formación universitaria, las demandas e inserción en diversos sectores sociales fueron conciliados para definir nuevas perspectivas en el desarrollo disciplinar. La Carrera de Antropología se inicia en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata en 1958, con una orientación teórica definida en el marco de las Ciencias Naturales. Ello ha aportado interesantes enfoques que posibilitan la intervención del antropólogo en proyectos y programas interdisciplinarios. El presente trabajo intenta dar cuenta del proceso de revisión de nuestra historia institucional. Esperamos contribuir a la consolidación de espacios formales de discusión y organización para superar la fragmentación que aún se advierte pese a los cincuenta años transcurridos de la creación de las carreras de Antropología en nuestro país

Some Considerations Regarding the Origin and Functions of Parasites among Two Mbya Communities in Misiones, Argentina

Fil: Crivos, Marta Alicia. Cátedra de Antropología General. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, María Rosa. Cátedra de Etnografía I. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Remorini, Carolina. Cátedra de Etnografía I. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Sy, Anahí. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural phase of wine production in the Maremma rural district (Tuscany, Italy).

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest from retailers, industries and environmental associations in estimating the life cycle of greenhouse gases emitted in the atmosphere from everyday products and services, also known as carbon footprint (CF). Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the most common methodology used to evaluate the environmental impact of a product. This approach was largely used in many industrial sectors and was also recently applied to quantify the environmental impact of the agri-food chain. Within agri-food products, wine is one of the most analysed, both for its importance in economic production and in the world distribution market. The present study is a part of the Carbon Label Project carried out in the wine production chain in the Maremma rural district (Tuscany, Italy). The project assessed the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wine production for labelling purposes. Here, we evaluated the environmental performances of four high quality wines for carbon labelling. The international standards ISO 14040, ISO 14044, and the Product Category Rules (PCR) Wine from Fresh Grapes (except sparkling wine) and Grape Must for the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) certification, specifically for Climate Declaration, were used in order to carry out our analyses. The functional unit (FU) used here was one 0.75 L bottle of wine. The system boundaries were set from the vineyard planting to the distribution and waste disposal. The global warming potential (GWP) of four investigated wines was found to lie between 0.6 and 1.3 kg CO2-eq./bottle, showing a value comparable with literature. With all the four wines analysed, the agricultural phase covered, on average, 22% of the total GWP/bottle, while the main impact was in the production of the glass bottle. The results showed that the vineyard-planting phase has a significant impact on the wine CF, thus it has to be considered in the life cycle, while in literature it is frequently omitted. On the contrary, the pre-production phase did not present a relevant impact. The use of nitrogen fertilisers, the grapes’ yield and N2O emissions were the parameters that mostly affected the carbon footprint in the agricultural phase, as underlined by the sensitivity analysis

El susto: síndrome culturalmente específico en contextos pluriculturales : Algunas consideraciones sobre su etiología y terapéutica en México y Argentina

Fil: Remorini, Carolina. Cátedra de Etnografía I. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Crivos, Marta Alicia. Cátedra de Antropología General. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, María Rosa. Cátedra de Etnografía I. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Aguilar Contreras, Abigail. Herbario Medicinal del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; Méxic

Rapid and non-destructive method to assess in the vineyardgrape berry anthocyanins under different seasonal andwater conditions

Abstract Background and Aims: Monitoring of anthocyanins (Anth) in winegrape (Vitis vinifera L.) is fundamental for the production of top-quality red wines. This work was aimed at testing a new fluorescence-based sensor for Anth detection in the vineyard. Significance of the Study: The present study showed a new important innovative technology for viticulture. The sensor evaluation of the large spatial and temporal heterogeneity in Anth accumulation can be useful as support parameter in the harvest date decision or for vineyard zoning of phenolic maturity. Methods and Results: Anth in grape (cv. Aleatico) bunches attached to the vine were monitored non-destructively in the field using a fluorescence-based sensor during the 2008 and 2009 seasons and under different water regimes. The ANTHRG index = log(far-red-fluorescenceR/far-red-fluorescenceG), with fluorescence signals excited with red (R) and green (G) light, was inversely correlated through an exponential function (r2 = 0.875) to the Anth concentration derived from the HPLC analysis of berry skin extracts. ANTHRG was effective in detecting the earlier ripening process in 2009 with respect to 2008 and differences in the Anth accumulation between seasons and in relation to different water regimes.Water deficit imposed in 2009 enhanced Anth concentration in berries because of a reduction in berry size but also an increase of Anth biosynthesis. This effect was observed by both destructive and ANTHRG non-destructive measurements. Conclusions: Our results show that the employed fluorescence sensor represents a reliable, rapid and non-invasive tool for monitoring and determining Anth accumulation in situ

Growing Up in the Forest : Ethnographic Study on Mbya Childrearing Values and Practices

Although some cultural analyses still use simplistic dualisms such as collectivism vs individualism or interdependence vs autonomy, a balance between individual and collective goals and values is noticeable in many Indigenous communities. Mbya Guarani perspectives on children's growth and development, emphasizes the balance between interdependence and autonomy as complementary values. This article examines the ideas of reciprocity, respect, autonomy, and interdependence of lives and the impact of these on children's development and health. Using an ecological perspective that recognizes humans' relationship with other living beings that inhabit the forest, this article is based on ethnographic research conducted in two Mbya Guarani communities (Argentina). Respect and reciprocity are key for children to develop as part of thecommunity and the forest and they are related to children's wellbeing and health. I describe Mbya perspectives on children's growth and development, providing examples of environmentally relevant skills to grow up in the forest. These skills are associated with particular ways of inhabiting the forest, including learning how to walk in it and developing entendimiento (understanding). These make possible children's integration incommunity life through their participation and collaboration in daily activities.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoLaboratorio de Investigaciones en Etnografía Aplicad

Growing Up in the Forest : Ethnographic Study on Mbya Childrearing Values and Practices

Although some cultural analyses still use simplistic dualisms such as collectivism vs individualism or interdependence vs autonomy, a balance between individual and collective goals and values is noticeable in many Indigenous communities. Mbya Guarani perspectives on children's growth and development, emphasizes the balance between interdependence and autonomy as complementary values. This article examines the ideas of reciprocity, respect, autonomy, and interdependence of lives and the impact of these on children's development and health. Using an ecological perspective that recognizes humans' relationship with other living beings that inhabit the forest, this article is based on ethnographic research conducted in two Mbya Guarani communities (Argentina). Respect and reciprocity are key for children to develop as part of thecommunity and the forest and they are related to children's wellbeing and health. I describe Mbya perspectives on children's growth and development, providing examples of environmentally relevant skills to grow up in the forest. These skills are associated with particular ways of inhabiting the forest, including learning how to walk in it and developing entendimiento (understanding). These make possible children's integration incommunity life through their participation and collaboration in daily activities.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoLaboratorio de Investigaciones en Etnografía Aplicad